•Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University)Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University)

•Phil Archambault (Univ. Quebec àPhil Archambault (Univ. Quebec à Rimouski)Rimouski)

•Kim Juniper (Univ. of Victoria)Kim Juniper (Univ. of Victoria)

•Peter Lawton (DFO Canada)Peter Lawton (DFO Canada)

•Chris McKindsey (DFO Canada)Chris McKindsey (DFO Canada)

•Anna Metaxas (Dalhousie University)Anna Metaxas (Dalhousie University)

•Pierre Pepin (DFO Canada)Pierre Pepin (DFO Canada)

•David Schneider (Memorial University)David Schneider (Memorial University)

•Verena Tunnicliffe (Univ. of Victoria)Verena Tunnicliffe (Univ. of Victoria)

The NSERC Canadian Healthy Oceans Network

Biodiversity science for sustainable oceans

CHONe is a team of 147 researchers •42 University faculty•25 Government scientists•20 PhD students•17 MSc•37 Undergraduates•3 Postdocs

University Co-Applicants•Dalhousie University•Guelph University•McGill University•Memorial University•Mt. Allison University•Simon Fraser University•University of Alberta•University of British Columbia•University College of Cape Breton•Université de Quebec à Chicoutimi•Université de Quebec à Rimouski•Université Laval •University of Prince Edward Island•University of Victoria•University of Waterloo

•Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

•Department of Fisheries & Oceans (Science & Oceans Branches)

•Government of Newfoundland & Labrador

•Natural Resources Canada

•Atlantic Reference Centre

•Canadian Museum of Nature

•Parks Canada

•ArcticNet

Major Funding Partners

~ $10 Million distributed over 5 years

Snelgrove et al. (2004)

Island Press

Ha

bit

at S

ize

(km

Ha

bit

at S

ize

(km

22 ))

Scale of Threat (km2)

1010

010

210

410

610

810

Invasive speciesDisease

Circulation change

Fishing Effects

Temp.Rainfall

SalinityEutropication

Pollution

Habitat lossHydrology change

Vu

lne

rab

iity

Open Open Ocean Ocean

Near Near shore shore

ArcticArctic

TemperateTemperate

“…a growing global network of researchers in more than 70 nations engaged in a ten-year initiative to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of marine life in the oceans -- past, present, and future.

www.coml.org

The scientific landscape is changing…The scientific landscape is changing…

•Ecosystem-Based ManagementEcosystem-Based Management

•Oceans ActOceans Act

•Role of DFO OceansRole of DFO Oceans

•Convention on Biological Diversity Convention on Biological Diversity

•Law of the SeaLaw of the Sea

There is a technology revolution underway in ocean sciencesThere is a technology revolution underway in ocean sciences

•Observation•Sampling•Modeling

We will….

•provide a science basis for conservation-based decisions,

•develop new tools & strategies for policy decisions,

•train the next generation of young, highly-qualified personnel

Ecosystem Function How is ecosystem function

linked to biodiversity & agents

of disturbance (natural and anthropogenic)?

Biodiversity Characterization & Tools- What is the nature of cryptic diversity, the

spatial distribution of biodiversity, & temporal changes in biodiversity?

Dispersal Dynamics- “How does dispersal influence patterns of

diversity, resilience, and source/sink dynamics of species and

communities?”

Theme IIITheme III

Theme IITheme IITheme ITheme I

IntegrationIntegration

OCEAN HEALTH

THREE GEOGRAPHIC FOCI… THREE GEOGRAPHIC FOCI…

Three

Oceans

TRAINING IN CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIESTRAINING IN CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIES

•ocean observatoriesocean observatories

•new sampling toolsnew sampling tools

•microparticlesmicroparticles

•genetics toolsgenetics tools

•new taxonomy toolsnew taxonomy tools

•novel instrumentationnovel instrumentation

•new GIS tools for habitat mappingnew GIS tools for habitat mapping

•automated recognition toolsautomated recognition tools

•predictive toolspredictive tools

•biophysical modelsbiophysical models

•spatial statistical toolsspatial statistical tools

•comprehensive management toolscomprehensive management tools

CHONe strongly complements ongoing funded programs…

•International Polar Year

•Ocean Management Research Network (OMRN)

•Community-University Recovery Alliance (CURA)

•Census of Marine Life

•Barcode of Life

•ArcticNet

•Invasive Species Network (CAISN)

•VENUS, NEPTUNE, Bonne Bay

•DFOs Centres of Expertise

•TRACES

•CAMEO (Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization) ???

