SUBMITED BY- SUBMITED TO-

ANKIT SINGH DR. S.N. SACHDEVA

M.TECH (TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING) SECTION HEAD (TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING)

ROLL NUMBER- 3140715 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NIT KURUKSHETRA NIT KURUKSHETRA

Introduction to pedestrianPedestrians can generally be defined as persons walking or jogging, persons using wheelchairs or mobility aids, people walking their dogs, people with children’s strollers, in-line skaters, and skateboarders.

Importance Importance for pedestrians

As a pedestrian, it is your responsibility to make yourself visible and avoid dangerous behavior and situations. When possible, utilize the sidewalk if not available you should walk against the flow of traffic.

Importance for driversIt is important for drivers to be aware of crossing pedestrians at all times, whether they are in marked or unmarked crosswalks. Obey the posted speed limit and always be prepared to stop for pedestrians who may not see or hear you.

Importance for BicyclesBicyclists share the responsibility of being both a pedestrian and a vehicle. When on a pathway, a bicyclist takes on the role of a pedestrian. Even as a pedestrian you must travel at a safe speed, follow posted signs, and yield to other pedestrians.

Importance for Skateboards

Unlike bicycles, skateboarders must always act as pedestrians. This means skateboarders must take care and yield to other pedestrians while maintaining a safe speed. In some areas skateboarding is prohibited, so it is important to be aware and follow the posted laws.

IRC GUIDELINES for sidewalk..Requirements of pedestrian facilities and sidewalk have been covered partially in some of the earlier IRC Standards for instance IRC: 70-1977 “GUIDELINES ON REGULATION AND CONTROL OF MIXED TRAFFIC IN URBAN AREAS” and IRC:86-1983 “GEOMETRIC DESIGN STANDARDS FOR URBAN ROADS IN PLAINS”

AS PER IRC:103-1989

SIDEWALK OR FOOTPATH

Provide on both side above the level of carriage way separated by non-mountable kerb. The height of kerb at edge not more than height of non mountable kerb.

Height of kerb at the edge usually should not exceeded to 150mm.

Width of sidewalk depends upon the expected pedestrians flows as per the following table.

in shopping areas increased by 1m treated as dead width where as sidewalk adjacent to building & fences taken as 0.5m for the area like heavy activity residential area, bus stop, railway station should be suitably increased.

DESIGN LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR SIDEWALK

LOS A- pedestrian space > 4.9 m2/person. Flow rate 12 p/min./m.

LOS B- pedestrian space >3.3-4.9 m2/p. Flow rate 12-15 p/min./m.

LOS C- Pedestrian space > 1.9-3.3 m2/p. Flow rate 15-21 p/min./m.

LOS D-Pedestrian space >1.3-1.9 m2/p. Flow rate 21-27 p/min./m.

LOS E- Pedestrian space > 0.6-1.3 m2. Flow rate 27-45 p/min./m.

LOS F- Pedestrian space > 0.6 m2/p. Flow rate varies.

Wide roads have built without sidewalks or frequent crosswalks and high-speed traffic makes these roadways particularly deadly. In many areas ,intersections with crosswalks may be as much as a kilometer apart, leading pedestrians with no safe way to cross the street.

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Present condition of sidewalk

Objectives of the study

To study the footpaths of main road

To study the physical characteristics of footpaths like footpath surface, footpath width, obstructions, encroachment, continuity and potential for vehicle conflict etc.

To study the user characteristics of footpath like safety & security, comfort and work environment etc.

To bring out overall quality and safety assessment of footpaths of selected roads & locations.

To determine the share of pedestrians using footpaths and adjoining carriage ways.

Scope the research This study can be conducted for any other city for improving

existing provisions for sidewalk or footpaths.

We can considered some additional factors like purpose of pedestrian trips, peak time of pedestrian movement on the roads and level of services of footpath can also be included for future study.

The scope of the study can be enlarged by including more numbers of roads more locations and more of cities.

The use of footpath by pedestrians is also affected by the type of traffic on the adjoining road. The same may also be considered in future study.

Methodology of the researchHas 4 main steps.

Selection of cities

Selection of study locations in cities

Data collection

Data analysis

SELECTION OF CITIES

SELECTION OF CITIES

TYPE AND SIZE OF CITY

POPULATION

SPATIAL NATURE OF CITY

EASE OF DATA COLLECTION

SELECTION OF STUDY LOCATIONS

SELECTION OF STUDY LOCATIONS

TYPE OF LOCATIONS

LAND USE

WALKING OPERATIONS

VEHICULAR INTERFERENCE

PRESENCE OF FRICTIONS

DATACOLLECTION

DATA COLLECTION

MANUALLY

PHOTOGRAPHY

PEDESTRIAN VOLUME COUNT

FOOTPATH WIDTH

KERB HEIGHT

FOOTPATH

LOCATIONS OF TREES

ELECTRIC POLES

CLEANLINESS

OBSTRUCTIONS

DATA ANALYSISIn data analysis we analysis all characteristics physical and user characteristics of footpath that we have collected from the site like footpath is existing already at the site or not if yes then footpath width, surface, obstructions, encroachment, continuity & potential of vehicle conflict and in user characteristics are safety & security, comfort and work environment and check whether they are compatible for existing sidewalk quality & type of traffic with

some design standards given by IS:103-1989.

Discussion The main and biggest reasons of non provisions of sidewalk

constructions or pedestrian facilities that I have noticed we don’t give equal importance to the road construction as well as to the sidewalk construction.

The reasons for inadequacy of footpath width are lack of spaces on the sides of the carriage way due to less importance given to the pedestrian facilities at the planning stage as well as lack of awareness about pedestrian safety among engineers and planners.

The footpath surface unevenness may lead to discomfort to pedestrian. To overcome this effect there should be proper quality control during construction and negligible maintenance later on by authorities.

Obstructions on footpath may or may not be there that affect the continuity of sidewalk construction. It’s better to have a obstruction free footpath way.

Poor or no provision of sidewalk construction also lead to crash of vehicles and pedestrian which may be a fatal or non fatal accident.

What we should do…? Or benefits of sidewalk constructionsProvisions of bicycles lane, pedestrian walkways –

Reduce the amount traffic and congestion on the road.

Reduce also the amount of air pollution.

Proper provisions of safe infrastructure like overpass, underpass where there is needed.

Proper provisions of traffic signs, awareness & education etc.

Results after provision of sidewalk construction Safety and security

Comfort of pedestrian

Oriented work environment

conclusion For safety & security among pedestrians there should be

street lighting for night vision and sufficient activities in the surrounding areas and separation of pedestrians from vehicle traffic.

For comfort of pedestrian we can growing shady tress at the outer side of sidewalk lane and some other features like wash rooms, rain shelters and benches/chairs should be provided.

Work environment should be clean to its full degree and no heaps of dirtiness should be deposited here and there. There should proper arrangement of to overcome this effect by providing dustbin at some regular distance.

THANK YOU