participation of australians and tasmanians in exercise ... · erass was conducted quarterly with...

[2006]

Participation of Australians and Tasmanians in exercise, recreation and sport

An analysis of the 2007 Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey (ERASS) results


2007

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Contents

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3

Definitions ...................................................................................................................................................... 3

Total participation ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Regular participation .................................................................................................................................... 4

Participation five or more times per week ............................................................................................ 5

Regular participation by selected demographic characteristics* ...................................................... 5

Education level ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Labour force status ................................................................................................................................. 5 Indigenous status ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Language spoken at home ..................................................................................................................... 6

Total participation by gender .................................................................................................................... 7

Regular participation by gender ................................................................................................................ 8

Participation five or more times per week by gender ......................................................................... 8

Total participation by age ........................................................................................................................... 9

Regular participation by age ....................................................................................................................... 9

Participation five or more times per week by age ............................................................................ 10

Most popular activities ............................................................................................................................. 11

Total participation in organised activities ............................................................................................ 13

Regular participation in organised activities ........................................................................................ 14

Most popular organised activities .......................................................................................................... 15

Summary: Key Tasmanian 2007 Exercise, Recreation and Sport Findings .................................. 16

References .................................................................................................................................................. 18


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Introduction

The Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey (ERASS) is funded by the Australian Sports Commission and state and territory government agencies responsible for sport and recreation. The ERASS collects information on the frequency, duration, nature and type of activities of persons aged 15 years and over for exercise, recreation and sport during the 12-month period prior to interview. The ERASS has been collecting this information since 2001. The 2007 ERASS was conducted quarterly with an annual total of 16 400 respondents. This paper incorporates selected information from the ERASS Annual Report 2007 to provide an overview of the key findings on the participation of Australians and Tasmanians in activities for exercise, recreation and sport. This paper includes information under the following headings:

• Total participation

• Regular participation

• Participation five or more times per week

• Regular participation by selected demographic characteristics

• Participation by gender

• Participation by age

• Most popular activities

• Participation in organised activities

• Most popular organised activities. Time series and state/national level comparisons are provided where available.

Definitions

Total participation: For any group, this is the number of persons who participated in physical activity for exercise, recreation or sport at least once in the last 12 months, expressed as a percentage of the population in the same group.

Regular participation: For any group, this is the number of persons who participated in

physical activity for exercise, recreation or sport at least three times per week* on average. This is the ERASS definition of ‘regular’ participation in physical activity.

Participation five or For any group, this is the number of persons who participated in more times per week: physical activity for exercise, recreation or sport five or more times

per week*. This measure is included in this paper as it aligns with the National Physical Activity Guidelines minimum frequency recommendation (see page 3).

* ‘Per week’ statistics are calculated by dividing the number of times individuals participated during the 12 months prior to interview by 52 (the number of weeks in a year).


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Total participation

In 2007, 79.4 per cent of Australians (13 million) aged over 15 years participated at least once in physical activity for exercise, recreation or sport. This is referred to as the total participation rate. As can be seen in Table 1, the national trend of steadily increasing participation was reversed in 2006, when the participation rate of Australians decreased to a rate lower than has been seen since 2002. This downward trend continued in 2007. Contrary to the 2006 finding that Tasmanians participated at a rate higher than the national rate, in 2007 the Tasmanian participation rate was slightly lower than the national rate. In addition, after being ranked the third highest state/territory in terms of total participation in 2006, Tasmania was ranked the second lowest state/territory in 2007, ranking above only New South Wales (77.9 per cent). Tasmania has been ranked in the lowest three of all states and territories every year the survey has been conducted, except for in 2006. The Australian Capital Territory had the highest total participation rate in 2007 (86 per cent), more than five percentage points above any other state or territory and significantly higher than the national rate. Table 1: Australian and Tasmanian total participation rates in physical activityª, 2001-2007 Year Australia (%) Tasmania (%) 2001 77.8 77.2 2002 77.8 75.9 2003 82.5 80.7 2004 82.8 81.4 2005 83.3 81.2 2006 80.5 81.5 2007 79.4 78.4 ª Relates to persons aged 15 years and over who participated in physical activity for exercise, recreation and sport at least once over a 12-month period prior to interview.

