participation part 1 msdp 2012

MSDP

Participation (Regional Development-Environment and

Participation)

Franz Brunner / Graz-Austria April 19 – 21, 2012 Graz

Motto/Leading Idea of Participation and of our course

2 Brunner - Participation - Novi Sad

Agenda • 2012/04/19: Lecture → Introduction, theory and

history of participation, stages and models of participation; Excursion → Landentwicklung Steiermark

• 2012/04/20: Excursion → Umweltamt der Stadt Graz und Referat für BürgerInnenbeteiligung der Stadt Graz; Lecture → Beginning, succeeding and benefits of participation, fields of application and methods of participation

• 2012/04/21: Lecture and Excursion → good practices (Graz, Austria, Serbia, Europe), Sonnenfelsplatz und Annenstraße); Instruction for Case Study (assessment)


These are Various Stages of Participation


Introduction1

Democracy

Brunner - Participation - Novi Sad 5

Aristotle (384-322 BC): democracy is „rule by the many“. The term comes from the Greek word „demokratia“ and means „rule of the people“ (5th-4th century BC) Equality and freedom have both been identified as important characteristics of democracy. Democracy is a government of, by and for people. Forms of democracy: Representative, parliamentary, presidential, constitutional,… Participation is more direct (citizens participate in decision-making personally) and inclusive (more self-management of people with a citizens-body) democracy, often called as parpolity (participapatory politics).

Introduction 2

Participation is Democracy

Participation is a basic principle of democracy. Taking part in elections, referenda, official opinion polls and petitions are all forms of participation. They are all regulated by law (formal participation).


Introduction 3

Participation is Democracy

Today people are increasingly demanding and using ways of

active participation in connection with projects and developments

in the public sector, either as ordinary citizens or as

representatives of an interest group (informal participation).


Introduction 4

Participation is Communication

• An important pre-condition (key-factor) of participation is communication

• Communication means →

• Important is the right coding/

decoding (understanding and

behaviour affecting)


Introduction 5

Participation is communication

Berlo‘s (1960, based on Shannon & Weaver 1949) Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver Model


Introduction 6

UNO and EU and Participation • UN The Universal Declaration of Human Rights –

Article 21(1) „Everyone has the right to take part in the governement

of his country directly…“ • Council of Europe ECHR – European Convention on

Human Rights – Article 10 „Freedom of assembly and association“ • EU White Paper European Governance 2001 – 3.1

Better involvement „Democracy depends on people being able to take part in

public debate…regional and local democracy…“


Introduction 7

Definitions of Participation

• Participation means helping to shape the future

• Participation is a pre-condition of sustainable development

• Participation is making better decisions

• Participation is realizing democracy in practice

• Participation is a bottom-up process

• Participation is an organized process for involving the public

• Participation is a continuum


Introduction 8

Participation is Power

Understanding of participation involves understanding of power: the ability of the

different interest groups to achieve what thy want. Power will depend on who has

information (and money). It will also depend on peoples confidence and skills. Many

organisations are unwilling to allow people to participate because they fear loss of control

and power.


Introduction 9

Participation needs Empowerment • Empowerment is increasing the spiritual, political,

social and economic strength of individuals and communities

• …the ability to learn skills for improving one‘s personal or group power

• …having decision making power of their own • …the giving or delegation of power and authority

People need therefore help by experts, administration,

politic,…that means information, learnig, assistance and aid


Introduction 10

Participation is connected with… • Communication

• Public information and public relations • Visualizing • Adult education and environmental education • Lifelong learning • Changing the behaviour of the citizens • Political effectiveness • Honory working • Networking • Working with press • Local Agenda 21


Theory 1

Development of Citizens‘Participation History 1

• First Phase - 1960s: Citizens participation was seen poorly as the participation of the affected parties

• Second Phase – 1970s: The right of the involvement of the affected parties was supplemented by popular participation. Information is directed to the whole population (e.g. community plans)


Theory 2

History 2

• Third phase – 1980s: Consultative participation; holding hearings, giving full access to information – beyond the legally required minimum; activating and motivating people

• Fourth phase – 1990s and later : Co-operation, joint consultation, using synergy effects. Involving citizens from start. New form of governance, third party within the political and administrative system, the public… in the decision making process


