pavement rehabilitation assignment #1

7/22/2019 pavement rehabilitation assignment #1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pavement-rehabilitation-assignment-1 1/13

Submitted by Muhammad Saadullah

Assignment#1 of Pavement Rehabilitation and Management

Submitted to Dr Irfan Ms Transportation Engineering

______________________________________________________________________________________

Question # 1

List and explain 4 reasons why asset management is more critical at the current time

relative to say, the 1970’s.

Answer

Asset management is a systematic approach to managing and operating the highway assets.

It considers the risk associated with new investment and helps the transportation agencies

to spend the available funds wisely. The asset management is more critical at the current

time relative to 1970’s because of the following reasons

The road network of Pakistan has increased many folds as compare to the 1970’s. If

the roads are not managed and preserved properly then it will create a big mess and

all the investment on it will be wasted.

The road users are increasing day by day which is causing road congestion and other

traffic related issues. One of the solutions for traffic congestion is wider roads. But it

is not viable; the solution of traffic congestion is proper planning and management

of road network. This can be achieved by asset management.

A lot of freight movement throughout the country is via road as compare to the

1970’s which was via rail network. Thus, the road network serves as the economic

life line of the country. Over loading of the trucks is causing the national highway

roads to deteriorate quickly. From effective asset management will help in the

identification of sections for preventive maintenance and it will trim themaintenance budget.

The construction of new infrastructure project and road repair cost are increasing so

the effective spending of taxpayer’s money is necessary. The asset management

combines both engineering and financial aspects of highway construction. It helps

the planners to spend the funds in an efficient way.



Question # 2

From recent literature on the subject, write a short note (500-words) on the current state of

practice of asset management at the national and various international highway agencies. (cite/

provide reference). Discuss the benefits that could be derived by an agency that implements anasset management system for its highway infrastructure.

AnswerTransportation agencies throughout the world are responsible for managing, maintaining and

operating the highways. Asset management is a technique which is helping these agencies in the

proper management.

On international level

The asset management in USA is done by FHWA (Federal highway administration) and the respective

department of transportation (DOT). The asset management done by FHWA is a two-step approach

that is to take care of the already owned and manage it for future use. By using the asset

management technique the DOTs don’t wait for the worst case scenario that is full rehabilitation of

the structure, preventive maintenance is done throughout the life of the structure which increases

the life of the structure. The cost of preventive maintenance is quiet low as compare to the full

rehabilitation of the asset. Instead of relying on a crisis to strike the asset management uses

systematic approach to manage asset and reducing agency cost. The asset management is helping in

making informed decisions which is maximizing the usage of money. The information about the

asset performance is helping many department of transportation’s in United States of America to

take care of what they already owned. Consider the example of Minnesota department oftransportation, MnDOT is keeping record of their highway assets and it is helping them to keep their

assets in good condition. The asset management gives an analysis of life cycle cost of an investment.

It shows that what can be desired and what can be achieved during the life of the asset. According to

the FHWA the maintenance cost of an asset can be up to three times of the initial construction cost.

So the maintenance cost of an asset must be estimated before investing on the project. Agencies use

asset management plan for the estimating the future costs. The asset management plan includes

inventory of assets, level of service provided, future demands, life cycle management plan, risk

management plan, financial plan and investment strategies. Beside above the US government has

made a law by the name of Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21). Under this

act the all-state department of transportation’s requires risk based asset management plan. The goal

of FHWA is that the asset management plan of different states must be successful. Asset

management is essential for taking care of the resources, managing these resources and reducing

risks of the transportation agencies.i

On national level

National highway authority (NHA) Pakistan is responsible for the building, operating and maintaining

the highways and motorways of Pakistan. Currently the NHA is managing about 4.6% of the total

road network. To improve the serviceability and the management of highway operations NHA has

been working on road asset management system (RAMS)ii. A database will be formed under the

RAMS program. This database will integrate pavement management system, bridge management

system, contract management system along with its application to GIS. Under RAMS the annual



network analysis process will be conducted, annual business plan and establishment of current asset

value will be developed; it will target all the maintenance activities and will help in annual

maintenance plan. RAMS is comparable to other transportation agencies asset management

programs, RAMS will be provide assistance in spending money efficiently, it will reduce the

pavement maintenance cost, travel time and vehicle operating cost.

