Cell Injury

Def

Causes

Mechanism

CellularResponse

Adaptation

Hypertrophy types

Hyperplasia types

Atrophy types

Metaplasia types

Reversiblechange "degeneration"

disturbance of water metabolism

disturbed fatmetabolism

fatty changes (steatosis)

obesity

disturbedmucopolysaccharidemetabolism

mucoid deg

myxomatous deg

hyaline changeintracellular

extracellular

Irreversiblechange"necrosis"

necrosis

coagulative

liquefactive

caseous

fat

fibrinoid

gangrene

dry

moist

infective

gas

lung

cancrum oris

phagedena

Fournier's

intestinalmoist gangrene of limbsbed sores

apoptosis typesphysiological

pathological

Cell Injury.mmap - 22/6/2011 - Mindjet

II) Tissuedeposits

Intracellularaccumulation

endogenouspigment

melaninlipofuscin

hemosiderinprimary hemochromatosissecondary iron overload

exogenouspigment

inhaled particlesanthracosissilicosis

ingested particles

Extracellulardeposits

Gout

Pathologicalcalcification

Dystrophicdegenerated tissuedead tissue

metastatic calcification

Amyloidosis

classification

localized

systemicprimary

secondary

morphology

liver

spleenfocal typediffuse type

kidneyGITheartendocrine glands

II) Tissue deposits.mmap - 22/6/2011 - Mindjet

Inflammation

Acute

reactions

local

vascularchange

change in caliber

slowing of blood stream

formation of fluid exudate

cellularevents

Leukocytesrecruitmentandactivation

margination

rolling

adhesion

transmigration

inflammatory fluid exudate

chemotaxis

phagocytosis

recognition andattachment

engulfment

killing anddegradation

local reaction of macrophages

leukocytes induced tissue damage

generalchanges in blood cells

changes in organ

cardinal signs and symptoms

types

non-suppurative

catarrhal

fibrinous

serous

serofibrinous

membranous

allergic

hemorrhagic

necrotizing

suppurativelocalized

abscess

carbuncle

diffuse

fate

chroniccauses

types

functions of macrophages

Inflammation.mmap - 22/6/2011 - Mindjet

Repair

Proliferativecapacity oftissue

I) repair byregeneration

factorsaffecting

type of tissuegrowth factorstructurally and functionallyintact residual tissue

examplessurface epi.parenchymatous organ

II) repair by CTdeposition (fibrosis)

conditions

steps

mechanism

angiogenesisfibrogenesisscar formation

Healing ofwound

Primary union (healingby first intention)

Secondary union (healingby secondary union)

Complications

Repair inspecializedtissue

bonefracture

reactive phasereparative phase

remodelling phase

nervoustissue

CNSperipheral

Repair.mmap - 23/6/2011 - Mindjet

CirculatoryDisturbance

Thrombosis

factor

damage to vascular endothelium

change in blood streamchange in blood constituents

mechanism

pathogenesis

types

morphologyinfection

site

fate

complications

Embolism

thrombo-embolism

pulmonary embolism

gas embolism

fat embolism

amniotic fluid embolism

parasitic embolism

tumor emboli

ischemiafactor

types

effect

infarction

types

colour : red or pale

bacterial : septic or aseptic

blood vessel : arterial or venoussmall/large, single/multiple, recent/healed

examples

heart

brainintestinal

pulmonary

liverkidney

spleen

hemorrhage

causes

types

mechanism

effect

compensatory mech.

shock

types

stages

patho.

outcome

post mortem change

Circulatory Disturbance.mmap - 21/6/2011 - Mindjet

Immunopathology

Immunity

Immune response

type

natural (non-specific)

acquired (specific)

active

passive

passive-active

cellular basis

lymphocytes

macrophages

dendritic cells of lymphoid tissue

Langerhans cells of skin

Immune-mediateddisorder

hypersensitivitytypes

anaphylactic

definition

pathogenesis

clinical disordersystemic

local

cytotoxic types

complement mediated reaction

antibody-dependent cell-mediatedcytotoxicity (ADCC)

antibody-mediated cell dysfunction

type III

pathogenesis

clinical eg.systemic immune complex

localized immune complex

type IV(cell-mediated) types

delayed

T-cell mediated toxicity

autoimmunedisease

def.