Theory 3

History 3

Participation is deeply connected with Sustainable Development → International agreements

• UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) – Rio 1992 (Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, Climate Convention,…)

• European Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns – Aalborg 1994 (Aalborg Charta) → Local Agenda 21 (LA 21)

• Aarhus Convention – Aarhus 1998, in force 2001 (Regulation of access to information)


Theory 4

History 3

Aarhus Convention

3 pillars

1. Public access to information

2. Civic participation in certain decisions with environmental relevance

3. Acces to courts of law or tribunals


Theory 5

History 4

SDS – Sustainable Development Strategies

• EU SDS Gothenburg 2001 / reviewed 2009

• → NSDS (e.g. Austria 2002/10 , Chapter 4 „Communication and participation are core topics of SD“


Theory 6

History 5

Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe (2007, 2009)

Code of Good Practice for Civil Participation in Decision Making Process

„…the essential contribution made by NGOs…they form a crucial component of participation in an open democratic society“


Theory 7

Levels Four levels of participation/steps of political involvement

from low to high in the Code of Good Practice…: 1. Information, 2. Consultaion, 3. Dialogue (Broad Collaboration), 4. Partnership

With six different steps of political decision-making: 1. Agenda setting, 2. Drafting, 3. Decision taking, 4. Implementation, 5. Monitoring, 6. Reformulation


Theory 8 Public Participation & Citizens

Participation • Citizen Participation: Individuals and citizens‘

initiatives (private participation) • Organized Public: Lobbyists and common

intersest groups • Public Participation: Participation by

individuals, citizens‘ initiatives, lobbyists and common intersest groups

As far as possible any process of participation should be open to all stakeholders and everyone interested (wide public)

Why not? Resulting group is to large and therefore ineffectively


Theory 9

Formal and Informal Participation

• Formal processes are mandatory by legal regulations (law) → Who, how far, structure, findings, power of the effected party, approval procedures (e.g.environmental impact assessment, zoning plans, land use plans,…)

• Informal processes are not rigidly regulated, structured in various ways, voluntary → results consist of recommendations for decision reaching


Theory 10

Mixed Processes

Formal

Initial stage of environmental impact assessment

↓

Informal

Environmental mediation

↓

Formal

Environmental impact assessment restarts


Theory 11

Stages of Participation Participation Models

• Sherry R. Arnstein (1969)/USA: A Ladder of Citizen Participation

• David Wilcox (1994)/GB: 10 Key Ideas of Participation

• Klaus Selle & Maria Lüttringhaus (1996/2000)/D: Stages of Participation

• Kerstin Arbter et al. (2007)/A: Stages of Public Participation


Theory 12

Arnstein: Ladder of Citizen Participation


Theory 13

Steps 1 and 2 of Arnsteins Ladder _ Nonparticipation

• Nonparticipation:

–Manipulation(1) and

–Therapy(2)

• both are not participative, are curation, education, planned is achieving public support by public relations


Theory 14

Steps 3, 4 and 5 of Arnsteins Ladder - Tokenism

• Tokenism:

– Informing(3): legitimation of participation, one way flow, no feedback

– Consultation(4): also legitimation, meetings, public enquiries; just a window dressing ritual

– Placation(5): like cooperation with hand-picked „worthies“, planning ad infinitum by citizens but right to judge by power holders


Theory 15

Steps 6, 7 and 8 of Arnsteins Ladder – Citizen

• Citizen Power: – Partnership(6): Redistributing power through

negotiations between citicens and power holders. Planning and decision-making are shared e.g. joint committees

– Delegated Power(7): citizens hold a majority with delegated power to make decisions

– Citizen Control(8): policy making and managing by citizens e.g. neighbourhood corporations with no intermediaries between it and the source of funds


Theory 16

Wilcox – The Levels of Participation

Different levels are appropriate in different circumstances, one level underpins the other level

• Information – tell people what is planned

• Consultation – offer a number of options and listen to feedback

• Deciding together – provide additional ideas and options and join in deciding the best way forward

• Acting together – Form a partnership to carry it out

• Supporting independent community initiatives - Help other to do what they want within a framework of grants, advice and support by the ressource holder