Question # 3Kashmir Highway is one of most important arterial road in Capital’s road inventory. List all the assets

including intersection appurtenances/ interchanges that you can see on this stretch of road (ICT toll

plaza to Convention Center). Describe two alternative ways that could be used to establish a value of

this asset.

Answer (conducted with umair ali)16 km long section of Kashmir highway was assigned to us. This section starts from club road

intersection (in front of convention center) and ends at ICT toll plaza (Golara morr round about).

Different sectors of Islamabad are located adjacent to this section of Kashmir highway. The list of

assets as follows which were found on the highway is as follows:-

At grade intersections

The number of at grade intersections was 8. The location of these intersections is as follows

LocationTraffic

signs

Traffic

signals

Pavement

markings

Number of

lanesOperational

Gantry

signboards

Club road

intersection

4informatory

sign boards

Working,4 in

number

satisfactory 2 lanes each yes1 on each

side

Aabpara

intersection

2

informatory

signboards

Not

working 3

in number

satisfactory 2 lanes each

No, closed

to reduce

delay

1 on each

side

7th

avenue

intersection

9

informatory

signboards

Working 8

in number

Good in

condition2 lanes each yes No

9th

avenue

intersection

9

informatory

signboards

Working 4

in number

Not

observed5 lanes each yes no

g-9

intersection

2

informatory

signboards

Under construction

Faqeer aapi

intersection

2

informatory

sign boards

Not

working

Not

observed

2 lanes and

it is Under

construction

yes no

g-10

intersection

3

informatory

sign boards

Working 3

in number

Not

observed

2 lanes and

it is Under

construction

yes no

g-11

intersection

1

informatorysign board

Not

working

Not

observed

2 lanes and

it is underconstruction

No because

it is underconstruction

no



Overhead Bridges and culverts

Location Number of lanes Condition Pavement marking

Zero point interchange

over Islamabad highway

5 lanes on each sideNeed preventive

maintenance

In good condition

Bridge over rain water

stream in front of TF

complex

2 lanes on each sideNeeds major

rehabilitationNot observed

Bridge over rainwater

stream just next to IIUI

gate

2 lanes on each sideNeeds major

rehabilitationNot observed

Bridge over railway

crossing near toll plaza2 lanes on each side

Needs preventive

maintenanceNot observed

Culvert near Hotel

Margalla entrance2 lanes In good condition Not observed

culvert between zeropoint interchange and 9

th

avenue intersection

4 lane on each side In good condition Not observed

Culvert before G-13

entrance2 lanes on each side In good condition Not observed

Pedestrian and bike

crossing bridge in front

of Pakistan monument

___ In good condition __

Electric light poles

A lot of electric light poles are installed on Kashmir highway. The distance between two consecutivelight poles was observed to be 55 meters. Round about 270 electric light poles were observed

Guard rails

The guard rails were found on two of the culverts between convention center and 9th

avenue

intersection

Retaining wall

The retaining wall were observed at the under construction section of the Kashmir highway.

Pavement type

Kashmir highway is under construction. The pavement type from club road intersection to 9th avenue

intersection is flexible with varying number of lanes from 2 to 5 at different places. The construction

is taking place from 9th

avenue intersection to the golara morr roundabout. After the construction

there will be 2 lanes of rigid and 3 lanes of flexible pavement on each side. Before the construction

there were 2 lane of flexible pavement on each side in poor condition.

Median

The 16 km of Kashmir highway has been divided by median strip with plantation on it.



Asset valuation methodsPerpetual inventory and replacement cost are the two methods by which the Kashmir highway asset

valuation can be estimated. In perpetual inventory method a real time record is maintained. It

includes all the investments done on the asset; the cost of all the preventive maintenance is kept. By

keeping such records the value of an asset can be easily estimated when needed. The other methodfor asset valuation is by replacement cost. In this method the cost of an asset is calculated by

estimating the value of its replacement. In our case of Kashmir highway the replacement cost

method is more feasible.

