Integrated coastal management

and marine governance through

marine spatial planning marine spatial planning Patrick McConney

CERMES, UWI

Overview

� Why focus on marine spatial planning (MSP)?

� Where are we, and where do we want to go?� Where are we, and where do we want to go?

� New directions and initiatives to get us there

Why focus on marine spatial planning (MSP)?

What is marine spatial planning?

� MSP is a public process of analyzing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectives that usually have been specified through a political usually have been specified through a political process.

� Characteristics of marine spatial planning include

ecosystem-based, area-based, integrated,

adaptive, strategic and participatory.

http://www.unesco-ioc-marinesp.be/marine_spatial_planning_msp

UK context for MSP

• United Kingdom proposed MSP in 2002,

but has only recently begun to implement

• UK took 5 years to pass the Marine and

Coastal Access Act (2009)—authorizes MSPCoastal Access Act (2009)—authorizes MSP

• Act established the Marine Management

Organization (MMO) with responsibility for

MSP in UK territorial waters

• UK Marine Policy Statement (MPS), of

2011 is the framework for MSP

http://www.unesco-ioc-marinesp.be/msp_around_the_world/united_kingdom

What about in the Caribbean?

Shouldn’t MSP be useful

on multiple scales, and

at multiple levels for

multiple purposes here?

HUMAN SYSTEM

Fishing Tourism

Agriculture Shipping

renewable energy in the marine environment

INTEGRATED

COASTAL MANAGEMENT

COASTAL RESOURCE

SYSTEM

Reef fish

Mangrove Seagrass

Coral reef

Social-ecological systems (SES) and

Ecosystem-based management (EBM)

Source: oneocean.org

Global

Building a multi-level policy-cycle based

governance framework

Complete

Linked vertically

DATA AND INFORM-ATION

ANALYSIS AND ADVICE

REVIEW AND EVALUATION

IMPLEMENT-ATION

DECISION MAKING

The (LME) governance framework

Local

National

Regional

Diversity

Linked laterally

vertically

DATA AND INFORM-ATION

ANALYSISAND

ADVICE

Multi-level governance: Policy cycles link policies to stakeholders at multiple levels

-ATION

REVIEW AND

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENT-ATION

DECISION MAKING

Multilevel

linkages

Multi-level spatial planning works

well with multi-level governance

Transboundary

Site-level

Where are we, and where do we want to go?

Networks for effective marine

resource governance in the CaribbeanPatrick McConney, Kemraj Parsram, Robin Mahon,

Carmel Haynes, Shelly-Ann Cox

�Conceptual frameworks for describing / analysing how marine resource governance does and should work in the Caribbean

�Concerns understanding and managing multi-level networks

Core elements to consider

…and some challenges

�Concerns understanding and managing multi-level networks

�Practical application in improving marine resource governance

� change may be difficult to undertake

� create enabling policy environments

� facilitate self-organisation of actors

� use social science skills, partnerships

� adaptive management, uncertainty

� leadership, champions, change agents

MPA projects incorporate resilience

concepts, socio-economics, adaptive

governance, etc.

17

e.g. Negril Marine Park, Jamaica

Several ICM and governance tools are in use

18

Developing a PGIS to support transboundary MSP for the Grenadine Islands

Kimberly Baldwin

A Transboundary Marine

Resource & Space-use

Information System

To facilitate MSP &

sustainable

developmentdevelopment

– By integrating scientific

information & local

knowledge

In a transparent & participatory fashion

involving a variety of stakeholders

MarSIS has information on…

Marine habitats*• reefs, mangroves, seagrass beds, beaches, rocky shores

Infrastructure • seaports, marinas, jetties, roads, hotels, desalination plants

Marine resource users*• Dive shops, tourism facilities, fish landing sites, communities, etc.• Dive shops, tourism facilities, fish landing sites, communities, etc.

Marine space-use*• anchorages, dive sites, fishing grounds, shipping lanes, recreation areas

Sensitive biological & heritage areas*• sea turtle nesting beaches, seabird nesting sites, marine protected areas,

nursery grounds, historical sites, shipwrecks

Areas of threat*• sand-mining, beach erosion, dumping, land-based sources of marine pollution,

mangrove cutting

New directions and initiatives to get us there

(Ehler and Douvere 2009, step-by-step approach)

Characteristics of effective MSP

1. authoritative

2. participatory

3. ecosystem-based

What is the experience with renewable energy in the marine environment?

3. ecosystem-based

4. integrated

5. future-oriented

6. adaptive(Ehler and Douvere 2010)

If different in different regions or geographies, what are the differences, and the consequences of differences for practice?

Summary

� Most countries practice some level of ICM at least for MPAs

� Marine renewable energy and industries are not prominent

� Comprehensive marine resource governance is still young

� Marine spatial planning offers a route for mutual benefit

� Increased use of MSP can include marine renewable energy

� The conceptual and practical examples can be built upon

� Multi-level governance with linked policy cycles is a start