Theory 17

Selle & Lüttringhaus – Stages of Participation

• Information: informing the people what is planned

• Participation: a kind of consultation with feedback

• Co-operation: acting together for decision finding

• Delegation of Decision: decision finding or making in a framework of grants supported by administration


Theory 18

Arbter et al. – Stages of Public Participation


Theory-practice 1

Phases of Participation – the Process

Participation is a process with four main phases

• Initiation: the need to involve people and what are the reasons…to give them a say

• Preparation: Thinking through the process, contacts, agreeing an approach

• Participation: Using participation methods for decision-making

• Continuation: What happens is depending on the level of participation, reaching a higher level,…selfrunning process


Theory-Practice 2

Guidelines to Participation

Anyone can take the initiative – Stakeholders

• Ordinary Citizens – problems in their living area (e.g.noise abatement mesures along a road)

• Environmental organisations (organised public) – campaining for preservation of a special ( e.g. amenity) area

• Administrators/Planners – for gaining a broadly based decision by various stakeholders (e.g. land using plan)

• Local politicans – for long term developing the community (e.g Local Agenda 21)

• Entrepreneurs – expanding a production facility to get an agreement with the affected people


Theory-Practice 3

Stakeholders & Phases


Theory-Practice 4

Levels of Applying


Theory-Practice 5

How Public Participation Begins

Gather and spread Information ↓

Find out whether the conditions necessary for a formal participation process are fullfilled

↓ Weight the possible benefits of an informal participation

process ↓

Develop ideas for a sequence of events in the participation process

↓ Clarify the possible forms of a participation process with other

stakeholders, politicians and administration


Theory-Practice 6

Get and Spread Information

• Gather full details of the circumstances of the conflict, about stakeholders and their ideas and suggestions. What are they concerned about. Look at media, internet,… and meet local affected people, make inquiries at Citizens‘ Guidance Bureau, Local Council,…

• As citizien or lobbyist look for alliance, supporters for a campaign, make the issue public,organize meetings, visualize the goals,…

• As an applicant for a project, politican or administrator communicate information obout the project actively to the public. Present both, the advantages or benefits and the drawbacks and risks,…


Theory-Practice 7

Find out Conditions for a Formal Participation

• If a matter of concern or a project is brought before the authorities, they will check whether public participation is mandatory, e.g. in an environmental audit, in strategic environmental assessment, in land use planning,…

• As a lobbyist or representative of a common interest or ordinary citizen, find out when you can intervene and in what form, and watch out for deadlines. You can inquire about this at your local council offices,at the authority concerned or at the regional environmental ombudsman‘s office


Theory-Practice 8

Weigh out the Possible Benefits of Informal Participation

• Consider what informal forms of participation are adequate for reaching the goal, e.g. sustainable development and better involving citizens,…

• Think about what a suitable process for your particular issue might look like

• Post your ideas to other involved, convince that your aims make sense, think about the benefits for other stakeholder ( e.g. for politicians, administrators,…), about opportunities and risks

• Get useful tips and information from professional facilitators


Theory-Practice 9

Identification of Possible Forms of Participation with Other Stakeholders, Politicians, Administration,…

• As citizen or lobbyist get in touch with administration, politicians and find out whether they would support this participation process; present your approach and highlight the benefits, especially that a large number of citizens support the process

• Discuss the plan, the running and make a clear arrangement about who takes care of what, with whom, by when

• Agree coordination of process and how it will be financed

• Agree the basis approach to participation process with the other involved


Theory-Practice 10

How Public Participation Successds

Clarify aims and assignments

↓

Invite all stakeholders to take part

↓

Allow sufficient time and money

↓

Make it clear how much influence the participants have and what will be done with the results

↓

Tie the process in with existing decisions procedures

↓

Make shure that information reaches whoever needs it


Theory-Practice 11

Clarify Aims and Assignments

• It must be clear to everyone involved what the aim of the participation process is and what the actual assignment is. Spotlight the importance and how did people get involved

• If decisions have already been taken it is important that everyone involoved is aware which issues are to be discussed and which are not!


