(pathway a) same - methylation support · dhf dhfr 10 formylthf (to pathway c) tyms adenosine...
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MTHFD1
MTHFD1
5 Methyl THF
Cobalamin 1
CH3
Purines (new DNA)
SHMT1 5-Formyl THF"(folinic acid)
MTHFS
MTR
Raw "Leafy "Greens
MTHFR
MAT1
Methyl "Cobalamin
TMG (betaine)"derived from Choline (PC) derived from PE, derived from PS
DMG"to Sarcosine"via DMGDH
5-10 Methenyl THF
MTHFD1
5,10 Methenylene THF
THF
FOLR2
Homocysteine
Methionine
MTRR
BHMT
Cobalamin 2" (oxidized)
SAMe to:"1) Contribute methyl groups (CH3) for DNA,
RNA, Protein, and Lipid synthesis"2) Convert Guanidinoacetate to Creatine via
GAMT enzyme (for energy, muscle)"3) Convert Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)
to phosphatidylcholine (PC) via PEMT enzyme in the presence of estrogen (for cell membrane phospholipids and more)
SAMe
CoFactors for Pathway A enzymes:!Vitamins: B2, B3, B6"Minerals: Mg, Zn"Other: ATP, NADP+, NADPH, NAD, d-UMP, SAMe
(Pathway A)"" METHYLATION & !METHIONINE /HOMOCYSTEINE! PATHWAYS
AHCY
FOLR1
Folic Acid"(synthetic)
DHF DHFR
10 FormylTHF
(to PATHWAY C)
TYMS
Adenosine
Glycine
(to PATHWAY B)
DHFR Biopterine Recycling
SAH GNMT
NOTE:"SLC19A1-Folate transport protein""TCN1, 2, 3 -"B12 transport protein
DNA !Synthesis
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(Pathway B)"" TRANS-SULFURATION! PATHWAY
Homocysteine
CDOCysteine "sulfinate
Taurine
Pyrurate & Sulfite
Cystathionine
Sulfate
Glutathione"(GSS,GSR, GSX)
Cysteine & " Ammonia " (NH3)
MUT
Succinyl-CoA
Alpha-Ketobutyrate
Methyl Malyonyl CoA
KREBS CYCLE
Fatty Acids
Amino Acids
Carbohydrates
From well assimilated Food, and healthy GI
ATP
Cofactors for methylation; big need for Vit B1, B2 and B3 in Krebs Cycle, and Thyroid health
ATP is Energy for cell function. High energy cells include muscles, heart and parietal cells of stomach.
CoFactors for Pathway B enzymes:!Vitamins: Adenosyl-cobalamine (Adeno B12), B1, B2,B3, B6"Minerals: Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mb, Se"Other: ATP, FAD, NAD, NADP (Krebs Cycle)
GSS
NOTE: If CBS C699T, then potential up regulation of CBS, and high ammonia and low glutathione
NADH, FADH2
(to Pathway B1)"ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
CBS
CTH
CSADSUOX
Hypotaurine
(to Pathway D)"NEUROTRANSMITTER!PATHWAY; GLUTAMATE & GABA
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(Pathway C)"NEURO-TRANSMITTER !PATHWAY; SEROTONIN & DOPAMINE
DHFR
Biopterine Recycling
Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophan Arginine
PAH TH NOS3
NO + Citrulline5-HTPTyrosineBH2
DDCSerotonin Melatonin
MAO A
5-HIA
ALDH2
5-HIAA
SULT1A1
SULT1A2
5-HTS
L-DOPA
Dopamine
ALDHIB
DBH
Nor-Epinephrine
PNMT
Epinephrine
COMT
Metanephrine
MAO A
MHPG
VMA
ALDH3A2
3,4 DHPG"aldehyde"
MAO A
3,4 DHM
ALDH2
COMT
COMT
HVA
3 Methoxy-tyramine
MAO A
MAO B
from, (PATHWAY A)
AANAT
CoFactors for Pathway C enzymes:!Vitamins: B1, B5, B6"Minerals: Fe"Other: SAMe, FAD, NAD, NADP (Krebs Cycle)
GCH1
BH4
DDC
TPH1
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2H+"
2H+"
2H+"
6H+"
3ATP"
3ADP" and" 3P
FAD"
FAD H2"
NAD+"NADH" and" H+
COMPLEX 5""ATP5g3"ATP5c1""
COMPLEX 4""COX5A"COX6C""
COMPLEX 3""UQCRC2""
COMPLEX 2""COMPLEX 1""NDUFS3"NDUFS7"NDUFS8
KREBS CYCLE
Inner Mitochondrial
Membrane
Electron!Transport!Chain!
Outer"Mitochondrial"
Membrane"
Cell Cytoplasm!
1/2 O2 + 2e- + 2H+"
OH+"
H2O"
Inter-membrane!Space (electrical!gradient there between)!
NOTE: Mitochondria “power plants”, in every cell except RBCs, have an inner and outer membrane. The Kreb’s Cycle takes place inside the Inner Membrane, while the Electron Transport Chain functions within the inner membrane, using the electrical gradient between the inner and outer membrane. Healthy membranes are key, as are good assimilation of fats, carbs and proteins (e.g., healthy GI function) which drive the Krebs cycle, along with Vitamins B1, B2 and B3.
SOD2
mtNOS ?
CoQ10"
(Pathway B1)"ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
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