pendahuluan ptt

PENGENALAN TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI

Pendahuluan SAP

Faculty of Electrical and CommunicationBANDUNG, 2013

PengTekTel-Pendahuluan

A. Suhartomo, Ph.D.Part Time Lecturer

Silabus 40 Kata• Mata kuliah yang mempelajari sistem komunikasi secara

general, dilihat dari sisi User, jaringan akses dan sentral. • User diwakili oleh berbagai macam terminal pengirim dan

penerima, seperti telephone, faximile, radio, televisi, teleprinter, komputer juga dibahas bentuk sinyal dan jenis-jenis modulasi.

• Pada bagian jaringan akses dibahas jenis media transmisi dan teknik-teknik akses.

• Di sisi sentral dibahas jenis-jenis sentral dan fungsi umum sentral switching.

• Dibahas pula beberapa jenis jaringan komputer, seperti PSTN, Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak, ISDN dan Komunikasi Satelit


DESKRIPSI SINGKAT MATA KULIAH

• Pada MK ini mahasiswa memahami tentang teknik telekomunikasi secara lengkap dari pengirim, sistem pemancar, jaringan, dan sistem penerima dan dibandingkan tentang sistem analog dan sistem digital serta proses digitalisasi dan proses sebaliknya.

• Setelah mahasiswa mengambil Mata Kuliah ini, diharapkan mahasiswa dapat memahami tentang Teknik Telekomunikasi baik analog maupun digital



Mata Kuliah : Pengantar Teknik Telekomunikasi

Program Studi : S1 TTSKS : 3Semester :

Mg Pert.Materi

Topik Sub Topik

1

1

Pendahuluan

1. Aturan perkulihan2. Aturan penilaian: Quis, Ujian, Tugas dll3. Silabus, referensi, kontrak belajar, sasaran pengajaran

2

Perkembangan Teknologi Telekomunikasi

4. Evolusi teknologi telekomunikasi5. Telekomunikasi tradisional6. Kebutuhan dasar.berkomunikasi jarak jauh 7. Telp, telegraph,TV,Radio, HP, Internet

2

3 Konsep dasar Telekomunikasi

8.Definisi dan konsep Telekomunikasi 9.Proses terjadinya Telekomunikasi Blok diagram dari TX sampai RX 10.Menjelaskan blok digram proses terjadinya telekomunikasi

4

Jenis Perangkat Telekomunikasi

11.Perangkat core network 12.Perangkat Access Network

3

5 Responsi/Latihan dan Pembahasan Soal

6

Sinyal

13.Sinyal dalam kehidupan sehari-hari 14.Konsep dasar sinyal elektrik 15.Konsep dasar sinyal telekomunikasi (analog)


4

7

Konversi Sinyal Analog-Digital

16.Perubahan sinyal asli, listrik dan digital 17.Sampling

8 18.Kuantisasi19.Pengkodean

5


10Media Transmisi

20.Kabel Tembaga 21.Kabel COAX

6

11 22.Fiber optic23.Wireless

12Transmisi

24.Proses pengolahan sinyal untuk ditansmisikan 25.Multiplex- Demux Analog

713 26.Multiplex- Demux Digital

27.Pengantar sistem PDH/SDH


Materi 1 – 7 : Bahan UTS


8

15 Teknik modulasi

28.Mod-Demod AM29.Mod-Demod FM 30.Mod-Demod ASK 31.Mod-Demod PSK 32.Mod-Demod FSK

16Besaran dan ukuran kinerja transmisi

33.Konsep penguatan/loss desibel (dB) 34.Konsep Level daya (dBm, dBW)35.Parameter S/N, BER


10

19 Jaringan PSTN 36.Hirarki dan Topologi Jaringan37.Layanan jaringan PSTN

20Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak

38.Dasar Sistem Komunikasi bergerak 39.Arsitektur Siskomber

1121 40.Pengenalan Sistem seluler : GSM dan CDMA, dll

22 Responsi/Latihan dan Pembahasan SoalMateri 8 – 11 : Bahan UTS


12

23 Sistem Komunikasi Satelit

41.Keuntungan dan kekurangan satelit 42.Perkembangan satelit 43.Arsitektur satelit 44.Aplikasi satelit