Theory-Practice 12

Invite All Stakeholders to Take Part

• The participation process should bee open to all (interested and affected, organized or as a single person). It is important for invitations to go out to all groups of stakeholders. Look out for women and men, youngsters and oldies, immigrants,…

• Collaboration rules for the process are needed – how to treat one another and how to handle information

• Taking part is voluntary but a structured and long time collaboration is beneficial


Theory-Practice 13

Allow Sufficient Time and Money

• The participation process needs time! (time schedule): taking part in events and meetings, studying documents, aquiring information, organizing meetings (avoid time pressure)

• Persons who take part in their spare time ought to receive a token appreciaten of their involvement (awards, public honours, mediapresence,…)

• Make shure the necessary cash; expenses depend on the selected method; find quotations from possible partners or who personal benefits. But ensure the idependence of the process


Theory-Practice 14

Clearing the Influence of Participants and Doing with Results

• All those take part must be aware from beginning how much influence they have and how and who takes what decision; what say they have

• It must be also clear what will happen with the results, how binding they are and how they will be incorporated in subsequent formal decision structures. Are they a recommendation for a decision in the local council or are they embodied in a private agreement


Theory-Practice 15

Tie the Process in with Existing Decision Procedures

• For most tasks in the public sphere formal statutory decision procedures exist, e.g. for an authority approving industrial plant. Informal participation processes are not regulated in this way, and the results thus generally count only as recommenditions. Public support can give the results more weight. In most cases no legal right exists for the results to be incorporated in actual decision. Therefore it is important for informal participation to be tied into the formal decision procedure.

• Ideally the politcians/administrators should agree to accept the results of the informal participation process. A commitment contributes to the success of process.


Theory-Practice 16

Make Shure that Information Reaches Whoever Needs it

• Ensure that the participation process proceedings reach all involved, affected and interested in time → importance of public relations, press conferences,…

• Proper documentation of process in form of reports, minutes of meetings, photos etc. makes the result intelligible even to people not involved and facilitates argumentation vis-a-vis politicians who you want to decide to implement the results of the completed process.


Theory-Practice 17

Benefits of Public Participation

Public participation can benefit everyone involved. They all gain from p.p., because...

• Exchanging perspectives and tackling issues together make it

possible to reconcile diverging interests • Innovative ideas and new solutions to the problem on hand are

born • Willingness to engage in dialoge and find a consensus improves

relations with the others taking part • Personal relationship can be established, facilitating future contacts • From the arguments and perspectives provided by others everyone

can fill gaps in their knowledge • Multiplied knowledge is a better basis for decisions • Peoples competence in negotiating is improved for the future • Each individual can gain recognition and sympathy 49 Brunner - Participation - Novi Sad

Theory-Practice 18

Benefits of Public Participation As a decision-maker in politics you can benefit further from a

participation process, because…

• Communication and the exchange of information with ordinary citizens and lobbyists are improved

• You promote a culture of collaboration and dialogue, thus strengthening democracy

• You obtain a clearer picture of the interests and needs of population

• You can reduce the pressure of expectations and the amount of backstairs intrigue

• You can integrate fringe-groups • You can strenghten peoples confidence in political decision-making • Participatory political decisions have more authority • You can improve your image by getting closer to citizens • You can get more of the local people to identify with community


Theory-Practice 19

Future Perspectives

From private intersts to the public interest

One learns to understand other people‘s standpoints by discussion. Individual demands

and special interests can be merged into a harmonious whole of service to everyone. This process can give birth to a network of

personal relationships that permanently reinforce the social fabric of neighbourhood

or a community, too.


Theory-Practice 20

Future Perspectives

Small units and the global perspective

Participation starts small-scale, in people‘s immediate surroundings, in a neighbourhood, in the community. Here the individuals can detect what effect their own acticities have. People are more likely to want to participate. Small units are

strengthened, without the overall perspective being lost. This acts as a counterweight to

seemingly ineluctable progress of globalization


Theory-Practice 21

Future Perspectives

From „administering“ to „sharing in decisions“ The goal is to construct a mutually supportive partnership in

which politicians, administrators, ordinary citizens and lobbyists from business and NGOs collaborate and

everyone benefits. For this we need administrators with a new attitude towards the general public. What also needs to be clarified: how elected bodies such as the local council

and the general public should collaborate. The responsibilities of elected representatives are not watered down, they remain the decision-makers. Participation is a

way of improving both the quality of decisions and people‘s willingness to accept them. The political process

should be structured in a dialogue with the affected, so that projects worked out together are implemented.


