Patterns of Physical Geography

Use the Unit Atlas to add to your knowledgeof Europe. As you look at the maps and charts,notice geographicpatterns and specificdetails about the region.For example, the chartgives details about therivers and mountains of Europe.

After studying thegraphs and physical mapon these two pages, jotdown answers to thequestions below in yournotebook.

Making Comparisons1. Compare Europe’s size

and population to that of

the United States. Based

on that data, how might

the population densities

of the two compare?

2. Compare Europe’s

longest river, the Danube,

to the Mississippi. How

much difference is there

in the lengths?

3. Which countries have

many mountains? How

might those mountains

affect human life there?

262 UNIT 4

Mt. Everest Nepal-Tibet

29,035 feet

Mont Blanc France-Italy

15,771 feet

Monte Rosa Switzerland-Italy

15,203 feet

Dom

Switzerland

14,913 feet

World’s Tallest U.S. Tallest

Mt. McKinleyUnited States

20,320 feet

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Nile4,160 miles

Mississippi2,357 miles

Danube1,776 miles

Rhine820 miles

Elbe724 miles

Length (in miles)

Europe

1,888,688 sq mi

ContinentalUnited States

3,165,630 sq mi

Comparing Data

Landmass

Rivers

Mountains

Population

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

United States281,422,000

Europe510,898,860

Population (in millions)

World’s Longest

U.S. Longest

For updated statistics on Europe . . .

DATA UPDATECLASSZONE .COM

Ebro R.

Rhô

ne R

.

Po R.

Danube R.

Danube R.

Oder R.

Elbe R.

Rhine

R.

Se ine R.

Vistula R.

Loire R.

Tag us R.

NORTHERN EUROPEANPLAIN

CARPATHIAN

MT

S.

B A L K A N M TS.

A P E N

NI N

ES

PYRENEES

Jutland

CapeSt. Vincent

MASSIF

CENTRAL

MESETA

IJSSELMEER

BLAC

K F

ORE

ST

HIGHLANDS

PELOPONNESUS

Land's End

Cape Finisterre

A L P S

Balearic Is.

Hebrid

es

Shetland Is.

Faroe Is.

OrkneyIs.

Channel Is.

Majorca Minorca

Sardinia

Corsica

BRITISHISLES

Sicily

Elba

Crete

Rhodes

Cyclades

Öland I.

Gotland

ICELAND

UNITEDKINGDOM

IRELAND

SPAIN

FRANCE

ANDORRA

ITALY

GERMANY

BELGIUM

LUXEMBOURG

POLAND

CZECH REPUBLIC

SLOVAKIA

HUNGARY

CROATIA

BOSNIA &HERZEGOVINA

AUSTRIA

SLOVENIA

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIA

GREECE

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

MOLDOVA

UKRAINE

RUSSIA

RUSSIA

BELARUS

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

ESTONIA

LATVIA

LITHUANIA

MONACO

LIECHTENSTEIN

NETHERLANDS

SANMARINO

VATICANCITY

MALTA

PORTUGAL

SWITZERLAND

MACEDONIA

DENMARK

ALGERIATUNISIA

LIBYAEGYPT

TURKEY

Mt. Blanc15,771 ft.

(4,807 m.)

Mt. Etna10,902 ft.

(3,323 m.)

English Channel

Norwegian Sea

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

N o r t hS e a

Bayof

Biscay

TyrrhenianSea

Strait ofGibraltar

BlackSea

Baltic

Sea

Adriatic

Sea

Aegean

Sea

Gulf ofBothnia

M e d i t e r r a n e a n

S e a

40°N

50°N

60°N

Arctic Circle

20°E

20°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E10°W

Elevation

Mountain peak

(4,000 m.)(2,000 m.)

(500 m.)(200 m.)

(0 m.)Below sea level

13,100 ft.6,600 ft.1,600 ft.

650 ft.0 ft.