Regular participation

Less than half of all Australians (43.5 per cent) participated in three or more physical activity sessions per week in 2007. Participation three or more times per week is referred to as the regular participation rate. As can be seen in Table 2, in 2007 Tasmania’s regular participation rate matched the national rate. Whilst the total participation rate decreased nationally and in Tasmania from 2006 to 2007, Table 2 shows that the regular participation rate increased over this period. Those who are participating in physical activity did so more regularly in 2007 than 2006. In 2007, regular participation in physical activity increased both nationally and in Tasmania for the first time since 2004. Further, Tasmania was ranked in the middle of the states and territories in regards to regular participation, with Victoria (43.2 per cent), New South Wales (42.5 per cent) and South Australia (41.2 per cent) following behind. The Australian Capital Territory had the highest regular participation rate, at 50.9 per cent.


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Table 2: Australian and Tasmanian regular participation rates in physical activityª, 2001-2007 Year Australia (%) Tasmania (%) 2001 37.2 34.5 2002 38.8 34.5 2003 45.8 44.5 2004 47.2 45.4 2005 44.2 42.8 2006 42.8 42.6 2007 43.5 43.6 ª Relates to persons aged 15 years and over who participated in physical activity for exercise, recreation and sport three or more times per week over a 12-month period prior to interview.

Participation five or more times per week

National Physical Activity Guidelines recommend that Australians achieve at least 150 minutes of ‘moderate’ level physical activity over at least five sessions per week in order to experience the benefits of physical activity. In 2006 Tasmanians were slightly more likely than the national average to achieve the minimum frequency recommendation, with 25.1 per cent of Tasmanians participating five or more times per week (up 0.3 per cent from 2006). Nationally, 24.6 per cent of Australians participated in physical activity five or more times per week (up 0.3 per cent from 2006).

Regular participation by selected demographic characteristics*

Education Level

Regular participation rates within Australia and Tasmania are correlated with level of educational attainment. In 2007 around 50 per cent of Australians with a university degree or higher qualification participated in three or more physical activity sessions per week. The rate is slightly higher for those with the highest level of educational attainment in Tasmania, at around 53 per cent. Nationally, those still in secondary school closely follow, with a national regular participation rate of 46.6 per cent. However, the rate of regular participation for those still in secondary school in Tasmania is significantly lower than this national rate, at 40 per cent. Participation rates then decline with level of education; those who did not complete the highest level of secondary school have the lowest regular participation rate at 36.9 per cent nationally and 32.4 per cent in Tasmania.

Labour Force Status

At a national level, labour force participation had little impact on regular participation rates in 2007. In Tasmania, part time employees had the highest regular participation rate (47.1 per cent), followed by full-time employees (43.7 per cent) and those not in the labour force (41.9 per cent). In 2007, unemployed Tasmanians had the lowest regular participation rate at 39.6 per cent.

*State level demographic information was not available prior to 2007; therefore time series comparisons at the state level are not possible.


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Indigenous Status

Information based on Indigenous status was collected for the first time in 2005, with results then revealing that the regular participation rate was greater for non-Indigenous (44.2 per cent) than for Indigenous Australians (40.9 per cent). This trend continued in 2007; however the gap decreased quite significantly, with the regular participation rate of Indigenous persons increasing from 34.6 per cent in 2006 to 41.5 per cent in 2007 – just two percentage points lower than the regular participation rate of non-Indigenous persons. Further, the national regular participation rate of Indigenous persons increased from 2005 to 2007, whereas that for non-Indigenous Australians showed a decrease. The gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous persons in Tasmania is more significant and at 36.1 per cent** the regular participation rate of Indigenous Tasmanians is lower than the national regular participation rate of Indigenous persons.

Language Spoken at Home

Information about language spoken at home was also collected for the first time in 2005, when results indicated that those speaking English or other European languages at home had a higher regular participation rate (45.0 per cent and 44.1 per cent respectively) than those speaking non-European languages at home (30.9 per cent). In 2006 this gap reduced quiet significantly, with the regular participation rate of those speaking non-European languages at home increasing to 38.6 per cent and that of those speaking English or other European languages at h ome dropping slightly to 43.3 per cent and 40.6 per cent respectively. This trend continued in 2007.

*Estimate has a relative standard error of between 25 per cent and 50 per cent and should be used with caution.