Practice 1

Fields of Application of Participation

• Transport and mobility (mobile communities, motorways,…) • Waste management (strategic environmental assessment, waste

incineration,…) • Water management (sustainabler iver landscape, returning in natural

state,…) • Energy supply (hydro-power-station, energy concept,…) • Tourism and leisure (tourism strategy, golf-course project,…) • Community work (integration concept for migrants, conflicts between

residents and night owls, taverns or sport activities, skating,…) • Regional / Urban / Community development (regional economy, Local

Agenda 21, Land use plan, employment plan,…) • Political / social development (youth declaration, migrants integration,…) • Conservation / renovating housing (Natura 2000 area, biodiversity,… or

improving the surrounding of redidential areas,…) • Design and use of open space (arranging a park, redesigning a street,

shared space,…)


Practice 2

Methodes of Participation

There are numerous methods available for conducting public participation

An appropriate method can contribute significally to:

• Conducting participation process in a structured and efficient way,

• Making them interesting and avoiding monotony,

• Tracking down new solutions „off the beaten track“


Practice 3

Methods of Information

• Notice board

• Local newspaper

• Public relations

• Mailing

• Public meeting

• Community meeting

• Citizen panel

• Opportunity to inspect official documents - plans, minutes, concepts,…


Practice 3

Methods of Consultation

Activating Opinion Survey In an activating opinion survey ordinary citizens are

asked about their views and attitudes; at the same time they are encouraged to stand up for their

interests and to join in working out improvements to the area where they live

• Suitable for: investigating the interests and needs of

people living in a particular area; promoting the self-determined involvements of ordinary citizens

• Sequence: Questionnaire, Trained interviewers interview citizens, analysis, action-group forming

• Duration: 1 day to some weeks • Numbers involved: also large groups


Practice 4

Activating Opinion Survey


Practice 5


Citizen Panel A citizen panel provides a way of informing those

interested and/or affected about a project and of discussing the various aspects of the project in public

• Suitable for: informing the public about a project or

plan at community level if it is intended to gather points of view and suggestions from ordinary citizens

• Sequence: information about the project/plan to public; discussion, possibly small working group

• Duration: max. 1 day • Numbers involved: also large groups


Practice 6

Citizen Panel


Practice 7


Internet Forum Internet fora are one-line discussion platforms which

offer ordinary citizens a way of expressing views on and discussing a particular issue with others

• Suitable for: as an additional channel of information

and communication forcitizens, with no restriction on time or place; sounding out public opinion on a particular question

• Sequence: set up a forum, users input their views on-line and can comment on contributions of others

• Duration: for a longer run • Numbers involved: large groups


Practice 8

Internet Forum


Practice 9

Methods of Consultation (Decision-Influencing)

World Cafe World cafe is a creative process for facilitating collaborative dialogue

and the sharing of knowledge and ideas to greate a living network of conversation and action. In this process acafe-ambiance is

created, in which participants discuss aquestion or issue in small groups. Groups are changing, the main ideas are summarised

• Suitable for: an authentic dialogue and collecting ideas and

knowledge transfer; not suitable for detailed planning • Sequence: namethe cafe and the questions, explain the logistics of

the cafe, tablehosts and guests, encourage everyone to participate,make shure that insights are recorded visually and presented

• Duration: 2-6 hours • Numbers involved: up to ten → large groups


Practice 10

World Cafe


Practice 11

Methods of Consultaion / Decision Influencing

Consensus Conference In a consensus conference mixed composition groups of

selected citizens work out an answer to a politically or socially controversal question in direct dialogue with experts

• Suitable for: handling explosive issues, where interested non

experts are supported by experts. Sounding out public opinion on a particular question

• Sequence: 10-30 interested citizens are selcted, thy familiarize themselves with the issue; a 3 days conference with expert input follows a detailed report where consnsus is reached and presented to politicians

• Duration: 3 days • Numbers involved: citizens, experts, politicians, administrators


