english participles
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English Participles
English participles have several different functions in the English language. So let's make them clear and easy to understand.
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• What does "participle" mean? What is a participle?
• The word participle comes from a Latin word which means "a sharing, partaking" (or in other words, participation).
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• Participle definition• A participle is a form of the verb that is used
together with another verb to form certain tenses.
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• For example:I am eating an apple.
EATING is a form of the verb EAT.
It is used together with another verb (AM) to make the present progressive tense.
So EATING is a participle.
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• I have washed the dishes.
WASHED is a form of the verb WASH.
It is used together with another verb (HAVE) to make the present perfect tense.
So WASHED is a participle.
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n English there are mainly two kinds of participles: the present participle and the past participle.
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• Present participle• The present participle ends in "-ing".
Examples of present participles:Walking
• Helping
• Drinking
• Taking
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• The present participle is used together with the verb BE to form the progressive tenses: Past progressive
• Present progressive• Future progressive• Past perfect progressive
• Present perfect progressive• Future perfect progressive
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• Example sentences:They are dancing together right now.
• John was painting the wall all morning.
• I will be sleeping by the time you come back.
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• Past participle• The past participle ends in "-d" or "-ed", in
case of a regular verb, or differently, in case of an irregular verb.
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• Examples of past participles:Walked
• Helped
• Drunk
• Taken
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• The past participle is used together with the verb HAVE to form the perfect tenses: Past perfect
• Present perfect• Future perfect
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• Example sentences:They have danced together in the past.
• John had painted the wall before he sold the house.
• I will have fallen asleep by 8 o'clock tomorrow.• The past participle is also used together with the
verb BE to form passive sentences.
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• Example sentences:The wall was painted by John.
• The apple was eaten by me.
• We were given some good advice.
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• Participles as adjectives• Both the present participle and the past
participle can be used as adjectives.
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Present participle Past participle
Boring
Interesting
Confusing
Amazing
Annoying
Exciting
Bored
Interested
Confused
Amazed
Annoyed
Excited
For example:
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Present participle Past participle
The movie was very boring.
That book was so interesting.
His message was a bit confusing.
What an amazing speech!
You really are annoying . . .
James has an exciting job.
Why do you look so bored?
She is very interested in music.
I feel quite confused.
We were quite amazed to see her.
The audience became annoyed.
We are so excited!
Example sentences:
Participles are used together with helping verbs (also called auxiliary verbs).
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