pbpb collisions in cms - ttuslee/hi/cms_hi.pdf · 16 reconstruction of jets in hi collisions •...

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1 PbPb PbPb collisions in CMS collisions in CMS Bolek Bolek Wyslouch Wyslouch École Polytechnique École Polytechnique Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology on behalf of CMS Collaboration on behalf of CMS Collaboration CERN, December 2, CERN, December 2, 2010 2010

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Page 1: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

1

PbPbPbPb collisions in CMScollisions in CMS

Bolek Bolek WyslouchWyslouch

École PolytechniqueÉcole PolytechniqueMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology

on behalf of CMS Collaborationon behalf of CMS CollaborationCERN, December 2, CERN, December 2, 20102010

Page 2: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

2

Heavy Ions at the LHCHeavy Ions at the LHC

• Huge energy jump from RHIC: factor 14!• Hottest nuclear matter ever created in the laboratory• New probes or processes• Excellent detectors• Today from CMS:

Di­muons and the detection of J/psi, Upsilon and Z0 Jets and the phenomenon of jet quenching

Page 3: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

3

CMS detector at the LHCCMS detector at the LHC

MUON(Barrel)

TRACKER (Pixels and Strips)

EM Calorimeter (ECAL) Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL)

MUON (Endcaps) 

Forward Calorimeter(HF)

Beam Scintillator Counters (BSC)

Page 4: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

4

Data taking with CMSData taking with CMS

• As of this morning 8.2 b­1 delivered, 7.4 b­1recorded

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11/4 11/9 11/14 11/19 11/24 11/29 12/4

b­1

Date

CMS ION LUMINOSITY

DELIVERED

RECORDED

GREAT thanks to LHC Team

Page 5: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

5

Triggering on collisionsTriggering on collisions

• Maximize efficiency for high pT probes Muons Jets Photons/Electrons

• Record large Minimum Bias sample• Additional triggers

Ultra Peripheral Collisions Background monitoring

• Minimize backgrounds

Page 6: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

6

Event SelectionEvent Selection• Level 1 trigger

Coincidence of two scintillator counters OR Coincidence of two HF towers Muons

• High Level Trigger Jets Muons Photons

• Offline Veto on scintillator beam halo At least 3 HF towers on each side above threshold (E > 3 GeV) Reconstructed pixel vertex with two or more tracks Beam­scraping removal with pixel cluster vertex compatibility

Page 7: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

7

Minimum Bias Event SampleMinimum Bias Event Sample

PbPbPbPb

PbPb PbPb

PbPb PbPb

Non collision B

Non collision A

CMS Preliminary

Page 8: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

8

DileptonsDileptons: past and future : past and future 

Quarkonia should melt in the Quark Gluon Plasma...• J/ψ suppression has been seen at SPS and RHIC

Details are poorly understood , interplay of cold and hot effects

Regeneration of J/ψ from the (large) number of uncorrelated cc pairs would be a golden probe of reconfinement (thus deconfinement) at LHC

• Only ~100 Upsilons seen at RHIC Successive melting of the three bound states could act as a thermometer

• Weak bosons have not been observed at RHIC Test of nuclear PDFs Standard candle for other processes

• CMS will be able to study all of the above in detail

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9

High pHigh pTT J/J/ψψ++­­

J/ψ

Page 10: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

10

High pHigh pTT ++­­

Page 11: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

11

ZZ00 ++­­

Z0

Page 12: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

12

Our first ZOur first Z00 ++­­ candidatecandidate

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13

Jet quenching: RHIC at Jet quenching: RHIC at ssNNNN ==200 200 GeVGeVJet quenching at RHIC at Jet quenching at RHIC at ssNNNN=200 =200 GeVGeV

• Strong quenching effects were observed in single particle spectra and particle correlations• Direct jet reconstruction possible but very difficult

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14

Very clear effect: spectra and correlations Very clear effect: spectra and correlations 

• Azimuthal distribution of particles with 2<pT<pT trigger

• Trigger particle with 4<pT trigger <6 GeV/c

• 0 pT AuAu and scaled pp

1/NtriggerdN/d()PHENIX

Compiled by D. d’Enterria, Springer Verlag. Landolt­Boernstein Vol.1­23A.

