Path to Revolution Path to Revolution

British Action: British Action: Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

Prohibited settlement in area beyond the Prohibited settlement in area beyond the Appalachians Appalachians

Not designed to oppress colonists, but Not designed to oppress colonists, but work out Indian problem fairlywork out Indian problem fairly

Prevent uprisings like Pontiac’s rebellion Prevent uprisings like Pontiac’s rebellion

Colonist Reaction: Colonist Reaction: Resentment & failure to Resentment & failure to comply comply

Land beyond mountains their birthrightLand beyond mountains their birthright Purchased it with their blood in recent Purchased it with their blood in recent

warwar In defiance In defiance moved west moved west

1000 wagons on their way west1000 wagons on their way west

British Action: Sugar Act British Action: Sugar Act

Sugar Act: First law ever passed for Sugar Act: First law ever passed for raising tax revenue in colonies for the raising tax revenue in colonies for the crowncrown Increased the duty on foreign sugar Increased the duty on foreign sugar

imported from the West Indies imported from the West Indies

Passed b/c of British debt incurred Passed b/c of British debt incurred defending the American colonies defending the American colonies

Colonial Reaction: Boston Colonial Reaction: Boston Experimented with BoycottsExperimented with Boycotts

Boycotts, smuggled sugar, meet to protest taxBoycotts, smuggled sugar, meet to protest tax Rationale: No taxation without representation Rationale: No taxation without representation Colonists distinguish between legislation and Colonists distinguish between legislation and

taxationtaxation Parliament has the right to legislate about matters Parliament has the right to legislate about matters

affecting entire empireaffecting entire empire Have no right to impose taxes on Americans b/c no Have no right to impose taxes on Americans b/c no

Americans seated on Parliament Americans seated on Parliament

British Action: Currency British Action: Currency Act Act

Regulated paper money issued by the Regulated paper money issued by the colonies of British Americacolonies of British America

Sought to protect British merchants and Sought to protect British merchants and creditors from being paid in depreciated creditors from being paid in depreciated colonial currency colonial currency

Colonial Reaction: Colonial Reaction: Smoldering Resentment Smoldering Resentment

Defined: Created financial difficulties in Defined: Created financial difficulties in the coloniesthe colonies

Rationale: gold and silver were in short Rationale: gold and silver were in short supplysupply

Colonists lobbied for repeal of the act Colonists lobbied for repeal of the act

British Action: Stamp Act British Action: Stamp Act

Defined: Stamp Act: mandated the use of Defined: Stamp Act: mandated the use of stamped paper or the affixing of stamps, which stamped paper or the affixing of stamps, which certified payment of taxcertified payment of tax Stamps required on bills of sale, commercial and Stamps required on bills of sale, commercial and

legal documents (playing cards, pamphlets, legal documents (playing cards, pamphlets, newspapers, diplomas, marriage licenses) newspapers, diplomas, marriage licenses)

Rationale: To raise revenues to support new Rationale: To raise revenues to support new military forcemilitary force

Asking Americans to pay a fair share of the Asking Americans to pay a fair share of the costs for their own defensecosts for their own defense

Colonial Reaction: Petitions, Colonial Reaction: Petitions, Boycott, Violence Boycott, Violence

Defined: colonists angrily aroused at Defined: colonists angrily aroused at what they regarded as Grenville’s fiscal what they regarded as Grenville’s fiscal aggressionaggression

Rationale: Jeopardizing basic rights of Rationale: Jeopardizing basic rights of the colonists as Englishmenthe colonists as Englishmen

No taxation without representationNo taxation without representation Sons of Liberty & Daughters of Liberty: Sons of Liberty & Daughters of Liberty:

patriotic mobspatriotic mobs

British Action: Repeal of British Action: Repeal of Stamp Act and passage of Stamp Act and passage of Declaratory Act Declaratory Act

British withdrew the Stamp Act British withdrew the Stamp Act due to American protest and the damage to due to American protest and the damage to

British tradeBritish trade Declaratory Act-Declaratory Act- reaffirmed Parliament’s reaffirmed Parliament’s

right to bind the colonies in all cases right to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoeverwhatsoever Would not yield absolute and unqualified Would not yield absolute and unqualified

sovereignty over North American Colonies; sovereignty over North American Colonies; reasserting dominancereasserting dominance

Colonial Reaction: Rejoicing Colonial Reaction: Rejoicing over Repeal; Ignoring over Repeal; Ignoring Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act

Rejoicing over Repeal: built a statue of Rejoicing over Repeal: built a statue of King George IIIKing George III Colonists believed they were successful Colonists believed they were successful

Ignored Declaratory Act: did not think Ignored Declaratory Act: did not think they were subject to Parliamentthey were subject to Parliament Made it clear that they wanted a measure of Made it clear that they wanted a measure of

sovereignty of their own sovereignty of their own Would take drastic action to secure it Would take drastic action to secure it

British Action: British Action: Townshend dutiesTownshend duties

Townshend Acts- light duty on glass, Townshend Acts- light duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint and tea; indirect white lead, paper, paint and tea; indirect customs duty payable at American Portcustoms duty payable at American Port