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Total participation by gender

Nationally, over the seven years that data has been collected, males have consistently participated at a higher total rate than females. However, the difference between male and female participation rates has been gradually decreasing over this time and in 2006 there was no difference, as shown in Figure 1. In 2007 however, males again had a slightly higher total participation rate than females. Figure 1: Australian total participation rates by gender, 2001-2007

79.878.7

82.6 83.0 83.5

80.579.6

75.977.0

82.4 82.6 83.1

80.579.1

72.0

74.0

76.0

78.0

80.0

82.0

84.0

86.0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Part

icip

atio

n R

ate

(%)

Males Females

As shown in Figure 2, contrary to the national trend in 2007, the total participation rate in Tasmania was greater for females than for males. Tasmanian females have had a higher total participation rate than Tasmanian males for five of the seven years in the ERASS history. However, after reaching its highest rate in the survey history in 2006, the total female participation rate in Tasmania decreased to its lowest level in five years in 2007. This change was not as severe as that experienced in males; the total participation rate of Tasmanian males decreased significantly in 2007, to the lowest rate experienced since 2001. Figure 2: Tasmanian total participation rates by gender, 2001-2007

77.176.3

82.081.5

80.980.5

75.7

80.481.080.9

74.9

81.980.8

78.6

72.0

74.0

76.0

78.0

80.0

82.0

84.0

86.0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Part

icip

atio

n (%

)

Males Females


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Regular participation by gender

Regular participation rates of males and females nationally and in Tasmania have remained quite steady since 2003. Unlike in the total participation rates category, there was little change in the regular participation rates of males and females between 2006 and 2007; however positively, all increased slightly. As shown in Figure 3, in 2007 females had a significantly higher regular participation rate than males, both nationally (46.9 per cent compared to 40.1 per cent) and in Tasmania (48.6 per cent compared to 38.3 per cent). Figure 3: Australian and Tasmanian regular participation rates by gender, 2007

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Australia Tasmania

Participation (%

)

Males

Females

Participation five or more times per week by gender

In line with the gender differences evident in regular participation rates, females have a higher rate of participation five or more times per week than males. As shown in Figure 3, in 2007 females had a higher five or more times per week participation rate than males, both nationally (26.6 per cent compared to 22.6 per cent) and in Tasmania (27.8 per cent compared to 22.2 per cent). Figure 4: Australian and Tasmanian rates of participation five or more times per week by gender, 2007

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Australia Tasmania

Participation (%

)

Males

Females


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Total participation by age

In 2007, national total participation rates declined with age, as shown in Table 3. The same was true for Tasmania’s total participation rates, with the highest participation rate among those aged 15-24 years and the lowest among those aged 65 years and over. However, despite having the lowest rate, the 65 years and over age group has experienced the largest growth in participation between 2001 and 2007, both nationally and within Tasmania. Of concern is the 15-24 year age group, which has experienced decline in total participation both nationally and in Tasmania between 2001 and 2007. Table 3: Australian and Tasmanian total participation rates by age, 2001 and 2007 Australia Tasmania Age Group 2001 2007 2001 2007 15-24 88.8 84.4 90.5 87.9 25-34 85.3 84.7 84.0 87.7 35-44 80.6 83.5 79.0 82.3 45-54 75.4 77.9 77.3 73.7 55-64 70.2 75.4 70.6 70.3 65+ 60.1 68.0 59.0 69.9

Regular participation by age

As illustrated in Figure 5, nationally in 2007, those aged 55-64 years had the highest regular participation rate. As illustrated in Figure 4, 15-24 year old Australians had the lowest national rate of regular participation, closely followed by those aged 65 years and over. Similarly, within Tasmania, 15-24 year olds had the lowest regular participation rate. The 25-34 year old age group in Tasmania had a significantly higher regular participation rate than any other age group in Tasmania 2007. This rate was also significantly higher than the national rate for this age group. Figure 5: Australian and Tasmanian regular participation rate by age, 2007

44.0 46.2

43.542.2 43.4

45.6

42.7

54.2

40.138.142.342.2

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Age Group

Part

icip

atio

n R

ate

(%)

Australia Tasmania


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Participation five or more times per week by age

Nationally in 2007, as in 2006, those aged over 55 were most likely to participate at the five times per week frequency rate recommended in the National Physical Activity Guidelines. As illustrated in Figure 4, those aged between 15 and 44 years share a lower rate of participation five or more times per week compared to the older age groups, nationally. Within Tasmania, those aged 65 years and over had the highest participation rate at the five or more times per week frequency level, whilst those aged 15-24 had the lowest. This represents a significant change from 2006, when 15-24 year olds had the highest rate of participation at this level in Tasmania (31.5 per cent). In Tasmania, the five or more times per week participation rate increased from 2006 to 2007 for all age groups aside from 15-24 year olds. Figure 6: Australian and Tasmanian participation five or more times per week, by age, 2007