STAR collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 072304

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15

Dijet event candidates in CMSDijet event candidates in CMS

• First hours of LHC running We see dijet events We see dijets with unbalanced energy: is this real?

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16

Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisionsReconstruction of Jets in HI collisions

• Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event” that depends on the overall event multiplicity Use background subtraction procedures

• CMS uses several jet finding algorithms Iterative Cone Anti­kT (M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam, G. Soyez, JHEP 0804:063,2008.)

• Jets are found using different sets of detectors Calorimetric Jets: use ECAL and HCAL Particle Flow Jets: use Tracker and Calorimeters

• Jet cone size can vary We use R=0.5

• CMS HI “workhorse” IC5 CaloJets with iterative background subtraction (O. Kodolova et al., EPJC (2007) )

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17

Background subtractionBackground subtraction

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18

Centrality DeterminationCentrality Determination

• Use total energy in Forward Calorimeter (HF) to estimate centrality

Minimum BiasJet Trigger ERAW>50 GeV

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb PbPbPbPb

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19

Dijet selectionDijet selection

• Leading jet is required to have at least 120 GeV Trigger fully efficient

• Sub­leading jet is required to have at least 50 GeV Above background fluctuations

• Leading and sub­leading jets with ||<2• Select back­to­back jets >2.5• To study jet quenching effects use jet energy asymmetry

21

21

jT

jT

jT

jT

J EE

EEA

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20

Event statistics in this analysisEvent statistics in this analysis

1562 dijets within our cuts

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21

Jet Trigger EfficiencyJet Trigger Efficiency

Corrected Jet Energy Raw Jet Energy

|ηjet| < 3 |ηjet| < 3 

CMS Preliminary CMS Preliminary

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22

AAjj in protonin proton­­proton collisions at 7 proton collisions at 7 TeVTeV

Excellent agreement with PYTHIA+CMS simulationWe will use PYTHIA as a reference at 2.76 TeV

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23

Estimation of underlying event effectsEstimation of underlying event effects

• Embed PYTHIA dijets into minimum bias REAL data events Add simulated response of individual detector elements (pixels, strips, crystals etc) to data events

• Reconstruct jets and compare with Dijets in data PYTHIA jets without background

• Advantages compared to full HI simulation: Well understood pp jet response Realistic background

Page 24: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

24

Leading Jet ELeading Jet ETT DistributionsDistributions

Leading Jet ET (GeV)

CentralSemi­CentralSemi­Peripheral

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb PbPbPbPb

Leading jet ET distribution shape well reproduced by  simulations

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25

AzimuthalAzimuthal dijetdijet correlationcorrelation

[rad]

CentralSemi­CentralSemi­Peripheral

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb PbPbPbPb

Select back­to­back dijets with >2.5 for further study

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26

Dijet energy imbalanceDijet energy imbalance

CentralSemi­CentralSemi­Peripheral

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb PbPbPbPb

A significant dijet imbalance, well beyond that expected from unquenched MC, appears with increasing collision centrality

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27

Quantifying the imbalance:Quantifying the imbalance:fraction of unbalanced fraction of unbalanced dijetsdijets

• Fraction of jets with imbalance larger than 0.24

• Plot as a function of number of participating nucleons (volume) averaged over centrality bin

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb PbPbPbPb

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28

Systematic studiesSystematic studies

• We conducted extensive studies to convince ourselves that the effect is real…

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29

Imbalance uniformity: Imbalance uniformity: pseudorapiditypseudorapidityPbPb 2.76 TeV

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30

Imbalance uniformity: azimuthImbalance uniformity: azimuth

PbPb 2.76 TeV

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31

Influence of HI underlying eventInfluence of HI underlying event

Comparison of energy imbalance in simulation with and without embedding in data for central eventsBackground subtraction works really well!

