Penerapan IT-Governance Pada Pemerintahan

Kenneth Winston Aurel, 16021106072, Teknik Informatika Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado

What Is IT-Governance ?

• IT governance (ITG) didefinisikan sebagai proses-proses yang memungkinkan adanya penggunaan TI yang efektif dan efisiesn dalam memenuhi tujuan dan target suatu organisasi.

• IT-Governance merupakan komitmen, kesadaran dan proses pengendalian manajemen organisasi terhadap sumber daya TI/SI yang merupakan aset yang diinvestasikan oleh organisasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan-kegiatan operasional

Prinsip-Prinsip “Good Governance”• Responsibility: Responsibility for effective, efficient and acceptable use of IT should be clearly and

appropriately allocated and fully understood by all. Business managers should be responsible for business use and performance, including successful outcomes of projects where IT is a major enabling investment.

• Strategy: Business planning should consider and define direction for IT from the highest level, thus providing the basis for proper alignment of IT activity with business requirements.

• Acquisition: Decisions to invest in, and to continue spending on, IT should be made by fully considering the factors that will determine success. These factors go well beyond the basic business case and include the capacity of the organisation to absorb and manage change, the capability of the IT supplier (whether internal or external) to deliver the required services, the feasibility of the required technology solution and the organisation’s appetite for risk.

• Performance: Demand for IT service and capability in both current operations and development of new business systems should be moderated in respect of the overall business plan and balanced against the organisation’s capacity to obtain or deliver the required service and resources.

• Conformance: All rules, whether external or internal, regarding the use of IT should be formally identified, clearly communicated and appropriately enforced.

• Human Behaviour: Characteristics and the needs of the people in the process (those who plan, control, deliver, implement, operate, use or are otherwise affected by an organisation’s decisions regarding the use of IT) should be taken into account in all aspects of planning and using IT.

Aspek-Aspek Yang Diperhatikan

Aspek-Aspek Yang Diperhatikan

IT Governance

"Which skills should be developed and kept internal and which activities should be outsourced?"

"Which skills should be developed and kept internal and which activities should be outsourced?"

"How should the IT service portfolio be managed and controlled from a corporate perspective?"

"How should the IT service portfolio be managed and controlled from a corporate perspective?"

"How should BUILD, TRANSFORM, and RUN be managed? How should the development process look like? What are appropriate standards for delivery(2) (SLAs, availability ...)?

"How should BUILD, TRANSFORM, and RUN be managed? How should the development process look like? What are appropriate standards for delivery(2) (SLAs, availability ...)?

"How are corporate-wide architecture standards developed and implemented for the entire organization?"

"How are corporate-wide architecture standards developed and implemented for the entire organization?"

How is IT managed?

"How should the IT organization be structured to account for local and global needs?"

"How should the IT organization be structured to account for local and global needs?"

"How well are the overall business strategy and IT strategy aligned?"

"How well are the overall business strategy and IT strategy aligned?"

What is thepurpose of IT for

the company?

Overall: "How much value does IT contribute to the

organization?"

Overall: "How much value does IT contribute to the

organization?"

Businessand IT

strategyalignment

IT architecture

IT planningand

controlling

IT leader-ship and

organization Skills and

sourcingIT develop-ment anddelivery

Struktur Tata Kelola TI

IT-Governance Dalam Pemerintahan

• IT governance diartikan sebagai struktur dari hubungan dan proses yang mengarahkan dan mengatur organisasi dalam rangka mencapai tujuannya dengan memberikan nilai tambah dari pemanfaatan teknologi informasi sambil menyeimbangkan risiko dibandingkan dengan hasil yang diberikan oleh teknologi informasi dan prosesnya.

• IT governance merupakan satu kesatuan dengan sukses dari enterprise governance melalui pen-ingkatan dalam efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam proses perusahaan yang berhubungan. IT governance menyediakan struktur yang menghubungkan proses TI, sumber daya TI dan informasi bagi strategi dan tujuan perusahaan.