Practice 12

Consensus Conference


Practice 13

Decision Influencing

Citizen Jury

In a citizen jury unorganized citizens selected at random draw up a „citizens‘ assessment“ in responses to a specific

question, based on their own experience and knowledge. In specialized areas they receive assistance from experts

• Suitable for: planning assignments, overall concepts (local, regional); where it is important, that as many segments of population as possible are represented; where stakeholders‘ everyday experience and experts‘ knowledge are needed

• Sequence: around 25 citizens are selected and disengaged from their routine; detailed informed, talking to stakeholders, specialists and authorities, written results (citizens‘ assessment) go to politicians…

• Duration: 3 days – week • Number involved: middle and large groups


Practice 14

Citizen Jury


Practice 15

Decision Influencing

Future Workshop In a future workshop the participants are stimulated

by an atmosphere designed to promote creativity, so as to develop imaginative unconventional

solutions to current problems

• Suitable for: where visions are to be developed, e.g. in producing mission statements, development scenarios, projects to shape the future,…

• Sequence: Criticism phase (problem analyzing), fantasy phase (developing (utopian) ideas), Back to reality phase (Investigates how these suggestions can be made for implementation)

• Duration: 1-2 days • Numbers involved: max. 30 persons


Practice 16

Future Workshop


Phases of Practice 1

Protest-Demonstration-Formation Involved People-Civil Society


Phases of Practice 2

Information-Consultation-Decision Making


Good Practicies 1

Local Agenda 21

What is Local Agenda 21?

Local Agenda is an international sustainable planning process that provides an

opportunity to local governments to work with their communities to create a

sustainable future.


Good Practicies 2

Local Agenda 21

Where does Local Agenda comming from?

Chapter 28 of Agenda 21 notes the pivotal role of local government in fullfilling the objectives of sustainable

development:

„Because so many of the problems and solutions beeing adressed by Agenda 21 have their roots in local

activities, the participation and cooperation of local authorities will be a determining factor in fullfilling its

objectives…“ (Agenda 21, Chapter 28.1).


Good Practicies 3

Local Agenda 21

The guiding principles of Local Agenda 21

A continuing process

Integration

Local solutions to global problems

A community partnership


Good Practicies 4

Local Agenda 21

Community partnership – Participation: Part 1

There are a number of important reasons to ensure broad community participation in issue analysis and priority setting

Experience has shown that without the early envolvement of

the local community in planning, support for the resulting

action recommendations is weak.

Participation helps local residents to learn about and

contribute to the management of their own communities.


Good Practicies 5

Local Agenda 21

Community partnership – Participation: Part 2

Participation assists in the identification of indigenous solutions which may be the most immediate and effective way to adress a problem.

Experience has shown that problem - ranking is as strongly influenced by people´s perception as by hard scientific data. Priority setting should favour both.


Good Practicies 6

Local Agenda 21 Steps involved in developing Local Agenda 21

GETTING STARTED

Make a commitment at a policy and budgetary level to undertake a LA 21 program.

Create a climate of support and awareness of what LA 21 is about.

Set in place the decision – making structure and processes to facilitate the program with full community participation.


Good Practicies 7

Local Agenda 21

SETTING PRIORITIES Jointly define (Council and community) a vision of what

sustainability will mean to the area in the long term and what priority issues need to be addressed to achieve the vision.

Assess what the council and community are already doing or need to do to address these issues.

Preparing Local Agenda 21 Policies and action plans:

Draft policy statements, management plans and action

plans, which are integrated with the Council´s corporate and

strategic planning process and linked with other community

environmental initiatives.


Good Practicies 8

Local Agenda 21

IMPLEMENTATION

Build on existing initiatives.

Establish systems to ensure that the plan is

implemented, for example environmental

management systems.

Set up and continue partnerships to maintain

the program in the long term.