24Penerapan sistem transmisi serat optik (SKSO)

45.Bagian pengirim optik 46.Bagian transmisi Optik 47.Bagian Pengirim Optik

1325

48.Fungsi SKSO49.Kelebihan dan kekurangan terhadap kabel tembaga atau radio


1427 Komunikasi data

50. Layer OSI51. protocol52. Circuit Switching53. Packet switching54. Internet


Materi 12 – 14 : Bahan UAS

Buku Referensi1. Freeman, Roger L., Telecommunication System

Engineering Analog and Digital2. Freeman, Roger L, Fundamentals of

Telecomunications, John Willey, London, 19993. Flood, J., Telecommunication Network4. William, C. Y. Lee, Mobile Celluler Telecommunication

System5. Minho, Bveong G. Kav, Broadband Telecommunication

Technology, Artech House, London, 19936. Uke Kurniawan, Pengantar Ilmu Telekomunikasi,

Penerbit Informatika, Bandung, 2008


Komponen Penilaian

– Ujian Tengah Semester : 40 % – Ujian Akhir Semester : 40 %– Quiz / Tugas Kelompok / PR : 20 %Tugas Kelompok dilakukan presentasi pada sub-program

bahasan.Tiap Kelompok terdiri dari 3-5 orang.Kehadiran : diatas > 75 %Mahasiswa diberi tugas mengenai sub pokok bahasan, yang

didiskusikan pada setiap kelompok, untuk kemudian diprsentasikan dihadapan kelas.


TIPS SUKSES BELAJAR

• Niat yang besar dan mantap– ”Jangan menganggap tugas belajarmu sebagai kewajiban, melainkan pandanglah itu sebagai

sebuah kesempatan untuk menikmati betapa indahnya dunia ilmu pengetahuan, kepuasan hati yang diberikannya serta manfaat yang akan diterima oleh masyarakat apabila jerih payahmu berhasil.” ( Einstein).

– Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. – Jangan disetir oleh mood, tapi setirlah mood

• Pengaruh lingkungan sekitar– Cari teman yang bisa memotivasi kita untuk bersaing dalam menuntut ilmu

• Sarana untuk belajar– Baca buku di perpustakaan, e-book, browsing internet

• Cara belajar– Pelajari bahan sedikit demi sedikit, tiap mendapat materi baru, jangan ditunda untuk

mempelajarinya.– Setelah memahami materi, coba jawab pertanyaan2 atau soal2 terkait.

• Iringi dengan DOA


ATURAN FAKULTAS

• Berseragam (atasan kemeja putih, bawahan warna biru tua, bukan jeans)

• Bersepatu ( BUKAN Sepatu Sendal)• Tidak terlambat masuk kelas, kalau telat maka tidak

dipernankan masuk kelas• Mengikuti UTS & UAS• Tidak ada ujian susulan, ujian khusus, ujian perbaikan (no-

remedial), tugas tambahan dllnya.


Rules:

• Every started college conducted the prayer led by one students who was appointed lecturer relevant:"Oh God, give us strength and ability to accept and understand science and lecture today“

• To be able to join UTS or UAS, presence of at least 75% or in accordance with institutional regulations.

• For participants who do not follow the UTS and UAS, will get the value E

• See complete info at: BPI (Buku Panduan Institusi)


PERKULIAHAN

• SCL (Student Centered Learning), mahasiswa sebagai subjek perkuliahan berbasis kompetensi.

• Persiapkan diri untuk jadi mahasiswa yang aktif menggali dan menguasai kompetensi setiap mata kuliah.

• Diskusi bersama.