CentralSemi­CentralSemi­Peripheral

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb PbPbPbPb

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32

Jet ResolutionJet Resolution

The resolution of jets changes due to the heavy­ion underlying event

CentralSemi­CentralSemi­Peripheral

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb PbPbPbPb

Black is the fitted resolution in peripheral events, Green is with estimated resolution due to background fluctuations

CMS PreliminaryCMS PreliminaryCMS Preliminary

Page 33: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

33

Jet ResponseJet Response

Response of jets is influenced by the dijet selection Poorer resolution, due to the heavy­ion background,  as compared to pp

CentralSemi­CentralSemi­Peripheral

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb PbPbPbPb

CMS PreliminaryCMS PreliminaryCMS Preliminary

Page 34: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

34

Dijet imbalance and jet energy resolutionDijet imbalance and jet energy resolution

The jet resolution was smeared by 10 and 50% in simulation 

CentralSemi­CentralSemi­Peripheral

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb PbPbPbPb

CMS Preliminary

Page 35: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

35

Dijet imbalance and Jet Energy ScaleDijet imbalance and Jet Energy Scale

(ET1­ET2)/(ET1+ET2)

The energies of sub­leading jets were shifted up by 1σ of the uncertainty in the correction. 

The slope of the jet correction as a function of pT was shifted by 1σ of its uncertainty

CentralSemi­CentralSemi­Peripheral

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb PbPbPbPb

Page 36: PbPb collisions in CMS - TTUslee/HI/CMS_HI.pdf · 16 Reconstruction of Jets in HI collisions • Jets are accompanied by the large “thermal background” or “underlying event”

36(ET1­ET2)/(ET1+ET2)

Dijet imbalance and jet energy selection cutDijet imbalance and jet energy selection cutVarying the leading jet cutoff (ET = 120, 130, 140 GeV)

(ET1­ET2)/(ET1+ET2)

Varying the sub­leading jet cutoff (ET = 35, 50, 55 GeV)

CMS Preliminary

CMS Preliminary

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37

Dijet imbalance with Dijet imbalance with CaloCalo­­ and Particle Flowand Particle Flow­­ JetsJets

Particle Flow: Extensive use of tracker information, different background subtraction, different jet finder algorithmJet energy corrections are smaller than for CaloJets

Excellent agreement between two very different methods

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb

CentralSemi­CentralSemi­Peripheral

PbPb PbPb PbPbPbPb PbPbPbPb

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38

Future studies: Future studies: ­­jet ?jet ?

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39

SummarySummary

• CMS continues to collect good data with heavy ion collisions. The detector is working very well.

• First observation of new phenomena in heavy ion collisions Z0 production Large number of dijets with unbalanced energies indicative of jet quenching 

• By the end of the current data taking with the factor of almost 2­3 compared to the present analysis statistics we hope to get a deeper insight into the new phenomena

• Special thanks to the LHC accelerator team for fantastic performance during the heavy ion runs

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40

BackupBackup

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41

Overview: the Particle Flow Overview: the Particle Flow algorithmalgorithm

HCALClusters

ECALClusters

Tracks

detector

particle­flow

The list of individual particles is then used to build jets, to determine the missing transverse energy, to reconstruct and identify taus from their decay products, to tag b jets …

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42

Jet Energy Correction UncertaintiesJet Energy Correction Uncertainties

The uncertainty is estimated to be within 4% for our dijets in pp events

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43

Cleaning of ECAL SpikesCleaning of ECAL Spikes

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44

HCAL Noise CleaningHCAL Noise Cleaning

Jet90U events + collision selections

HCAL spikes + RBX noise 

would removeless than 1% 

standard selectionJet90U events 

Linear discriminant between signal and noise pulse shape over 10 time slices.  Selection not used.

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45

HCAL Noise CleaningHCAL Noise Cleaning

RBX and HPD noise

a handful of noiseevents removed from

this region

Low energy behavior is an artifact of the algorithmpoorly resolving time differences

standard selection

Jet90U events + collision selectionsJet90U events 

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46

Summary of SelectionsSummary of Selections

with respect to previous selection

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47

Dijet Balance RangeDijet Balance Range

Maximum dijet imbalance sampled for various sub­leading jet cutoffs 

Monojet

Balanced Dijet

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48

Typical Typical dijetdijet in in PbPbPbPb Collisions at CMSCollisions at CMS