tolerance

pathogenesis

clinical example

immunodeficiency syndromeprimary (congenital)

secondary

immunological complications of organtransplantations

Human Leukocytes Antigen (HLA) system

A) Transplant rejection

hyperacute

acute

chronic

B) Graft-versus host disease (GVHD)

Immunopathology.mmap - 22/6/2011 - Mindjet

BacterialInfection

def, mode

effects

toxemia

bacteraemia

septicemia

sapraemia

pyaemiasystemic

portal

leprosy (Hansen disease)Tuberculoid Leprosy

Lepromatous Leprosy

syphilis

method infectionsexualblood

classification

acquired

primary stage chancre

secondarystage

skin rashes

condyloma latummucous patches

generalized lymphadenopathygeneral

tertiary stage

gumma

diffuse syphlitic inflammation

CVSheart

syphilitis aortitissyphilitis arteritis

GITlips

tongueliver

testislarynxbone

CNS

meningio-vascular neurosyphlis

parenchymatoussyphilis

Tabes Dorsalisgeneral paralysisof insane

congenital

abortion

stillbirthliving with syphilitic manifestation

actinomycosiscervico-facial actinomycosis

pulmonary actinomycosis

intestinal actinomycosis

tuberculosis

causative organism

predisposing factor

routes of infection

tissue reactionproliferative (tubercle)

exudative

spread

presentation

primary TBsecondary TB

miliary TB

site

pulmonaryTB

primary(primarycomplex)

Triad

fate

healing

spreadencapsulationand reactivation

secondary

typesoflesion

healed apical (fibrotic TB)chronicfibrocaseousTB

apical lesionacinar lesion

lymph nodeacute pulmonary TB

acute miliary TBcomplications

TB of tonsilsprimary

secondary

TB of intestineprimary

secondary

TB of peritoneum

ascitic or wet typedry or adhesive type

caseous type

encapsulated type

TB of urinary tractkidney

urinary bladder

TB of genital organmale

female

TB of bones and joints

long bone

short boneflat bone

vertebrae(Pott disease)

deformitycold abscess

paraplegia

jointsTB of nervous system

TB of skinprimary

secondary

TB of heart

tuberculous pericarditis

tuberculos myocarditistuberculous endocarditis

TB of lymph node

Bacterial Infection.mmap - 23/6/2011 - Mindjet

Mycotic disease andviral infection

Mycotic diseaseMycetoma Pedis (Nocardiasis)

Moniliasis (Candidiasis)

Viral infection

Mumps virus

Measles virus

German measles (Rubella)

Cytomegalovirus

Mycotic disease and viral infection.mmap - 23/6/2011 - Mindjet

Parasiticdisease

Bilharzial(Shistosomiasis)

Intestinal

congestionsandy patchesulcerspolyps

fibrosis

liverfine or diffuse periportal fibrosiscoarse bilharzial fibrosis

spleen

urinary bladder

ureter

genital organmalefemale

lung

Malariabening

malignant

Ankylostomiasis

Leishmaniasis

cutaneous leishmaniasis(oriental sore)

visceral leishmaniasis

mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Hydatid disease

Filariasis

Non-infectious granulomas(Sarcoidosis)

Parasitic disease.mmap - 23/6/2011 - Mindjet

Disturbanceof growth

congenitalanomalies

agenesis

hypoplasia

failure of fusion

failure of separation

malformation

supernumary organs

ectopia-heterotopia

choristoma

causes anomalies in infanthamartoma

ageingmech.