• Lebih jauh lagi IT governance menggabungkan good (best) practice dari perencanaan dan pengorganisasian TI, pembangunan dan pengimplemantasian, delivery dan support, serta memonitor kinerja TI untuk memastikan kalau informasi perusahaan dan teknologi yang berhubungan mendukung tujuan bisnis perusahaan.

• IT governance memungkinkan perusahaan untuk memperoleh keuntungan penuh dari informasinya, dengan memaksimalkan keuntungan dari peluang dan keuntungan kompetitif yang dimiliki.

IT-Governance Pada Pemerintah Indonesia

Model IT-Governance Indonesia

Kasus IT-Governance Pemerintah Kota Singapura

• Singapura merupakan salah satu cerita sukses penggunaan revolusioner TI dalam mempercepat pembangunan dan mentransformasi seluruh perekonomian nasional.

• Singapura berhasil bertransformasi dari negara dunia ketiga menjadi negara dunia pertama, dan memposisikan diri sebagai perekonomian yang knowledge-based, dan dipacu oleh inovasi khususnya dibidang TI dan ndustri berat serta finansial.

Operasional IT-Governance Singapura

• Secara teknis pelaksanaan IT-Governance di Singapura diletakkan langsung pada naungan badan badan yang berada dalam ranah otoritas departemen-departemen pemerintahan yang bertanggung jawab dalam pelaksanaan pemerintahan sehari-hari.

• Pelaksanaan seperti ini memungkinkan adanya fleksibilitas yang lebih besar dalam implementasi IT-Governance dalam pengambilan kebijakan secara ekonomi dan sosial. Contoh badan-badan yang dimaksud antara lain :– IT, dan e-Commerce dilaksanakan National Computer Board (NCB) dibawah

naungan Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI)– Telekomunikasi dibawah Telecommunication Authority of Singapore (TAS)

dibawah Ministry of Communications– Broadcasting, dibawah Singapore Broadcasting Authority (SBA) yang dinaungi

Minstry of Information and Arts

Fitur-Fitur Unik IT-Governance Singapura

• Committed political and public service leadership

• Creating an environment for cumulative institutional learning

• Public-private collaboration• Investment in a competitive information

infrastructure• Clear cyber policies

Kunci Kesuksesan Singapura

• Stable Political Leadership• Industry Collaboration – Private Sector Can Do

More• Liberalisation of Telecommunications• Balance of Investment in Hard and Soft

Infrastructure• Willingness to Innovate and Take Risks• National Resource/Data Hub

Tingkatan Hirarki Tertinggi Pembuatan Keputusan Manajemen IT Singapura

Tahapan Pembuatan Kebijakan IT-Governance Singapura

Enabler Pelaksanaan Implementasi IT-Governance Singapura

Piramida Stakeholder IT-Governance Singapura

Program-Program Terkait IT-Governance Singapura

• Level 1—National IT Literacy Programme (NITLP): training for the non-infocomm literate to equip them with basic computing and Internet skills to improve their quality of life and enhance their employability. Targeted at workers, homemakers and senior citizens.

• Level 2—The Infocomm Competency Programme (ICP): to train workers in the essential infocomm skills for the competitive workplace.

• Level 3—The E-Business Savviness Programme (EBSP): to develop a pool of skilled manpower with e-business skills and knowledge and able to champion e-business transformations within companies, thereby benefi ting the industry with enhanced infocomm expertise of the workforce.

• Level 4—Strategic Manpower Conversion Programme (SMCP): to convert noninfocomm professionals to become infocomm professionals.

• Level 5—Critical IT Resource Programme (CITREP): for infocomm professionals to upgrade their skills in critical, emerging and specialised infocomm areas, thus accelerating the development of these skills that were urgently required by the industry.

• Level 6—Infocomm Training and Attachment Programme .

Thank You for Your Attention !

Sumber Pustaka

1.Chua, Jeannie, 2016, E-Transformation of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University

2.Sushil,2011 IT-Governance and E-Government: Definitions/Domain Framework and Status around the World , Long Island University, Brookville, USA

3.Ma, David, 2015, Singapore Public Service, Civil Service College, Singapore