. . . the colonists need ice. . . the colonists need ice

http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/space_resources_031114.html

Earthrise from Clementine

the craters in the craters have craters

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/clem2nd/

LIFE

CARBON BASED

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

THAT OCCURS IN

water

on earth

human beings need

air

water

food

shelter

society

off earth

human beings need

shelter/technology

air

water

food

society

water & other volatiles for the moon base

• Earth

• in regolith from solar wind (ppm)

• permanently shadowed polar craters

• comets & asteroids

• Mars

from Table 12 - http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_resources/developmentofmoon.pdf

http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Dec96/earmoon.html

Although the plane of the Moon's orbit about the Earth is inclined about 5o, it's equator is inclined about 6.5o, resulting in a 1.5o inclination of the Moon's spin axis to its orbital plane around the Sun. This means that the Sun always appears low, close to the horizon at the poles of the Moon and areas within craters at the poles can be in permanent shadow.

fortuitous circumstances

the permanently

shadowed

craters at the lunar poles

are so cold, the

temporary

atmosphere from

cometary

impact will condense and

then may take the rest of

the life of the solar

system

to sublime

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/ice/ice_moon.html

The only possible way for ice to exist on the Moon would be in a permanently shadowed area.The Clementine imaging experiment showed that such permanently shadowed areas do exist in the bottom of deep craters near the Moon's south pole. In fact, it appears that approximately 6000 to 15,000 square kilometers (2300 to 5800 square miles) of area around the south pole is permanently shadowed. The permanently shadowed area near the north pole appears on Clementine images to be considerably less, but the Lunar Prospector results show a much larger water-bearing area at the north pole.

Much of the area around the south pole is within the South Pole-Aitken Basin (shown at left in blue on a lunar topography image), a giant impact crater 2500 km (1550 miles) in diameter and 12 km deep at its lowest point. Many smaller craters exist on the floor of this basin. Since they are down in this basin, the floors of many of these craters are never exposed to sunlight. Within these craters the temperatures would never rise above about 100 K (280 degrees below zero F) (2). Any water ice at the bottom of the crater could probably exist for billions of

years at these temperatures.

• mass?

• rotation rate?

• solid or rubble pile?

• surface - crust, regolith, or solid?

• accessible Delta V?

asteroids and cometsphysical properties of

bring back part ofan asteroid or comet

• robotic cargo ship

• manned cargo ship

mass driver cargo ship uses part of payload as reaction mass http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/SpaceSettlement/spaceres/illus.html

bring back entireasteroid or comet

• robotic mission

• manned mission

• manned w/robotic precursor

Gravity Tug

• massive ship

• gravity as towline

• long duration low level ion thrust

• no direct contact, physicalproperties of NEO unimportant

GRAVITY TUG http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap051110.html

Gravity Tug Built from NEO

• seed ship (factory)

• build factory inside NEO

• build Tug at top of tower

• shift mass to Tug & launch

• use part of NEO as reaction mass

of course,

MARS

wants

water, too

http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?ID=212