DNA damagedecreasedcellular replicationaccumulation ofmetabolic damage

dysplasiaCarcinoma in situ

Disturbance of growth.mmap - 23/6/2011 - Mindjet

Benign tumor

characters

growthwithin solid tissuesfrom surface

gross picture

tumor encapsulationtumor shape

cut section

mic. pic.cell morphologystructure

behavior

may be harmful to the host :

can be diagnosed as undergoingmalignant trans. :

BenignEpithelialTumor

Papilloma

squamous cell papilloma

transitional cell papillomaduct papilloma

adenoma

simple adenoma

fibroadenomacystadenoma

papillary cystadenoma

BenignMesenchymalTumor

Fibroma

Lipoma

Chondroma

OsteomaOsteoid osteoma

compact osteoma

myxoma

leiomyoma

rhabdomyoma

Benign Lesionof vessels

HemangiomasCapillary

Cavernous

Lymphangiomassimple

cavernous

Benign tumor.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet

Malignant Tumor

Characters

growth

gross pic

sizeshape

cut section

mic. pic.

cell morphology

stroma

differentiation

comparison betweenmalignant and benign

malignant epithelialtumor (carcinoma)

definition

general features

mic picture

distant spread

types

malignant mesenchymaltumor (sarcoma)

def

general features

gross pic

mic pic.

spread

comparison betweencarcinoma and sarcoma

malignantspread

local

distant

lymphaticlymphatic embolism

lymphatic permeation

blood

mech

course of tumor emboli

organ metastasis

trans-coelomicsite

implantation

metastaticcascade

invasionECM

detachment of tumorcell from each other

attachment to matrixcomponents

degradation of ECM

migration of tumor cell

vascular dissemination andhoming of tumor cell

grading of tumor

staging of tumor

prognosis of malignant tumor

Malignant Tumor.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet

Malignant Tumor (II)

Malignantepithelial tumor

carcinoma ofsurface epi.

squamous cell carcinomatransitional cell carcinoam

carcinoma ofglandular origin

adenocarcinoma

mucin secreting carcinomacarcinoma simplex

Malignantmesenchymal tumor

liposarcoma

fibrosarcoma

leiomyosarcoma

rhabdomyosarcoma

embryonalpleomorphic

alveolar

locally malignant tumor basal cell carcinoma

Malignant Tumor (II).mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet

Other tumor

miscellaneoustumor

pigmentedtumor

nevocellular navi

congenital nevi

malignantmelanoma

lateral growthphase

vertical growthphase

teratoma

mature benign

immature malignant

monodermal"specialized" teratoma

embryonic tumor

effect of tumor on host

local effect

hormone production

cancer cachexia

paraneoplastic syndrome

precancerous lesion

aetiologyof cancer

co-carcinogens

carcinogens

chemical

radiation

viralDNA

RNA

hormones

tumor genesis

multistep theory

theory of genetic mutation

failure of immune surveillance

viral oncogenesis

Other tumor.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet

Vitamindeficiency

fatsolublevitamin

vit A def.

eyes

skin

trachea and bronchi

renal pelvis

vit D def.ricketsosteomalacia

vit E def.

vit K def.

watersolublevitamins

vit. Bcomplex

thiamine(vit B1)

dry beri-beri

wt beri-beri

wernicke-korsakoffsyndrome

riboflavin (vit B2)

niacin pellagra

folic acid

cobalamin (vit B12)

vit C (ascorbic acid)scurvy

Vitamin deficiency.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet

Environmentaldisease

Airpollution

indoors

outdoors

sulfur oxide

nitrogen oxide

CO

CO2volatile organic compound

particulate matter

persistent free radicals

toxic metalsCFC

ammonia

radioactive pollutans

effectspneumoconiosis

Radiation

source

types

non ionizing

ionizingdirect effectindirect effect

effect onspecific tissue

skin

GIT

testis and oarylungs

blood and lymph

bone

other organlong term effect

radiation-induced neoplasm

radiosensitivity of tumor

Tobaccosmoking

CVSatherosclerosis

myocardial infarction

lung

chronic bronchitis

emphysemabronchogenic carcinoma

GIT

pregnancy

Environmental disease.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet

Heart (I)

rheumaticfever

predisposing factor

etiology and pathogenesis

pathologic process

exudative

proliferative

healing

organ

heart

myocarditis

endocarditis

pericarditis

joints

skin

brain (syndenham chorea)

