PEOPLE, GROUPS,AND THEIRLEADERS

PRESENTED by:CHIZZy-ANNE D. bORROMEO

LEARNING ObjECTIvESExplain why people join groups.Define a group.Discuss formal groups and how they develop.Explain the importance of status andconformity within groups.Discuss informal groups.Examine barriers to group effectiveness.Define leadership.Compare and contrast leadership styles.

WHy DO PEOPLE jOIN GROUPS

People join groups to fulfil needs that cannot be fulfilled when acting alone.Needs include: Affiliation Attraction Activities Assistance Proximity

WHAT MAkES A GROUP A group is defined as two or more people who ; Interact Share common goals Have unspoken or formal rules or norms Maintain stable role relationships Form subgroups.

TyPES OF GROUPS

Formal group is a group governed by the formal structure of an organization.

Informal group is a group formed around common interests, habits, and personality traits.

FORMAL GROUPS AND THEIRDEvELOPMENT

The development of any group, focuses on two behaviours of the group:1.Task activity 2.Group Process

FOUR STAGES IN GROUP DEvELOPMENT

1.FormingMembers take a close look at their task, adjust themselves to the expected behaviours, and begin accepting one another.

FOUR STAGES IN GROUP DEvELOPMENT

2. RedefiningMembers re-examine the task as a group problem.

3. CoordinatingGroup starts collecting information and translating it into group objectives.

FOUR STAGES IN GROUP DEvELOPMENT

4. FormalizingGroup works smoothly in its roles and accomplishes its objectives.

STATUS AND CONFORMITy INGROUPS

Status is the rank an individual holds within a group.Degree of status acceptance affects the total performance of the group.

STATUS AND CONFORMITy INGROUPS

Conformity means acting in coordination and agreement with one’s group.Groupthink results from group members agreeing with one another because of time pressure, stress, and low collective self-esteem.

Six SourceS of StatuS

1.Interpersonal status2.Personal charm3.Educational Level4.Physical appearance5.Persuasive ability6.Formal position

informal GroupS

Leaders of informal groups are appointed 2 ways:1.By appointing themselves2.The group chooses the leader by consensus

The 4 basic qualities that informal groups have in common:1.They fulfil the needs of members2.They are usually necessary to an organization3.They are always changing4.They are not affected by formal boundaries

BarrierS to GroupeffectiveneSS

There are a number of reasons for ineffective groups1.Groupthink2.Conflict3.lack of creativity4.One-member domination5.Resistance to change

BarrierS to GroupeffectiveneSS

Bad decisions that come out of groupthink– Those resulting from believing too much in the great worth and status of the group.– Those leading to closed-mindedness.– Those that have to do with too muchpressure for conformity.

Solutions to group effectiveness barriers

– Changing ineffective norms.– Identifying problems.– Improving the composition of the group.

leaderShip: What it iS and What itrequireS

Leadership is the ability to influence people towards the attainment of goals of an organization.

leaderShip: What it iS and What itrequireS

Leadership versus management– Managers follow the rules and go through the motions, while leaders have the real power in an organization.

compariSon BetWeen a manaGer and a leader

MANAGER LEADER• Focus on people

• Do the right things

• Inspire

• Influence

• Motivate

• Build

• Shape entities

• Focus on things• Do things right• Plan• Organize• Direct• Control• Follows the rules

leaderShip: What it iS and What itrequireS

Controversy surrounds the issue of what exactly makes a leader effective– Some argue that leaders are born with traits that make them effective.– Others argue that leaders have mastered different sets of skills.

leaderShip StyleS

1.Autocratic leaders make all decisions and use authority and material rewards to motivate followers.2.Consultative leaders tend to delegate authority and confer with others in making decisions.

Leadership styLes

3. Participative leaders encourage the group to work together towards shared goals.4. Free-Rein leaders set performance standards and then allow followers to work creatively to meet the standards.

Leadership styLes

Which leadership style is the best?– The answer depends on two variables:•The situation will often determine the most effective style.•The second variable focuses on the personality and skill level of the leader.

Leaders and the Use of power and aUthority

Power: The ability of one person to influence another.

Authority: The vested power to influence or command within an organization.

soUrces of power

1.Legitimate powerPower based on the position a

person holds in an organization.2. Reward power Power that comes from the user’s ability to control or influence others with something of value to them.

soUrces of power

3. Coercive powerPower that depends on the

threat of possible punishment.4. Networking power Power that is attained by gaining contacts and knowing the right people.

soUrces of power5. Expert power

Power that comes from a person’s knowledge or skill in areas that are critical to the success of the firm.6. Charismatic power Power that is based on the attractiveness a person has to others.

strategies for sUccessWatching for hidden agendas:1.Be aware of strong emotions in other members.2.Note contradictions between verbal and nonverbal signals.3.Pay attention to themes that keep coming up, perhaps disguised, even after the formal topic has been changed.4.Recognize agenda conflicts that involve a group member’s self-esteem.

strategies for sUccess

Strengthening leadership power– Strengthen legitimate power.– Strengthen reward power.– Strengthen coercive power.– Strengthen networking power.– Strengthen expert power.– Strengthen charismatic power.

sUmmary

People join groups in order to fulfil their needs for affiliation, attraction, activities, assistance, and proximity.The four steps to the formation of a formal group are forming, redefining, coordinating, and formalizing.Concepts of status and conformity are very important to understand how groups operate.

sUmmary

Leadership is the ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals.Leadership styles may be autocratic, consultative, participative, or free-rein.Groupthink and hidden agendas are major enemies of group effectiveness.For a group to be successful, the leader must watch for hidden agendas and strengthen his leadership power.

how to be a Leader peopLe want to work

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