Regional & Local Regional & Local Stakeholder InvolvementStakeholder Involvement

•Traditional Ecological KnowledgeTraditional Ecological Knowledge•Local supportLocal support

•Access to environmentAccess to environment

National PolicyNational Policy•DFODFO

•Parks CanadaParks Canada•Environment CanadaEnvironment Canada

•NGOs NGOs

ScienceScience•UniversityUniversity

•GovernmentGovernment•Other PartnersOther Partners

Conservation & Conservation & Sustainable Use Sustainable Use

of Canada’s of Canada’s Oceans Oceans

Key objectives?

Key objectives?Scientific

Scientific

recomm

endations

recomm

endations

Key o

bject

ives

?

Key o

bject

ives

?Scien

tific

Scien

tific

reco

mm

endat

ions

reco

mm

endat

ions

THEME I: BIODIVERSITY

Goal 1 – Diversity in Space Relation of taxonomic and functional diversity to habitat diversity

•Arctic Corridor•Atlantic Corridor•Pacific Corridor•New Tools for Image Analysis

Goal 2 – Diversity in TimeRate of divergence and benchmarks for Arctic warming

•Cryptic Diversity•Divergence Rate

Goal 3 – Diversity in SocietyKnowledge assembly, accessibility, and application

•Ecoinformatics•Synthesis

CHONe will use advanced technologies for seabed interpretation to understand benthic diversity patterns

Theme I Issue – Habitat Mapping vs Ecological Analysis Theme I Issue – Habitat Mapping vs Ecological Analysis

Gulf of Maine

Continental Rise

seismic

tsunami

chemical

Currents/seabed

visual

130 instruments

(>40 types)

>300 sensors

Biodiversity, ecosystem services (function) Biodiversity, ecosystem services (function) and human well -beingand human well -being

THEME II: ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION

Understand and quantify the role of biodiversity in ecosystems services

Goal 1 – Natural variation in biodiversity & ecosystems

services

Goal 2 – Anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity &

ecosystem services

Synthesis

VENUS is located in two places:

• Strait of Georgia

• Saanich Inlet

Vancouver

Victoria

VICTORIA EXPERIMENTAL VICTORIA EXPERIMENTAL NETWORK UNDER THE SEANETWORK UNDER THE SEA

A seafloor cabled laboratory A seafloor cabled laboratory at the University of Victoriaat the University of Victoria

To date, 25 instruments are connected via a subsean nodeData are available to all:

www.venus.uvic.cawww.venus.uvic.ca

THEME III: CONNECTIVITY THEME III: CONNECTIVITY

Goal 1 – Evaluate the role of larval dispersal in regional Goal 1 – Evaluate the role of larval dispersal in regional source-sink dynamicssource-sink dynamics

Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity using different metrics of dispersalusing different metrics of dispersal

THEME III: CONNECTIVITY THEME III: CONNECTIVITY

Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity using different metrics of dispersalusing different metrics of dispersal

Existing and emerging toolsExisting and emerging tools Contrasting speciesContrasting species

• Larval distributionsLarval distributions• Larval behaviourLarval behaviour• Langrangian estimates using microdriftersLangrangian estimates using microdrifters• Numerical modelling of ocean circulationNumerical modelling of ocean circulation• Genetic differentiationGenetic differentiation• Statistical and dynamic modellingStatistical and dynamic modelling• Historical dataHistorical data• Juvenile between-habitat flux and dispersal Juvenile between-habitat flux and dispersal potential potential

• Mussels (model weak swimmers)Mussels (model weak swimmers)• Lobsters Lobsters • Other decapods (?)Other decapods (?)• CodCod• Other fish speciesOther fish species

www.osl.gc.ca/homard/en/schema-cycle-de-vie.html

1

2

3 4

5

Magnetically attractive particle release

Magnetic collector array in expected dispersion domainMagnetic collector array in expected dispersion domain

Apparatus, System and Method for Evaluating Fluid SystemsApparatus, System and Method for Evaluating Fluid SystemsC.T. Taggart & B.R. RuddickC.T. Taggart & B.R. Ruddick

Oceanography DepartmentOceanography Department

UNITED STATES and CANADAUNITED STATES and CANADA

Patent PendingPatent Pending

N p C(x0, t)dt0

T

• Collector integrates particles over time in space:Collector integrates particles over time in space:

• Model integrates “particles” over time in space:Model integrates “particles” over time in space:

COMPARECOMPARE

-58.0 -56.0 -54.0 -52.046.0

48.0

50.0

52.0

•Good science

•Ecosystem-based•management tools

•Metrics for MPA outcomes

•Data products

•Outreach products

Sources & Sinks

Ecosystem Health

New assessment methodologies

Disturbance models

Impact of oceanographicevents on recruitment

Metapopulation input to

management strategies

Biodiversity

Taxonomic baselines

Biology of critical speciesDefining critical habitat Products for

End Users

2008-2013