blood vessel

clinical manifestation

complications

endocarditis

acute bacterial endocarditis

subacute bacterial endocarditis

differences between rheumatic,acute and subacute endocaridits

valvular disease

mitral stenosis

mitral incompetence

mitral valve prolapse

aortic incompetence

aortic stenosis

pulmonary stenosis

ischemicheartdisease

causes

dec. coronary blood flow

dec. O2 transport

inc. myocardial demend

manifestation

angina pectoris

stable

unstable

variant angina

myocardialinfarction

risk factor

acute coronaryocclusion

causes

sites

pathogenesis

pathology

complications

hypertensiveheart disease

systemic hypertension

pulmonary hypertension(cor pulmonale)

acute

chronic

Heart (I).mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet

Heart (II)

myocardialdisease

myocarditis

causesinfections

non-infections

picture

gross

mic

viralbacterial

trichinosishypersensitivity

cardiomyopathy (CMP)

congestive (CMP)hypertrophic CMPrestrictive CMP

congenitalheartdisease

acyanoticgroup

ventricular septal defect (VSD)arterial septaldefect (ASD)

ostium primum defect

ostium secundum defectpatent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

coarctationof aorta

preductal coarctation

post-ductal coarctation

cyanoticgroup

transposition ofgreat vessels

common form

corrected transposition

Fallot tetralogy Subtopic

malpositionof heart

ectopia cardia

dextrocardia

pericardialdisease

pericarditis

acute

chronicadhesive

constrictive

pericardial effusion

serouschylous

hemopericardium

heart failureacute

chronic(congestive)

left side HFright side HF

cardiac tumor

myxoma

lipoma

rhabdomyoma

papillary fibroelastoma

Heart (II).mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet

Blood vessel

arteriosclerosis

atherosclerosis(atheroma)

risk factor

pathogenesis

complications

medial calcification(Monkeberg's medial sclerosis)

arteriolosclerosis (diffusehyperplastic sclerosis)

bening

malignant

hypertension essential

benigncardiac lesion

kidney lesion

malignant kidney lesion

secondary

aneurysm

according to naturetrue

false

according to shape

saccular

fusiform

dissecting

according to cause

true

athersclerotic

syphilitic

dissecting

mycotic

congenital

falsesimple

cirsoid

complications

varicose veins

vasculitispolyarteritis nodosa (PAN)

Takayasu's arteritis

Thromboangitis obliterans

tumors

capillary hemangioma

cavernous hemangioma

glomus tumor

angiosarcoma

Kaposi'ssarcoma

classic/European

African

transplant associated

AIDS associated

disease oflymphatics

lymphangitis

lymphedema

Blood vessel.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet

Upperrespiratory tract

nose andparanasalsinuses

rhinosinusitis

acute

allergic

non-allergic

infections

viralbacterialfungal

non-infections

allergicvasomotoroccupationalhormonaldrug-induced

chronic

chronicspecific Rhinoscleroma

cellular phasefibrotic phasecomplications

chronicnon-specific

chronicatropic

primary atrophicsecondary atrophic

chronic hypertrophic

nasal polyp

tumors

benignepithelial : papilloma, mixed salivary glands tumormesenchymal : osteoma, chondroma,fibroma, hemangioma

malignant

epi : trans. & SCC, malignant mixedsalivary gland tumormesenchymal : sarcoma, malignant lymphoma

epistaxis

nasopharynx

inflammation

acute nasopharyngitischronic nasopharyngitisadenoids

tumors

benignepithelialmesenchymal

malignantepithelialmesenchymal

pharynx

inflammationtonsilitis

acute

acute catarrhal tonsilitsacute follicular tonsilitis

membranous tonsilitis

chronicchronic non-specific

chronic specific

tumor

epithelial : squamous cellpapilloma,carcinomamesenchymal : lymphoma

ulcer of tonsil

larynx

inflammationlaryngitis

acutechronic

tumor

benignsquamous cell papilloma

fibroma, hemangioma, chodroma

malignantlaryngeal carcinoma

causes of hoarseness of voice

earinflammationacute suppurative otitis media

chronic suppurative otitis media

Upper respiratory tract.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet

LowerRespiratory Tract

congenitalanomalies

trachea and bronchi acute trachebronchitis

pleura disease

pleurisy

pleural effusion

inflammatory exudatetransudate

hemothorax

chylothoraxpneumothorax

empyema

tumorbenign solitary fibrous tumor

malignant mesothalioma

atelectasis(collapse)

