patterns in human geography - portage & main press€¦ · · 2011-04-08population...

Patterns in Human GeographyUnit 1

Jennette MacKenzie, Ruth Hay, and Susan Green

Student Name:

Reading Geography Series

8

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Portage & Main Press

© 2009 Jennette MacKenzie, Ruth Hay, and Susan Green

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic, or mechanical – without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Illustrations: Jess Dixon

Printed and bound in Canada by Friesens.

The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and obtain their permission for the use of copyrighted material in this publication. If insufficient recognition has been shown, please contact the publisher, below, so it can be corrected in the next edition.

Titles in the Reading Geography 8 series

Unit 1: Patterns in Human GeographyISBN: 978-1-55379-205-5

Unit 2: Economic SystemsISBN: 978-1-55379-204-8

Unit 3: MigrationISBN: 978-1-55379-202-4 Teacher’s GuideISBN: 978-1-55379-206-2

Reading Geography 8 SetISBN: 978-1-55379-201-7

100-318 McDermot AvenueWinnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3A 0A2

Email: [email protected] Free: 1-800-667-9673Fax: 1-866-734-8477

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Anticipation Guide ................................................................................. 3

Settlement Patterns ............................................................................... 4

Strategies for Learning: Visualize

Site and Situation .................................................................................. 6

Strategies for Learning: Make Connections

A Real World View: “To Arrive, Survive, and Thrive”…………………….……9

Population Distribution ......................................................................... 10

Strategies for Learning: Look for the Main Idea

A Real World View: Canada’s Population ................................................ 13

Population Density ............................................................................... 14

Strategies for Learning: Make Inferences

A Real World View: Population Pressure ................................................ 17

Check Your Understanding ................................................................... 18

Study Notes ........................................................................................ 19

Land Use ............................................................................................ 20

Strategies for Learning: Make Connections

A Real World View: Urban Land Use ...................................................... 23

Factors Affecting Urbanization .............................................................. 24

Strategies for Learning: Monitor and Check

A Real World View: One Planet, One People ........................................... 27

Check Your Understanding ................................................................... 28

Study Notes ........................................................................................ 29

Unit Summary ..................................................................................... 30

Reflect on My Learning......................................................................... 31

Table of Contents

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Reading Geography 3

Statement

Agree or Reasons

After Disagree Reading

Anticipation Guide

Human geography is the study of population patterns. It looks at how people are spread across a country and around the world, where people settle, how people use the land, and where they work.

Read each statement below and decide whether you agree or disagree with it. Jot down your reasons for your decision. Do not fill in the last column until you have learned more information.

Most successful cities are located by or near water.

As their population grows, some countries find ways to create new land.

More people live in places where the land is low and flat.

Only 1/8 of all the land on Earth is available for human development.

Sixty percent of the world’s population will live in cities by 2030.

Technology has made it possible to run farms with fewer and fewer people.

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14 Patterns in Human Geography

Population density is the measurement of the number of people in a particular area.

Imagine all the students in your classroom. Each student has a desk or table to work at and a chair to sit on. Everyone has a comfortable amount of space around him or her to make working or talking easier. The population density of your classroom is low when everyone is spread over the available fl oor space.

Now imagine all the students have moved into one corner of the classroom. There would be nowhere to work. Elbows and feet would be very close and faces would be almost touching. The population density of your classroom is high when everyone is crowded into a much smaller fl oor space.

Remember…Population density refers to the number of people in a particular area.

As you read, make inferences. The text does not always tell you all the information. Think about what you already know and what clues are in the text. Use this information to come to a new learning not stated in the text. Underline parts of the text that helped you make an inference.

Strategies for LearningStrategies for LearningStrategies for Learning

Population Density

Persons persquare kilometre

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1 - 4

5 - 24

25 - 249

250 - 999

1000 +

The darker the colour in the map above, the higher the population density of the area. What pattern do you see?

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World Population Density

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Reading Geography 15

More than half the world’s population lives in a location that has a high population density. In a 2007 list of cities with the greatest populations, Toronto was ranked number 97. Toronto has a population density of 2650 people per square kilometre. (One square kilometre is about 6 city blocks.) Beijing, the capital of China, has a population density of 11 500 people per square kilometre.

A range of natural and human factors affects population density.

Beijing has almost 9000 more people living in the same square-kilometre space than Toronto does.

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Remember…There are natural factors and human factors that affect population density.