Townshend was promising control over Townshend was promising control over the colonies the colonies

Money to be used to pay salaries of royal Money to be used to pay salaries of royal governors & judges in Americagovernors & judges in America

Colonial Reaction: Boycotts, Colonial Reaction: Boycotts, Petitions, Newspaper Petitions, Newspaper AttacksAttacks

Colonists in rebellious mood due to Colonists in rebellious mood due to recent victory over the stamp taxrecent victory over the stamp tax

Didn’t tax the tax seriouslyDidn’t tax the tax seriously Began to smuggle teaBegan to smuggle tea Boston Massacre-Boston Massacre- crowd of 60 colonists crowd of 60 colonists

set upon redcoats; troops opened fire set upon redcoats; troops opened fire and killed or wounded 11 colonists and killed or wounded 11 colonists

British Action: Tea Act British Action: Tea Act

British East India Company would be British East India Company would be able to sell tea leaves at a cheaper price able to sell tea leaves at a cheaper price than ever before; gave complete than ever before; gave complete monopoly of American tea businessmonopoly of American tea business

Rationale: To prevent the British East Rationale: To prevent the British East India Company from collapsing & as a India Company from collapsing & as a result losing tax revenueresult losing tax revenue Convince colonists to purchase company tea Convince colonists to purchase company tea

as opposed to smuggled teaas opposed to smuggled tea

Colonist Reaction: Colonist Reaction: Protest, Boston Tea PartyProtest, Boston Tea Party

Rationale: Colonists saw this as an attempt to Rationale: Colonists saw this as an attempt to trick the colonists to accept the detested tax trick the colonists to accept the detested tax with the bait of cheaper teawith the bait of cheaper tea

Colonists protested the tea: forced tea-bearing Colonists protested the tea: forced tea-bearing ships to return to England with their cargoships to return to England with their cargo

Ships ordered not to leave Boston Harbor until Ships ordered not to leave Boston Harbor until cargo unloaded:cargo unloaded: Group of Bostonians disguised as Native Americans Group of Bostonians disguised as Native Americans

boarded the ships and dumped their contents into boarded the ships and dumped their contents into the harbor the harbor

British Action: Quartering British Action: Quartering Act, 1774Act, 1774

Quartering ActQuartering Act: Provided colonists to : Provided colonists to provide housing for soldiers; allowed a provide housing for soldiers; allowed a governor to house soldiers in other governor to house soldiers in other buildings if suitable quarters were not buildings if suitable quarters were not provided provided

More effective method of housing British More effective method of housing British troops in America; for colonists’ safetytroops in America; for colonists’ safety

Colonial Reaction: Colonial Reaction: Protest in AssembliesProtest in Assemblies

Refused to house the British; caused Refused to house the British; caused tensiontension

Assemblies refused to pay amount Assemblies refused to pay amount requested for troopsrequested for troops

Rationale: fear of standing army, cost of Rationale: fear of standing army, cost of expenses for an armyexpenses for an army

British Action: British Action: Coercive/Intolerable ActsCoercive/Intolerable Acts

Series of acts designed to chastise Series of acts designed to chastise Massachusetts (Boston) Massachusetts (Boston)

Rights of colonial Massachusetts were Rights of colonial Massachusetts were swept awayswept away

Passed in response to the Boston Tea Passed in response to the Boston Tea PartyParty

Colonial Reaction: Boycott, Colonial Reaction: Boycott, Convening of First Convening of First Continental CongressContinental Congress

British punishment was brutal and seemed far British punishment was brutal and seemed far too cruel for the crime too cruel for the crime

Continental Congress in Philadelphia: met to Continental Congress in Philadelphia: met to consider ways of redressing colonial consider ways of redressing colonial grievancesgrievances Drew up Declaration of Rights & appeals to British Drew up Declaration of Rights & appeals to British

and kingand king The Association called for complete boycott of The Association called for complete boycott of

British goods: nonimportation, nonexportation, British goods: nonimportation, nonexportation, nonconsumptionnonconsumption

British Action: Lexington British Action: Lexington and Concordand Concord

British send troops to Lexington and British send troops to Lexington and ConcordConcord

Colonial Minute Men refused to disperse Colonial Minute Men refused to disperse and shots were fired that killed 8 and shots were fired that killed 8 Americans and wounded several moreAmericans and wounded several more

““Lexington Massacre” Lexington Massacre” Rationale: to seize stores of colonial Rationale: to seize stores of colonial

gunpowder & capture rebel ringleadersgunpowder & capture rebel ringleaders

Colonial Reaction: Colonial Reaction: “Common Sense” “Common Sense”

One of the most influential pamphlets ever One of the most influential pamphlets ever writtenwritten

Paine put forth: why should the tiny island of Paine put forth: why should the tiny island of Great Britain control the vast continent of Great Britain control the vast continent of America?America?

Rationale: colonial unity was poor, open Rationale: colonial unity was poor, open rebellion was dangerous, Paine thought rebellion was dangerous, Paine thought colonists up to this point were behaving colonists up to this point were behaving contrary to common sense contrary to common sense