congenital

acquired

resorptioncompression

contraction

acute resp. distress syndrome (ARDS)

pulmonary embolism,hemorrhage and infarction

pulmonary hypertension

chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease (COPD)

emphysema

centriacinarpanacinar

paraeptalirregular

chronic bronchitis

bronchial asthma

intrinsic

extrinsic

drug-inducedoccupational

aspergillosis

bronchiectasis

pneumonia

lobar pneumonia

bronchopneumonia

primary atypical pneumonia

lipoid pneumonia

lung abscess

lungtumor

benign

epi : SCP, cystadenoma, benign clear cellmesodermal : angioma, chondroma,neurofibroma, lipoma, fibroma, leiomyoma

locally malignant : bronchial adenoma(bronchial carcinoid)

malignantprimary

location : central, peripheral, diffuse

predominanthistologic pattern

SCC

adenocarcinomasmall cell carcinoma

large cell carcinomasecondary

tumor like lesion : teratoma, hamartoma

hemoptysis

Lower Respiratory Tract.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet

GIT (I)

Mouth

inflammationLeukoplakia

tumorssquamous cell carcinoma

ulcer of tongue

dental

dyspeptic

TB

syphilitic

malignant

salivaryglands

sialoadenitis

sialothiasis

tumor

benign

pleomorphic adenoma

Warthin's tumor

oxyphilic adenoma

monomorphic adenoma

malignant

malignant mixed tumor

mucoepidermoid adenoma

squamous cell carcinoma

adenoid cystic carcinoma

oesophagus

congenitalanomalies

atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula

congenital shortness

heterotopic gastric mucosa

rings and webs

esophagealdiverticula

Pulsion (Zenker's) diverticulum

Traction diverticulum

inflammationesophagitis

refluxBarrets esophagus

infectious

iatrogenic

corrosive

achalasia

varices

lacerationsMallory Weiss syndrome

ulcers

dysphagia

tumor

polyp

benign

malginantcarcinoma

stomach

congenitalanomalies

congenital pyloric stenosis

heterotopia (ectopic rests)

diaphragmatic hernia

inflammation(gastritis)

acute gastritis

chronicgastritis

pathogenesisH.pylori bacilli

autoimmune gastritis

diff.between

chronic superficial gastritis

chronic atropic gastritis

peptic ulcer

tumorbenign

gastricpolyps

hyperplastic polyp

adenomatous polyps

malignantcancer stomach

GIT (I).mmap - 26/6/2011 - Mindjet

GIT (II)

largeintestine

congenital anomaliesmegacolon

congenital

acquired

inflammation

bacillary dysenteryamebic dysenterydifferences.

appendix

appendicitisacutechronic

mucoceletumors

diverticula

intestinalobstruction

acute

mechanical obs.

simplestarngulated hernia

volvolusintussusception

functional (nervous) obs.

vascular obs.chronic

tumors

non-neoplasticpolyps

hyperplastic

hamartomatousjuvenile polypsPeutz-Jeghers polyp

lymphoid polypsinflammatory and bilharzial polyp

neoplasticpolyps

adenoma

tubular adenomavillous adenoma

tubulo-villousadenoma

Familial Polyposis Coli(FPC); AdenomatousPolyposis Coli (APC)Gardner's syndrome

Turcot's syndrome

carcinoma stagingT.N.M staging

modified Duke's staging :Astler-Coller modification

smallintestine

congenitalanomalies

atresia

stenosisdiverticula

heterotopic pancreatic tissue

ishemic boweldisease

transmural infarctionmucosal and mural infarction

inflammatory boweldisease (IBD)

non-infectious

infectious

idiopathic

Ulcerative colitisCrohn's disease

comparison

Typhoid fever

malabsorptionsyndrome

Celiac diseaseTropical sprue

tumor

benignadenoma

leiomyoma, lymphoma, lipoma

locally malignantcarcinoid tumor

peritonium

septic peritonitis

ascitis

tumorprimarybenign, malignant

secondary (metastasis)