LECTURE IDENTITY

A. Suhartomo, Ph.D.• Telp : 0857 2218 4052• Office : Part Time Lecturer • E-mail : [email protected]• Previous School:1. S1: Physics - FMIPA, North Sumatera University, Medan2. S2: EE – FT Indonesia University, Jakarta3. Ph.D: EE – ECE Stevens Institute of Tech, Hoboken, NJ -

USA


What Does Telecommunication Mean?

• The term telecommunication (or communication ) means the transfer of some form of information from one place (known as the source of information) to another place (known as the destination of information) using some system to do this function (known as a communication system).

• What is the difference between communication and communications!


Importance of Communications (by electrical signals)

• Teleconferencing, teleshopping, telebanking, internet, computer networks, mobile,...etc


So What Will we Study in This Course?

• In this course, we will study the basic methods that are used for communication in today’s world and the different systems that implement these communication methods.

• Upon the successful completion of this course, you should be able to identify the different communication techniques, know the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, and show the basic construction of the systems that implement these communication techniques.

(Check the syllabus for course description, outcomes and objectives)


Examples of Today’s Communication Methods

• All of the following are electric (or electromagnetic) communication systems

1. Satellite (Telephone, TV, Radio, Internet, … ) 2. Microwave (Telephone, TV, Data, …) 3. Optical Fibers (TV, Internet, Telephone, … ) 4. Copper Cables (telephone lines, coaxial cables, twisted pairs,

… etc)


Simplex vs. Duplex Communications

• A communication system may transmit information in one direction such as TV and radio (simplex), two directions but at different times such as the CB (half-duplex), or two directions simultaneously such as the telephone (full-duplex).


Basic Construction of Electrical Communication System


What does the channel do?• Distortion (Linear vs. nonlinear, distortion vs. distortionless

channels) corrected by equalizers.• Noise (unwanted, unpredictable): is an undesired signal

that gets added to (or sometimes multiplied with) a desired transmitted signal at the receiver.

• The source of noise may be external to the communication system or internal to the communication system.

o External: noise resulting from electric machines, other communication systems, noise from outer space, lightning, automobile ignition can be reduced or eliminated.

o Internal: caused by thermal motion of electrons in the conductors can be reduced but not eliminated.


Basic Terminology Used in Communications Systems

• A Signal: is a function that specifies how a specific variable changes versus

an independent variable such as time, location, height (examples: the age of people versus their coordinates on Earth, the amount of money in your bank account versus time).

• A System: operates on an input signal in a predefined way to generate an

output signal.



• Analog Signals: are signals with amplitudes that may take any real value out of an infinite number of values in a specific range (examples: the height of mercury in a 10cm–long thermometer over a period of time is a function of time that may take any value between 0 and 10cm, the weight of people setting in a class room is a function of space (x and y coordinates) that may take any real value between 30 kg to 200 kg (typically)).

• Digital Signals: are signals with amplitudes that may take only a specific number of values (number of possible values is less than infinite) (examples: the number of days in a year versus the year is a function that takes one of two values of 365 or 366 days, number of people sitting on a one- person chair at any instant of time is either 0 or 1, the number of students registered in different classes at KFUPM is an integer number between 1 and 100).



• Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR): is the ratio of the power of the desired signal to the power of the noise signal. (amplifier does not help!)

• Signal Bandwidth (BW): is the width of the frequency range that the signal occupies. For example the bandwidth of a radio channel in the AM is around 10 kHz and the bandwidth of a radio channel in the FM band is 150 kHz.



• Rate of Communication: is the speed at which DIGITAL information is transmitted.

• The maximum rate at which most of today’s modems receive digital information is around 56 k bits/second and transmit digital information is around 33 kbits/second.

• A Local Area Network (LAN) can theoretically receive/transmit information at a rate of 100 Mbits/s.

• Gigabit networks would be able to receive/transmit information at least 10 times that rate.

• Signal Power: related to quality, distance, rate….


Advantages of Digital Communication over Analog Communication

• Immunity to Noise (possibility of regenerating the original digital signal if signal power to noise power ratio (SNR) is relatively high by using of devices called repeaters along the path of transmission).

