passive’sensing’of’cogni.ve’ health’ - dhaca · 2020-05-04 · dahca presentation.pptx...
TRANSCRIPT
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Passive Sensing of Cogni.ve Health
Pete Sawyer School of Compu.ng and Communica.ons
Lancaster University
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Demen.a in the UK • c. 900,000 people affected in the UK
– Projected to reach over 1 million by 2021 – Annual cost currently c. £23 billion
• Only 44% of people receive a diagnosis – Diagnosis is oNen late
• Being able to monitor the progression of demen.a from the early ‘preclinical’ or ‘prodromal’ (e.g. MCI) stage is of poten.al benefit for prognosis of how the condi.on is likely to develop
• It also opens up the possibility of intervening with disease-‐modifying therapies, which may slow the progression
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Two Projects
• SAMS -‐ SoNware Architecture for Mental health Self management – EPSRC Working Together project EP/K015796/1
• MODEM -‐ Monitoring Of Demen.a using Eye Movements
– EPSRC Sensing and Imaging for Diagnosis of Demen5as project EP/M006255/1
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Partners:
EPSRC working together project EP/K015796/1
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What SAMS does
• SAMS monitors people as they use their home computer
• SAMS looks for signs of cogni.ve decline over .me
• If decline is consistent with decline from healthy to MCI or early demen.a SAMS will prompt the user to take a follow-‐up test and/or see their GP
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Why monitor computer use? (1)
• When we use a computer, we use a range of cogni.ve domains – Motor control; execu.ve func.on; memory recogni.on & recall; language; visio-‐spacial reasoning
• The development of demen.a will lead to deficits in at least some of these same cogni.ve domains – Typically these are what are tested at a memory clinic by (e.g.) Mini Mental State Examina.on (MMSE)
• So, if we are finding it harder and harder to use our computer, it might be because our cogni.ve health is declining
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Why monitor computer use? (2)
• Opportunism: it’s increasingly normal for older people to use a computer for keeping in touch with family, shopping, banking, etc.
• It gives us ecological validity if we simply monitor peoples’ rou.ne, daily use of their computer.
• We hope it will help persuade people to refer themselves to their GP who might otherwise not have done so.
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The challenge
• Instrumen.ng the computer to collect user data
• Interpre.ng the collected data in terms of cogni.ve health
• Valida.ng SAMS’ interpreta.on • Overcoming the barriers to adop.on
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Instrumen.ng the computer (1)
• This means wri.ng soNware that collects data as the user interacts with their computer – It needs to be completely unobtrusive – But the user needs to be aware that they are being monitored, so they can turn it off if desired
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Instrumen.ng the computer (2)
• What do we instrument? – The opera.ng system for general housekeeping ac.vity (MS Windows 7, 8, 10)
– MicrosoN Office applica.ons (Word, Outlook, Excel, ..)
– Browsers and webmail (IE & Gmail)
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Instrumen.ng the computer (3)
• What do we collect? – A range of stuff, e.g.:
• Mouse moves, tracking the cursor as the user moves it from one part of the screen to another
• Selec.on, drag, resize ac.ons • Authored text
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Instrumen.ng the computer (4)
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Interpre.ng the data (1)
• We need to collect data that tells us something about the health of the user’s different cogni.ve domains. – e.g. we can collect mouse-‐movement data, but what does that tell us about motor control, execu.ve func.on, etc.?
– Can we get enough data? Can we get sufficiently frequent data?
– Can we infer user intent?
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Interpre.ng the data (2) • For example:
– Easy(ish) • Reduc.on in vocabulary, idea density -‐ language • Hun.ng for commonly-‐used menu items -‐ memory
– Not so easy • Failing to complete common sequence of tasks, e.g. email -‐ Memory or execu3ve func3on or both?
– [reply, compose, but no send] OR [reply, no compose, send]
• Needs – Expert reference group to help us iden.fy the most fruipul user ac.ons to data-‐mine
– Uncertainty inference – Post-‐hoc mining of data looking for paqerns
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Valida.on
• Small-‐scale pilot study (c. 10 ppl) • Cross-‐sec.onal study (30 MCI/early AD, 30 healthy controls. All 65+) – In lab, iden.cal computer set-‐up, paper-‐based test baqery then set of computer tasks
• Longitudinal study (12 months, c. 60 ppl All 65+) – SAMS soNware installed on par.cipants’ home computers; data (anonymized & encrypted) uploaded periodically to LU
We are here
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Barriers to adop.on
• Why would anyone want to run SAMS? • How can they be sure we won’t (e.g.) read their passwords?
• If SAMS thinks there’s something wrong, how can we get the user to take ac.on?
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MODEM
• Growing evidence that inhibitory saccades are impaired by Alzheimer’s disease – Can be tested using eye-‐tracking
• Eye-‐tracking systems on verge of step-‐change from lab instrument to widely deployed sensor
• MODEM will inves.gate ambient eye-‐tracking for demen.a detec.on
Crawford TJ, Higham S, Mayes J, Dale M, Shaunak S, Lekwuwa G (2013). The role of working memory and aqen.onal disengagement on inhibitory control: effects of aging and Alzheimer's disease. AGE, 35, 5, 1637-‐1650
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Thanks for listening