1

Particle Accelerators for Research and for Medicine

Prof. Ted Wilson (CERN and Oxford University)

based on the book:

ISBN-013 978-981-270-070-4

http://www.enginesofdiscovery.com/This talk:http://www.enginesofdiscovery.com/eod.pdf

2Engines of Discovery

Rutherford fired the starting pistol

The race to high energies

At the Royal Society in 1928 he said “I have long hoped for a source of positive particles more energetic than those emitted from natural radioactive substances”.

3

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC)The LHC, at CERN, is the primary toolto which high-energy physicistsare looking. The hope is to discover the Higgs particle. The machine is 28 kmin circumference.

4

An “exploded” diagram of the ATLAS detector, for the LHC.

5Engines of Discovery

Wideroe invented the Linac

Particle gains energy at each gap Lengths of drift tubes follow

increasing velocity Spacing becomes regular as v

approaches c

Vdee~

+

Þ At all radii particles cross acceleration gap at same moment !

r

Cyclotron

Magnet

7

The 60-inch cyclotron. The picture was taken in 1939.

8

Spect diagnosis

9Engines of Discovery

Linacs – an idea waiting for a technology

Luis Alvarez

Ed Ginzton

10

The induction accelerator, FXR, at Lawrence Livermore, to study the behavior of the implosion process in nuclear weapons

Induction Linacs

The Dual Axis Radiological Hydrodynamic Test Facility This device is to examine nuclear weapons from two axes to reveal departures from cylindrical

symmetry which is a sign of aging.

11

The Synchrotron

12Engines of Discovery

This 300 MeV electron synchroton at the General Electric Co. at Schenectady, built in the late 1940s. The photograph shows a beam of synchrotron radiation emerging.

First electron synchroton