Glacier

0

0 250 500 kilometers

250 500 miles

Azimuthal Equidistant Projection

N

S

EW

Europe: Physical

EUR

OP

E

263

Canary Is.(Sp.)

Madeira Is.(Port.)

Patterns of Human Geography

264 UNIT 4

After World War I(1914–1918), the politicalmap of Europe changedradically. Empiresdisappeared, and newcountries were born.Study the political mapsof Europe in 1914 andEurope today to see whatchanges took place in the20th century. Thenanswer these questionsin your notebook.

Making Comparisons1. Which nations appear on

the map of Europe today

but don’t appear on the

1914 map?

2. Which nations existed in

1914 but no longer exist

today?

3. Which nations are larger

now than they were in

1914?

4. Which nations are smaller

than they were in 1914?

Norwegian Sea

A T L A N T I CO C E A N N o r t h

S e a

Bayof

Biscay

BlackSea

Baltic

Sea

Adriatic

Sea

M e d i t e r r a n e a n

S e a

40°N

50°N

30°W 20°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E10°WArctic Circle

Madrid

Rome

Paris

Athens

Bucharest

Sofia Constantinople

Lisbon

Bern

Tiranë

London

StockholmPetrogradChristiania

Vienna

Luxembourg

Brussels

AmsterdamBerlin

Copenhagen

Belgrade

U N I T E D K I N G D O M

SPAIN

F R A N C E

ITALY

GERMANYBELGIUM

LUXEMBOURG

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

SERBIA

ALBANIA

MONTENEGRO

GREECE

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

R U S S I A

NORWAY

SWEDENFINLAND

(Rus.)

ICELAND(Den.)

NETHERLANDS

PORTUGAL

SWITZERLAND

DENMARK

OTTOMANEMPIRE

0

0 250 500 kilometers

250 500 miles

Azimuthal Equidistant Projection

N

S

E

W

Europe, 1914

This map shows the nations of Europe in

1914, before the outbreak of World War I.

Bordeaux

Naples

Hamburg

Marseille

Seville

Barcelona

Milan Venice

Göteborg

Poznan

Tampere

Trondheim

Graz

Bergen

Portsmouth

Nantes

Cork

Glasgow

EdinburghBelfast

Frankfurt

´

Madrid

Rome

Paris

Athens

Budapest

Bucharest

Sofia

Lisbon

Bern

Ljubljana

Sarajevo

Tiranë

Zagreb

London

Stockholm

Helsinki

Dublin

Reykjavík

Oslo

Vienna

Warsaw

Prague

Bratislava

Luxembourg

Brussels

AmsterdamBerlin

Copenhagen

Belgrade

Skopje

Valletta

FaroeIslands(Den.)

Shetland Is.(Br.)

Corsica(Fr.)

Crete(Gr.)

Sardinia(It.)

Balearic Islands(Sp.)

Sicily(It.)

