Paula PeräläPaula PeräläMTT Agrifood Research FinlandMTT Agrifood Research Finland

Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Inventory in FinlandInventory in Finland

Participants of National InventoryParticipants of National Inventory

FINLAND´S NATIONAL GHG

INVENTORY

MTT Agrifood MTT Agrifood Research FinlandResearch Finland

Statistics FinlandStatistics Finland

Finnish Forest Finnish Forest

Research Institute (METLA)Research Institute (METLA)

Finnish Finnish Environment InstituteEnvironment Institute

Technical Research Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTTCentre of Finland (VTT))

Agricultural Emission SourcesAgricultural Emission Sources

NN22O emissions from O emissions from

manure managementmanure management

COCO22 emissions from emissions from

agricultural soilsagricultural soils

CHCH44 emissions from emissions from

manure managementmanure management

CHCH44 emissions from emissions from

enteric fermentationenteric fermentation

of livestockof livestock

Direct and indirectDirect and indirect

NN22O emissions from O emissions from

agricultural soilsagricultural soils

Agricultural EmissionsAgricultural Emissions(Tg CO(Tg CO22 -equivalents) -equivalents)

19901990 19931993 19951995 19981998 20012001

CHCH44 2.06 1.92 1.85 1.83 1.76

NN22OO 4.82 4.21 4.22 3.88 3.73

COCO22 3.22 2.23 1.73 2.03 1.95

TotalTotal 10.1010.10 8.368.36 7.797.79 7.747.74 7.457.45

Source:Finland´s National Inventory Report 2002 to the European Commission

Agricultural EmissionsAgricultural Emissions(Tg CO(Tg CO22 – equivalents/year) – equivalents/year)

00,5

11,5

22,5

33,5

44,5

5

1990 1993 1998 2001

N2O

CO2

CH4

Source:Finland´s National Inventory Report 2002 to the European Commission

Emissions by Source and GasEmissions by Source and Gas

-20 %

0 %

20 %

40 %

60 %

80 %

100 %

1990 1993 1995 1998 2001

CO2 liming

CO2 mineral soils

CO2 organic soils

N2O manure management

N2O agricultural soils

CH4 manure management

CH4 enteric fermentation

Source:Finland´s National Inventory Report 2002 to the European Commission

Agenda 2000 scenarioAgenda 2000 scenario(Tg CO(Tg CO22 eq/year) eq/year)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

CO2 liming

CO2 organic soils

N2O atmospheric deposition

N2O soils

N2O manure management

CH4 manure management

CH4 enteric fermentation

Source: Finland´s Third National Communication Under the UNFCCC

Activity Data SourcesActivity Data Sources

INVENTORY

Published Literature

Agricultural Organizations

Research Institutes

Databases

Agricultural Experts

Calculation Methods-SummaryCalculation Methods-Summary

Emission sourceEmission source MethodMethod

CH4 enteric fermentation IPCC Tier 1 and Tier 2

CHCH4 4 manure managementmanure management IPCC Tier 2 IPCC Tier 2

N2O manure management IPCC

NN22O agricultural soilsO agricultural soils IPCC Tier 1a and IPCC Tier 1 bIPCC Tier 1a and IPCC Tier 1 b

CO2 agricultural soilsIPCC

Both national data and IPCC default values used for calculating the parameters

CHCH4 4 From Enteric FermentationFrom Enteric Fermentation

Cattle:

IPCC Tier 2 method with both national data and IPCC default values used for calculating emission factors

Other livestock:

IPCC Tier 1 method with IPCC default values as emission factors except for reindeer (national EF)

CHCH44 From Enteric Fermentation- From Enteric Fermentation-

Methods and Emission FactorsMethods and Emission FactorsAnimal category Method EF

(kg CH4/head/year)

EF Source

Dairy cows IPCC Tier 2 114.0 National

Mother cows IPCC Tier 2 66.05 National

Bulls IPCC Tier 2 60.15 National

Heifers IPCC Tier 2 61.24 National

Calves IPCC Tier 2 25.08 National

Swine IPCC Tier 1 1.50 IPCC Default

Sheep IPCC Tier 1 8.0 IPCC Default

Goats IPCC Tier 1 5.0 IPCC Default

Horses IPCC Tier 1 18.0 IPCC Default

Reindeer IPCC Tier 1 8.85 National

CHCH44 From Manure Management From Manure Management

Calculated for each animal type and manure Calculated for each animal type and manure management systemmanagement system by IPCC Tier 2 method

with both with both national data and IPCC default values for parameters

CHCH44 From Manure Management- From Manure Management-

Emission FactorsEmission Factors

Animal category EF

(kg CH4/head/year)