Answer # 4

A bridge was constructed over a river Indus on National Highway with a total cost of 1000 Million

PKR with a 50 years useful life and an estimated salvage value at the end of its useful life is 10

Million PKR. Find the monetary value of the asset at the 1st and 5th year using depreciationapproach of double declining balance and compare it with your estimates using straight-line and

Sum-of-years digits method?

Answer

YearsDouble Decline Method Straight Line Method Sum of Years digit Method

Un-depreciated

Balance×[2×(100%50)](1000 M- 10 M)/50 (Rs.)

(1000 M- 10 M) × [Remaining Life/

(50+49+48+….+1)]

1 1000 Million x 4% = 40

Million

990x103/50= 19.8 Million 990M x 50/1275=38.8 Million

2 (1000M-40M) x 4%=

38.4 Million

990x103/50= 19.8 Million 990M x 49/1275= 38 Million

3 (1000M-40M-38.4M)x4%=

36.864 Million

990x103/50= 19.8 Million 990 x 48/1275= 37.2 Million

4 (1000M-40M-38.4M-

36.864M)x4% =35.39 Million


5 (1000M-40M-38.4M-

36.864M-35.39M)x4%=33.9Million


Answer# 5 (conducted with umair ali)

The distress survey was conducted on N-5 and Islamabad expressway. The section of N-5

selected was from RD 1520 (near rawat) to Islamabad expressway intersection. The section

selected on Islamabad expressway was from N-5 intersection to DHAI-II extension.



Alligator Crack: (Flexible Pavement)

Causes Loss of base, subbase or subgrade support (e.g., poor drainage or spring thaw resulting in a

less stiff base)

D-Cracking: (Rigid Pavement)

Possible Cause: Freeze-thaw susceptible aggregate, poor quality aggregate

Cures: Full Depth or partial depth asphalt repair



Transversre Cracking: (Rigid Pavement)

Cause: Slab Curl or curling

Cure: Crack Sealing or Dowel bar Retrofit or Full Depth repair

Pop-Out (Rigid Pavement)

Cause: Poor aggregate freeze-thaw resistance or Alkali-aggregate reactions

Cure: Full depth repair or partial repair or effective patch repair



Raveling: (Flexible Pavement)

Cause: Insufficient Binder, Poor Gradation, or poor Compaction

Cure: Partial or Full depth Asphalt repair, patch Repairing

Rutting, alligator cracking, pot hole and shoving (in flexible pavements)

Cause: The above picture shows number of distresses. The above might be because of poor support

of underlying layers.

Cure: The cure of above is rehabilitation of above patch



Bleeding (in flexible pavement)

Causes Excessive asphalt binder in the HMA

Cure bleeding can often be corrected by applying coarse sand to blot up the excess asphalt binder.

Corner Cracking (in Rigid Pavements)

Causes Severe corner stresses caused by load repetitions combined with a loss of support, poor load

transfer across the joint, curling stresses and warping stresses.

Cure full depth patch



Linear panel cracking

Causes Usually a combination of traffic loading, thermal gradient curling, moisture stresses and loss of

support.

Cure Slabs with a single, narrow linear crack may be repaired by crack sealing.

Longitudnal cracking (in flexible pavement)

Causes A reflective crack from an underlying layer

Cure crack seal it or replace the layer with an overlay.



Patch failure (in flexible pavements)

Causes Previous localized pavement deterioration that has been removed and patched

Cure overlay

Polished aggregate (in rigid pavement)

Causes Repeated traffic applications

Cure applying slurry seal



Transverse cracking (in rigid pavement)

Upheavel

Causes swelling of underlying soil

Cure full depth patch



References for Question# 2

i The data of FHWA is taken from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ep3j7f__LuM&feature=youtu.be

ii The data about RAMS is taken from http://www.carecprogram.org/uploads/events/2012/PBMC-

Training/008_102_209_Road-Asset-Management-System-Pakistan.pdf

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ep3j7f__LuM&feature=youtu.be



http://www.carecprogram.org/uploads/events/2012/PBMC-Training/008_102_209_Road-Asset-Management-System-Pakistan.pdf






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