Participles

2014

What are participles?

• Participles are adjectives that are made from verbs.

• “Verbal adjectives.”• The running man. (run)• The lost money. (lose)• The girl about to jump. (jump) Latin uses 1

word here instead of 3!

You already know…

• PPP’s: Perfect Passive Participles• The 4th principal part of a verb.• Translated “having been verbed” or “verbed”• amitto, amittere, amisi, amissus: lose• amissus: having been lost, “lost”• Pecunia amissa: the lost money

Participle Tenses

• Present active• Perfect passive• Future active• Future passive (we’ll learn more about these

later)

PresentActive Voice

Present stem + -ns, -ntis (verbing)

Passive VoiceX

X

Perfect X4th principle part of the verb –us, -a, -um(verbed, having been verbed)

Future4th principal part minus –us, + –urus/-ura/-urum(about to verb)

Present stem + -ndus/-nda/-ndum(verbing, must be verbed)

PARTICIPLE CHART

PresentActive Voice

amans, amantis(loving)

Passive VoiceX

X

Perfect Xamatus, -a, -um(loved, having been loved)

Futureamaturus, -a, -um(about to love)

amandus/-a/-um(loving, must be loved)

PARTICIPLE CHART

Declining Participles• Participles that end in –us/-a/-um use the 1st and

2nd declension charts you’ve known and loved since Latin I.

• -us -i -a -ae -um -a • -i -orum -ae -arum -i -orum• -o -is -ae -is -o -is• -um -os -am -as -um -a• -o -is -ā -is -o -is

Declining Participles• Present active participles (-ns, -ntis) decline like 3rd

declension i-stem nouns.• M/F Neuter• amans amantes amans amantia• amantis amantium amantis amantium• amanti amantibusamanti amantibus• amantem amantes (-is) amans amantia• amante(-i) amantibus amanti(-e) amantibus