GIT bleedinghematemesis

melena

bleeding per rectum

GIT (II).mmap - 26/6/2011 - Mindjet

Liver

hepatic degeneration andcellular accumulation

hepaticcell death

apoptosis

coagulative(ischemic) necrosis

focal necrosiszonal necrosis

diffuse necrosis

acute yellow atrophy

acute viral hepatitis hepatitis virusA, B, C, D, E

fulminant hepatitis chronic hepatitis

cirrhosis

etiological

primary (cryptogenic)

secondarycirrhosis

portalbiliary

cardiac

metabolic disorder

syphilitic

phological

micronodular

macronodular

mixed

types

Laennec's cirrhosis

Biliary cirrhosisprimary

secondaryportal hypertension

JaundiceHemolytic jaundice

hepatocellular jaundice

obstructive jaundice

Hepatic suppuration(liver abscess)

solitary

multiple

hepatic cyst

tumorprimary

benign

malignant

hepatocellularcarcinoma

hepatoblastoma

secondary (liver metastasis)

hepatomegaly

inflammation

degenerative

vascular disorder

metabolic disorder

blood disease

malignant disease

hepatic failure

Liver.mmap - 26/6/2011 - Mindjet

Gall Bladder andExocrine Pancreas

Gallbladder

Cholecystitisacutechronic

mucocele (hydrops)

cholestrolosis

cholelithiasis(gall stones)

metabolic (pure)mixed

cimbinedcalcium carbonate

tumors

benign

malignant carcinoma of gall bladder

exocrinepancreas

acute hemorrhagicpancreatitis

acute intestinal pancreatitisacute necrotizing pancreatitisacute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

chronic pancreatitis

carcinoma

Gall Bladder and Exocrine Pancreas.mmap - 26/6/2011 - Mindjet

Kidney

congenitalanomalies

polycystic kidney diseaseadult type

childhood type

glomerulardisease

pathogenesis

In situ immunecomplexdeposition

anti-glomerular basementmembrane (BM) nephritis

Heymann nephritis (membranousglomerulonephritis)

antibodies against planted,non-glomerular, antigen

circulating immune complex

otherepithelial cell injury

Subtopic

mediatorsantibody deposition

T-cell immune reaction

morphological patternof response

hypercellularity

basement membrane thickening

hyalinization and sclerosis

additional alterations

clinical presentation

nephritic syndrome

nephrotic syndrome

Subtopic

clinicopathologicalclass.

acute proliferative GN

rapidly progressive (cresenteric) GN

minimal change disease (Lipoid nephrosis)

membranous GN

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

membrano-proliferative GN

Lupus nephritis

chronic GN

disease ofrenal tubulesacute tubular

necrosis (ATN)

causes ofoliguria in ATN

tubular damage

direct effect of toxin

disease ofrenal bloofvessel

atherosclerotic (senile) kidney

arteriolosclerotic kidneybenign nephrosclerosis

malignant nephrosclerosis

disease of renalinterstitial tissuepyelonephritis

acute

chronic

urinary tract obs.hydronephrosis

pyonephrosis

renal stonesprimary stones

secondary (infected) stones

tumors

renal pelvisbenign, malignant

kidney

benign, malignant

renal cell carcinoma(hypernephroma)

clear cell, non papillary

papillary

chromophobe

nephroblastoma (Wilm's tumor)