ICELAND

UNITEDKINGDOMIRELAND

SPAIN

FRANCE

ANDORRA

ITALY

GERMANYBELGIUM

LUXEMBOURG

POLAND

CZECH REPUBLIC

SLOVAKIA

HUNGARY

CROATIABOSNIA &

HERZEGOVINA

AUSTRIA

SLOVENIA

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIA

GREECE

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

MOLDOVA

UKRAINE

RUSSIA

RUSSIA

BELARUS

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

ESTONIA

LATVIA

LITHUANIA

MONACO

LIECHTENSTEIN

NETHERLANDS

SANMARINO

MALTA

PORTUGAL

SWITZERLAND

MACEDONIA

DENMARK

MOROCCOALGERIA

TUNISIA

LIBYA EGYPT

TURKEY

VATICANCITY

English Channel

Norwegian Sea

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

N o r t hS e a

Bayof

Biscay

TyrrhenianSea

BlackSea

Baltic

Sea

Adriatic

Sea

Aegean

Sea

Gulf ofBothnia

M e d i t e r r a n e a n

S e a

40°N

50°N

60°N

Arctic Circle

20°E10°E

20°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E10°W

N

S

EWNational capital

Other city

0

0 250 500 kilometers

250 500 miles

Azimuthal Equidisant Projection

265

Europe: Political

EUR

OP

E

Norwegian Sea

A T L A N T I CO C E A N

N o r t hS e a

BlackSea

Bayof

Biscay

Balt ic

Sea

Adriatic

Sea

M e d i t e r r a n e a n

S e a

40°N

50°N

60°N

Arctic Circle

40°W 30°W 20°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E10°W

Semiarid

Mediterranean

Marine west coast

Humid subtropical

Humid continental

Subarctic

Tundra

Highland

0

0 250 500 kilometers

250 500 miles

Azimuthal Equidistant ProjectionN

S

EW

266 UNIT 4

Regional Patterns

These two pages containa pie graph and threethematic maps. The piegraph shows the religionsof Europe. The mapsshow other importantfeatures of Europe: itsgenerally mild climate,its diversity of languages,and its high populationdensity. After studyingthese two pages, answerthe questions below inyour notebook.

Making Comparisons1. Where are the coldest

climates to be found in

Europe? Is the population

density high or low in

those areas? Give

possible reasons for

that pattern.

2. What do you notice about

the number of languages

in Europe? Do they

belong to one language

group or several? Explain

whether the pattern of

languages would be

more likely to increase

or decrease conflict in

the region.

* Does not include Andorra, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, San Marino, or the Vatican

SOURCE: CIA World Factbook, 1999

Other 15%

Judaism 0.2%

Islam 2.2%

Eastern Orthodox 8.8%

Protestant 18.8%

Roman Catholic 55%

Major Religions of Europe*

Climates of Europe

Norwegian Sea

A T L A N T I CO C E A N

N o r t hS e a

Bayof

Biscay

Black Sea

Baltic

Sea

AdriaticSea

Mediterranean

Sea

Icelandic

Norwegian

Swedish

Sami

Finnish

Polish

CzechAlsatian

German

Slovak

HungarianRomanian

Bulgarian

Greek

Italian

French

DutchEnglish

WelshEnglish

English

Faeroese

IrishGaelic

ScotsGaelic

Frisian

Breton

Galician

Catalan

ProvençalBasque

SpanishPortuguese

Danish

MacedonianAlbanian

Serbo-Croatian

Slovene

Germanic

Romance

Slavic

Celtic

Hellenic

Illyrian

Finno-Ugric

Major Indo-European Branches

Other Indo-European Branches

Uralic Language Family

Basque

Areas with significantconcentrations of otherlanguages (usuallyadjacent national languages)

Spoken language

Other Languages

French

0

0 250 500 kilometers

250 500 miles

Azimuthal Equidistant Projection

N

S

E

W

Madrid

Rome

Paris

Athens

Budapest

Bucharest

SofiaLisbon

BernLjubljana

Sarajevo

Tiranë

Zagreb

London

Stockholm

Helsinki

Dublin

Reykjavík

Oslo

Vienna

Warsaw

Prague

Bratislava

Luxembourg

Brussels

AmsterdamBerlin

Copenhagen

Belgrade

Skopje

Valletta

Norwegian Sea

A T L A N T I CO C E A N

N o r t hS e a

Bayof

Biscay

Black Sea

Baltic

Sea

Adriatic

Sea

M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a

30°E

30°N

40°N

40°N

50°N

60°N

Arctic Circle

20°E10°E0°10°W20°W

Personsper

sq mi

Personspersq km

Over 520260–519130–259

25–1291–24

0

Over 200100–19950–9910–491–90

0

0 250 500 kilometers

250 500 miles

Azimuthal Equidistant Projection

N

S

E

W

Languages of Europe

Population Density of Europe

267

EUR

OP

E