Dairy cows 7.92

Mother cows 1.41

Bulls 4.37

Heifers 3.07

Calves 1.31

Swine 3.37

Sheep 0.19

Goats 0.12

Horses 1.42

Poultry 0.09

NN22O From Manure ManagementO From Manure Management

Calculated by using Calculated by using IPCC method and IPCC default emission factors for each for each manure management systemmanure management system

NN22O From Manure Management- O From Manure Management-

Emission FactorsEmission Factors

Manure management system

EF

(kg N2O-N/kg Nitrogen excreted)

Pasture 0.02

Slurry 0.001

Solid storage 0.02

NN2O EO Emissions From Soilsssions From Soils

Calculated by using Calculated by using IPCC Tier 1 a method for direct emissions and IPCC Tier 1 b method for indirect emissions

NN2O EO Emissions From Soilsssions From Soils

Direct emissions: synthetic fertilizers, livestock manure, crop residue, N-fixation, organic soils, sewage sludge

Indirect emissions: atmospheric deposition (synthetic fertilizers, livestock manure, sewage sludge), leaching and run-off (synthetic fertilizers, livestock manure, sewage sludge)

Direct NDirect N22O Emissions From SoilsO Emissions From Soils

Emission source EF

(kg N2O-N/kg N)

EF Source

Synthetic Fertilizers 0.0125 IPCC

Livestock Manure 0.0125 IPCC

Sewage Sludge 0.0125 IPCC

Crop Residue 0.0125 IPCC

N-Fixation 0.0125 IPCC

Emission source EF

(kg N2O-N /ha/year)

EF Source

Organic Soils 8.0 IPCC

Indirect NIndirect N22O Emissions From SoilsO Emissions From Soils

Atmospheric Deposition

Fraction Emitted as NH4-N & NOx-N/kg N

%

EF

(kg N2O-N/

kg NH4-N & NOx-N)

EF

Source

Synthetic Fertilizers 0.6 0.01 IPCC

Livestock Manure 31 0.01 IPCC

Sewage Sludge 31 0.01 IPCC

Leaching and Run-Off

Fraction of N Leached

%

EF

(kg N2O-N / kg N leached)

Synthetic Fertilizers 15 0.025 IPCC

Livestock Manure 15 0.025 IPCC

Sewage Sludge 15 0.025 IPCC

CO22 Emissions From Soils Emissions From Soils

Mineral soils:

Calculated by using changes in carbon stocks in 20 years period resulting from land-use changes

Organic soils:

Calculated by using both IPCC and national emission factors

Liming:

Calculated by using IPCC method and both IPCC and national conversion factors

Mineral Soils-ParametersMineral Soils-Parameters

Land-use type: long term cultivated, improved pasture, set aside, forested, abandoned

Soil type (area of total): high activity (11%), low activity (41 %), sandy (33%)

Soil carbon stock (Mg/ha): sandy 14-22,

low activity and high activity 56-88

Organic Soils-Emission factorsOrganic Soils-Emission factors

Mg C/ha/a EF Source

Peat soils

(organic matter >40 %)

Pasture 2 National

Upland crop 4 National

Other organic soils

(organic matter 20-40%)

Pasture 0.5 National

Upland crop 1 IPCC

LimingLiming

IPCC method and both IPCC and national conversion factors used

Conversion factors: limestone 0.12, dolomite 0.13, briquette lime 0.12

Amounts of lime from the Finnish Liming Association

Uncertainty Analysis in Uncertainty Analysis in Agricultural Sector (1999)Agricultural Sector (1999)

Source Category Source Category and Gasand Gas

Activity Data Activity Data UncertaintyUncertainty

%%

Emission Factor Emission Factor UncertaintyUncertainty

%%

Combined Combined UncertaintyUncertainty

%%

CO2 soils 30 100 104

CH4 enteric fermentation

10 30 32

CH4 manure management

10 30 32

N2O manure management

10 100 100

N2O soils-direct 30 100 104

N2O soils-indirect

40 150 155

Source: Pipatti, R. 2001. Greenhouse gas emissions and removals in Finland. VTT Research Notes 2094

Quality Assurance and ControlQuality Assurance and Control

In co-operation with: Statistics Finland

Finnish Environment Institute and Technical Research Centre of Finland

Principal tasks at the moment:

Complete documentation of the system

Updating the parameters used

Future DevelopmentFuture Development

Parameter updating QA/QC measures Uncertainty analysis Measurements for acquiring national data Development of new calculation methods International co-operation