Natural Factors High Density Low Density

Human Factors High Density Low Density

Landforms

Resources

Climate

Low, flat land

Rich in resources (forests, oil, water, etc.); rich soil

Temperate, with enough rain and heat to grow crops

Mountainous terrain

Few resources

Extremely hot or cold

Political

Social

Economic

Stable government

Groups of people live close to each other

Many job opportunities

Unstable government; people migrate

Groups of people are isolated

Few or no jobs

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Think About Your Reading

1. How is population density measured?

2. What are the six factors that affect population density?

3. (a) Identify one inference you made while reading.

(b) Explain how you made this inference.

4. Some scientists predict that by 2050 people will live on average almost 20 years longer than they do now. Here are some other observations about the near future:

• The population in Asia is growing at a faster rate than in any other continent.

• As populations grow, there is less land for people to live on.

• As the Earth’s population grows, feeding everyone may become more difficult.

• Medical science may not be able to find easy cures for new diseases or prevent pandemics, such as bird flu, from spreading.

• No one knows for sure how climate change will affect people.

Do you think people will live longer? Explain your thinking.

The chart on page 15 said more people live in temperate climates than in cold climates. I thought about what I already know about northern Canada. I made an inference that people prefer to live in temperate climates because growing food and transporting products is easier. In extremely cold climates, where it is dark much of the year, growing food is almost impossible and it is difficult to build and maintain roads. Supplies must arrive by airplane, which is expensive.

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A Re

al World View

The world’s population has more than doubled in the last fifty years. In 2009, there were 6.8 billion people in the world. By 2050, the world population is expected to be 9.2 billion, of which more than 5 billion will be living in cities. The greatest population growth is expected to take place in less developed countries and in the poorest urban areas. In the coming years, overcoming poverty will be a major issue. It will be difficult to provide enough housing, education, healthcare, and social services so that the poor can improve their lives.

Population Pressure

?Make Connections

Think about your own school. Picture what it would be like if the number of students in your school doubled in size tomorrow. What problems would it create? Connect this to the problems the world will face as the population grows.

What problems might occur if the world’s population continues to grow?

Source: UN

World Population Growth 1950 to 2050

1950 1975 2000 2030 2050

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Bill

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Peop

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Pause and think about what you have learned. The following activities will help you review your learning.

Check Your Vocabulary

In your own words, write a definition of the following terms:

clustered settlement (page 4)

linear settlement (page 4)

scattered settlement (page 4)

site and situation (page 6)

population distribution (page 10)

Check Your Reading Strategies

You used the strategies visualize, make connections, look for the main idea, and make inferences to help you understand the text. Which strategy helped you the most? How did it help you?

Check Your Learning

Look back at the Anticipation Guide you completed on page 3. Reread your responses for the first three rows. Would you change any of your answers? Why? What did you learn about population patterns that was new or surprising?

Check Your Understanding

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Use the two columns of the graphic organizer to help you remember what you have learned. Take a blank piece of paper and cover the column labelled Details. Read each item in the column labelled Important Ideas and write down the details about each one. Remove the paper and check your answers.

Study Notes

Important Ideas Details

Three Patterns of Settlement • Cluster Pattern: houses, towns, or villages grouped closely together; cities, towns

• Scattered Pattern: houses scattered; no settlement pattern; found mainly in rural areas

• Linear Pattern: houses or settlements narrowly grouped along a river, road, or valley.

Site and Situation • Site: where a settlement is located; a site has certain physical features.

• Situation: a settlement’s location in relation to other places and physical features.

Factors Affecting Population • History: places with a long history often Distribution have larger populations

• Natural Environment: places near water and natural resources have more people

• Technology: places with good transportation or reclaimed land have larger populations

• Immigration Trends: countries with stable governments and good living conditions attract more immigrants

How Population Density • Population density is measured by the number of Is Measured people per square kilometre

Six Factors that Affect • Landforms: (e.g., low, flat land)

• Climate: (e.g., temperate climate)

• Natural Resources: (e.g., nearness to as water, forests, fuel)

• Political: (e.g., stable government)

• Social: (e.g., nearness of other people)

• Economic: (e.g., opportunities for jobs)

Population Density

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Unit

Sum

mar

y: P

atte

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in H

uman

Geo

grap

hy

Popu

lati

on

Patt

erns

Urb

aniz

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Sett

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Popu

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Dis

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Fact

ors

Affe

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Den

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Hum

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Fact

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Affe

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Popu

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• N

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Patt

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Fact

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Affe

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ituat

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Nat

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Fac

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• L

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• R

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• C

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Fact

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Affe

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izat

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• T

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• G

over

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• R

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• In

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• C

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Reflect on My Learning

Three new things I learned:

1.

2.

3.

Two things I already knew:

1.

2.

One thing I still have a question about:

1.

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patterns in human geography - portage & main press€¦ · · 2011-04-08population...

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