disease ofurinary bladder

cystitis

tumors

benign

malignantcarcinoma ofurinary bladder

Kidney.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet

Male genitalsystem

penis

congenital anomalies

inflammation

tumors

benign condyloma acumiratum

malignant squamous cell carcinoma

testis andepididymis

congenitalanomalies

cryptorchidism

inflammation

tumor

germ celltumor

seminomateratomaembryonal carcinoma

yolk sac tumorchoriocarcinoma

sex cordstromal tumor

Leydig (interstitial) tumor

Sertoli cell tumor

prostate

inflammationacute prostatitis

chronic prostatitis

nodular prostatic hyperplasia

adenocarcinomaof prostate

grading andstaging

scrotal cystic lesion

hydrocele

hematocele

chylocele

varicocele

spermatocele

Male genital system.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet

Female genitalsystem

pelvic inflammatory diseasegonorrhea

puerperal sepsis

cervix

inflammationacute cervicitis

chronic cervicitis

tumors

benign squmous intra-epithelial lesion (SIEL)

malignant squamous cell carcinoma

body ofuterus

endometrium

abnormal uterine bleeding

menorrhagia

metrorrhagia

polymenorrhea

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

uterine bleeding due to organic disease

endometrial hyperplasia

simple

complex

complex with atypia

endometriosisendometriosis interna

endometriosis externa

tumor

benign

endometrial polyp

stromal nodule

other tumor

malignant

carcinoma

typenon-estrogen related type

estrogen related type

endometriod adenocarcinoma

endometriod carcinoma containsquamous epithelium

sarcoma

low grade stromal sarcoma

high grade stromal sarcoma

mixed epithelialmesenchymal tumors

adeno-fibroma

carcino-sarcoma

myometriumtumor

benign leiomyoma

malignant leiomyosarcoma

ovaries

cystnon-neoplastic

cyst offollicularorigin

follicular cyst

theca lutein cyst

polycystic ovarian disease

corpus luteum disease

inclusion cyst

endometriosis cyst

inflammatory cyst

neoplasticSubtopic

tumor

derived fromsurface epithelium

mucinous

benign

borderline

malignant

serous

benign

atypically proliferating

malignant

endometrioid

transitional cell tumor

sex cord stromal origin

granulosa cell tumor

theca cell tumor

fibroma

sertoli-stromal cell tumor

gynadroblastoma

germ cell origin

dysgerminoma

teratoma

endodermal sinus tumor

ovarian choriocarcinoma

mixed germ cell tumor

metastaticKrukenberg tumor

placenta

gestational trophoblastic disease

hydatiform mole (vesicular mole)complete mole

partial hydatiform mole

invasive mole

placental site throphoblastic tumor

ectopic pregnancy

Female genital system.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet

Female breast

inflammation

acute mastitis

chronic mastitis

fat necrosis

mammary duct ectasia

benign

non-proliferative breast change(mammary fibrocystic change)

proliferative breast disease without atypia

proliferative breast lesion with atypia

tumor

epithelial tumor

stromaltumor

benignfibroadenomaPhylloides tumor

malignantbreastcarcinoma

non-invasivecarcinoma (CIS)

ductal CISlobular CIS

invasive breast carcinomacolloid (mucinous) carcinomamedullary carcinomatubular carcinoma

spread

staging system

male breastgynecomastia

carcinomaFemale breast.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet

Endocrine

pituitarygland lesion

ant. pituitary(adenohypophysis)

hyperpituitarism

hypopituitarism

post. pituitary(neurohypophysis)

diabetes insipidus

tumors

adenomas

prolactinomas

growth hormone producing adenomas

corticotroph cell adenomas

thyrotroph

null cell adenomas

carcinoma

metastatic tumor

thyroidglandlesion

hyperthyroidism(thyrotoxicosis)

primary

Graves disease

toxic multinodular goiter

toxic adenoma

secondary

hypothyroidismprimary

secondary

thyoriditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Giant cell thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis)

subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis

Riedel's thyroiditis

tumor

benign follicular adenoma

malignant

papillary adenocarcinoma

follicular adenocarcinomaanaplastic adenocarcinoma

medullary carcinoma

parathyroidhyperparathyroidism

primary

secondary

tertiary

hypoparathyroidism

adrenalgland

hyperfunction

Cushing's syndrome

Conn's syndrome

adrenogenital syndrome

tumor ofadrenal cortex

adenoma of adrenal cortex

carcinoma of adrenal cortex

hypofunctionacute adrenal insufficiency

Addison disease

tumor of adrenalmedulla

neuroblastoma

ganglioneuroma

pheochromocytoma

Diabetes Mellitus

Endocrine.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet

Bone

congenitalbone disease

dysostoses

bonedysplasia

osteogenesis imperfecta(brittle bone disease)osteopetrosis(marble bonedisease)

infantile (malignant)adult (benign)

achondroplasia

acquired

osteoporosis

rickets and osteomalacia

osteitis fibrosa cystica

Paget disease (osteitis deformans)

fibrous dysplasia

infections(osteomyelitis)

acute pyogenic

chronictumors

osteoblastic (bone forming) tumor

osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma

osteosarcoma

chondromatoustumor

osteochondroma (exostosis)chondroma (enchondroma)

chondrosarcoma

giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)

multiple myeloma

jointsarthritis

acute

traumaticrheumatic

suppurativegonorrheal

chronic

inflammatorymetabolic

neuropathic

autoimmuneRheumatoidarthritis

degenarativeosteoarthritis

tumor

pigmented villonodular synovitis andgiant cell tumor of tendon sheath

malignant synovioma

Bone.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet

Blood and lymph

anemia

acute post hemorrhagic anemia

hemolyticanemia

hereditary abnormalityin red cells

hereditary spherocytosis

hereditary hemoglobinopathies

G6PD deficiency

presenceof red cellantibodies

erythroblastosis fetalis

acquired hemolytic anemia

anemiadue toimpairmentred cellproduction

due to bonemarrowhypofunction

aplasticanemia

myelophthisicanemia

iron deficiency anemia

pernicious anemia

polycythemiaprimary

secondary

leucocytosis

neutrophilic

eosinophilia

lymphocytosis

monocytosis

leucopenia

agranulocytosis

leukemia

acute

chronic

chronicmyeloidleukemia

chroniclymphaticleukemia

hemorrhagicblood disease

thrombocytopeniaprimary

secondary

hemophilia

purpura

Blood and lymph.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet

Lymph nodesand spleen

Reactivelymphadenitis

acute non-specific lymphadenitis

chronic non-specificlymphadenitis

follicular hyperplasiaparacortical lymphoid hyperplasiasinus histocytosis

chronic specific lymphadenitis

infectious mononucleosis

tumor primarylymphomas

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Non-hodgkin'slymphomas

follicular (nodular) lymphomassmall lymphocytic lymphoma

diffuse large B-cell lymphomalymphoblastic lymphomaBurkitt's lymphoma

leukemias

secondary

lymphadenopathy

spelonmegaly

Lymph nodes and spleen.mmap - 28/6/2011 - Mindjet

Nervous system

congenital disorder

increase ICP

hydrocephalusobstructive

communicating

cerebroavasculardisease

intracerebral hemorrhage

cerebralaneurysms

congenital berrymycoticatheroscleroticarterio-venous

cerebral infarction

CNStrauma

skull fracture

parenchymal injuriesconcussioncontusion and lacerations

traumatic vascular disease

epidural hematomasubdural hemorrhagesubarachnoid hemorrhageintracerebral hemorrhagepetechial hemorrhage

infectionsmeningitis

acute pyogenic (bacterial)acute lymphatic

granulomatous

CNS parenchymal infectionscerebritis

cerebral abscess

tumors

special character

effects

classification

neuroglialcells

gliomas

astrocytomasgemistocytic

juvenile pilocyticglioblastoma multiforme

oligondendrogliomaependymomas

neuronaltumor

gangliogliomagangliocytoma

neurocytoma

embryonaltumor

medulloblastomaperipheral neuronal tumor

meningealmeningiomas

spinal cordcranial and peripheralnerve sheath

neurofibromaschwannoma

Nervous system.mmap - 28/6/2011 - Mindjet