Good Practicies 9

Local Agenda 21

EVALUATION

Evaluation – Reporting an Review Mechanisms

Set in place mechanisms and systems that ensure a long term commitment to the

monitoring, review and evaluation of the LA 21 program


Good Practices 10

Local Agenda 21

LA 21 Community Aflenz/Austria-Styria

Realized Projects: •Reinvention of traditional festivities •Neigbourhood Aid •Sommerkindergarden •Local farmers market •Senior care home •Grants for the local economy •Drinking water fountain 82 Brunner - Participation - Novi Sad

Good Practicies 11

Citizen Jury – Obere Neutorgasse Graz/Austria

• Start: 2002 / 2003 Jan. 30 – Feb. 2 and Feb. 6 – 8

• Involved: 65 citizens & 16 experts

• Object area: Obere Neutorgasse – Inner city one way road

• Questions: Traffic, pedestrian zone, parking area, public space design, green zones,…

• Initiator/Client: City of Graz

• Moderation: Forum b (Germany)

• Realized: 2004/05


Good Practicies 12

Citizen Jury – Obere Neutorgasse Graz/Austria

•River Mur balcony •Fountain sculpture •New paving •Plaza design in front of church •Street crossing construction •Benches on green area •Pavement cafe •Visualisation oft the entrance area

Results


Good Practices 13

Citizen Jury – Obere Neutorgasse Graz Austria

The results


Good Practice 14

Consensus Conference Zeit für Graz (Time for Graz)


Good Practice 15

Time for Graz Start: 2006 Circumstances: Prevention of migration in surrounding districts and communities through enhancement of quality of life Client: City of Graz: Involved: All 17 urban districts – direct as participants nearly 1300 citizens Object area: The whole city – 17 districts Moderation/Organisation: Private consulter from Austria and Switzerland (Ecos) Evaluation and Scientific steering: University of Graz Questions and aims: drafted by involved people, like traffic, environment, river Mur, migration-integration, land use planning, bicycle routes, youth,… Methods: Planning workshops & Consensus Conferences Results: 10 consensus papers and an action program

Realized 2010: 20 projects; traffic calming , Annenstraße, brochure for migrants,… 87 Brunner - Participation - Novi Sad

Good Practice 16

More Time for Graz Citizen Participation Advisory Borad


Good Practices 17

History of Participation in Graz

• 1970: Protest against motorway through the city (Eggenberg) – petition from 37.000 inhabitants (Citizens Initiative)→demission of the mayor

• 1973: Department of Citizen Participation / Citizens Initiatives • 1975: Plebiscite→new planning (tunnel) • 1980s: 213 citizen Initiatives • 1990s: about 100 → more basic democratic elements • 2000s: top down and bottom up planning → new local governance • 2003: Citizens Jury • 2007: Consensus Conference „Zeit für Graz“ • 2009: Citizen Partcipation Advisory Borad • 2010: 76 ; 45 active groups • 2012: Development of guidlines for citizens‘ participation


Good Practices 18

Various Examples (A, D)

• Local Agenda 21 Graz (Ökoprofit, G.O.A.L)

• Local Agenda 21 Vienna / Alsergrund

• Local Agenda 21 Ingolstadt (Bavaria/Germany)

• Regional Cluster Hartberg/Styria/A

• Waste Management Plan Vienna

• Development Concept Möll Valley/Carinthia/A


Good Practicies 20

Shared Space „Sonnenfelsplatz“ (Graz)


Method: Charette 2009 - 2011

Good Practicies 21

„Annenstraße –Annenviertel“ (Graz)


Various levels and methods ! 1996, 2009-2012

Good practicies 23

Examples from Serbia

Papers/Case Studies - Public Participation

• Local Agenda 21 Novi Sad (Marko Reba & Eleonora Kokai-Zivanov 2011

• Youth participation – Conf. Youth for Sustainable Development (Vesna Petrovic & Zorica Slijepcevic 2011; Tanja Bozic 2011)

• Waste management – „lets clean up Serbia“ (Vesna Petrovic & Zorica Slijepcevic 2011)


Practical Exercises 1

Participation

• Launching participation process

• Preparing participation process

• Implementing participation process

• Public relations in participation process



World Cafe

Cafe Etiquette

• Focus on what matters • Contribute your thoughts • Speak your mind on heart

• Listen to unterstand • Link and connect ideas

• Listen together for insights and deeper questions • Play, Doodle, Draw –writing on the tablecloth sheets is

encouraged • Have fun



World Cafe


Thank you for your attention !

[email protected]


participation part 1 msdp 2012

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