• Efficient use of communication bandwidth (through use of techniques like compression).

• Digital communication provides higher security (data encryption).• The ability to detect errors and correct them if necessary.• Design and manufacturing of electronics for digital communication

systems is much easier and much cheaper than the design and manufacturing of electronics for analog communication systems.


Modulation• Modulation is changing one or more of the characteristics of a

signal (known as the carrier signal) based on the value of another signal (known as the information or modulating signal) to produce a modulated signal.

• A carrier is a sinusoidal of high frequency with one of its parameters (amplitude, phase, or frequency) is varied in proportion to the message m(t)

• Famous Types1. Amplitude Modulation (AM): varying the amplitude of the carrier based on the

information signal as done for radio channels that are transmitted in the AM radio band.

2. Phase Modulation (PM): varying the phase of the carrier based on the information signal.

3. Frequency Modulation (FM): varying the frequency of the carrier based on the information signal as done for channels transmitted in the FM radio band.


Why to modulate?

• Antenna size is inversely proportional to the frequency. • Antenna size has to be comparable to the wave length. c=λf• To receive transmitted signals from multiple sources without

interference between them, they must be transmitted at different frequencies (frequency division multiplexing, FDM) by modulating carriers that have different frequencies with the different information signals. (like painting with colors).

• To improve the propagation. Low frequency penetrates walls better than high frequency signals.


Trends

Towards a greater number of competitive vendors, carriers, alliancesand telecommunications network services.

Industry trends

Towards open and interconnected local and global digital networks for voice, data and video, using high-speed fiber-optics and satellites.

Technology trends

Towards a pervasive use of the internet and enterprise and interorganizationalintranets, to support collaborative computing, online business operations and

strategic advantage in local and global markets.

Application Trends


Technological Developments

General trend: Connect everybody to everybody else.• Internet-network technologies

– thousands new hardware- and software products– web-browsers, HTML- editors, firewalls

• Open systems: based on standards– connectivity of systems: middleware– OSI, TCP/IP

• Digital technologies– higher transmission speed– larger information streams– more efficient transmission method – less errors


Internet Revolution• Explosive growth• Terminology

– WWW: inquiry sources of information via graphical browser software

– E-mail: electronic mail– Usenet: place messages on bulletin board– IRC: real time dialogs– FTP: file transfer– Telnet: login on other systems

– Other: telephone, video conferencing, ...

Telecommunication model• Terminals

– terminal, office equipment , telephones , ...

• Telecommunications processors– modems, multiplexers, front-end processors, ...

• Telecommunications channels and media– copper wires, coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, satellites, ...

• Computers– host computers, front-end computers, network servers, ...

• Telecommunications control software– telecommunication monitors, network operating systems, ...


Interactive usage

• Physical location often crucial factor to decide on the type of connection between the computer and the workstation

• Standardization is an absolute must in this respect

Interactive usage : - increases considerably the productivity

- requires communication networks

Required transmission capacity depends on the application and on the user interface :

- administrative input <1000 char/sec

- CAD/CAM millions char/sec


Telecommunication Components

End-user workstation

Telecommunicationssoftware

Computers

Telecomprocessors

Telecomprocessors

TelecomChannels and Media

5 components


LANPC-workstation PC-workstation

PC-workstationPC-workstationPC-workstation

PC-workstation

NetworkServer

Port toother networks

Shared hard disk

Sharedprinter

Databases and Software packages


WAN - Internetwork

networkin US

networkin Europe

Mainframe,hosts

Internet

networkin Australia

LAN’s

LAN’s

Tymnet

Cisco corporation networkPengTekTel-Pendahuluan

Client/server network

Intranet

Company A

IntranetCompany B

Mainframe host system

Router

Router

Internet

Firewall

Firewall

Client - Server

Clients

Clients

comm.server

comm.server

DB.server

Printserver

DB.server

O.A.server

CADserver


pendahuluan ptt

Documents

konsep level daya dbm

fungsi umum sentral

sisi sentral dibahas