28.026.4

22.5

22.1

22.1

29.9

25.3

28.0

21.6

19.9

27.9

26.4

15.0

17.0

19.0

21.0

23.0

25.0

27.0

29.0

31.0

15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Age Group

Part

icip

atio

n R

ate

(%)

Australia Tasmania


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Most popular activities

From 2001 to 2007 walking has remained the number one physical activity participated in, both nationally and within Tasmania, by both males and females. Nationally, the same activities have remained in the top 10 during the seven year survey history. These activities and their 2007 rank order by highest total participation rate are illustrated in Table 4. Of the activities within the top 10, aerobics/fitness has experienced the greatest increase in participant numbers nationally since 2001, increasing by 68 per cent. Other sports to experience large increases since 2001 include walking (24 per cent), football (outdoor) (24 per cent), bushwalking (17 per cent), running (15 per cent) and cycling (11 per cent). Sports experiencing decreases in this period include golf (-26 per cent), tennis (-31 per cent), swimming (-19 per cent) and netball (-15 per cent).

Table 4: Top 10 physical activities in Australia, 2007

Rank Activity

Participation rate (%)

1 Walking (other than bush) 33 2 Aerobics/ Fitness 20.2 3 Swimming 12.0 4 Cycling 9.7 5 Running 7.6 6 Tennis 5.8 7 Bushwalking 5.7 8 Golf 5.6 9 Football (outdoor) 4.2 10 Netball 3.2


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The top 10 activities participated in by Tasmanians in 2007 were similar to the national top 10. The only exception was the inclusion of Australian Rules Football in Tasmania’s list and the according exclusion of football (outdoor). Interestingly, total participation in walking in Tasmania decreased from 41.3 per cent in 2006 to 36.8 per cent in 2007. Also, football (outdoor) and fishing were removed from the list after inclusion in 2006, decreasing in total participation from 3.7 per cent and 4.0 per cent respectively in 2006 to 2.6 per cent and 2.4 per cent respectively in 2007. Netball was a new inclusion to the Tasmanian top 10 list, with the total participation rate increasing from 3.4 per cent in 2006 to 4.2 per cent in 2007.

Table 5: Top 10 physical activities in Tasmania, 2007

Rank Activity


1 Walking (other than bush) 36.8 2 Aerobics/ Fitness 15.8 3 Swimming 11.2 4 Bushwalking 9.8 5 Cycling 9.3 6 Running 6.2 7 Netball 4.2 7 Tennis 4.2 9 Golf 4.0 10 Australian Rules Football 3.6


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Total participation in organised activities

During 2007, 38 per cent of Australians participated at least once in physical activity organised by a club, association, fitness centre or other organisation. This is illustrated in Figure 5, which shows that national participation in organised physical activity is at its lowest rate in the seven year survey history. As also shown, Tasmania’s rate of participation in organised activities was higher in 2007 than 2006, when it experienced an all time low. Figure 7: Australian and Tasmanian total participation in organised activities, 2001-2007

40.942.7 42.7

41.8

39.1

42.7

38.0

39.938.3

38.4

34.0

42.0

38.7

40.9

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Year

Part

icip

atio

n R

ate

(%)

Australia Tasmania

Tasmania was ranked in the middle of all states and territories with regard to total organised participation and the range of rates was relatively small, the lowest being 36.5 per cent (Queensland) and the highest 43.2 per cent (Australian Capital Territory). Both nationally and in Tasmania, males had a higher rate of total organised participation than females in 2007 (39.7 per cent compared to 36.4 per cent and 39.4 per cent compared to 37.2 per cent). This gap between males and females with regard to total organised participation has been evident in each year the survey has been conducted and has varied in magnitude; however in 2007 the gap is smaller than ever before, at 3.3 per cent nationally and 2.2 per cent in Tasmania.


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Regular participation in organised activities

During 2007, 11.2 per cent of Australians participated regularly in physical activity organised by a club, association, fitness centre or other organisation. This is illustrated in Figure 6, which shows that national regular participation in organised physical activity has increased since 2007. As also shown Tasmania’s rate of regular participation in organised activities increased in 2007, after experiencing a decline over the past two years. Although males have a higher total participation rate in organised activity, the rate of regular participation in organised activity is slightly higher for Tasmanian females (10.5 per cent) than Tasmanian males (9.3 per cent), mirroring the national trend. Figure 8: Australian and Tasmanian regular participation in organised activities, 2001-2007

10.4

11.5 11.3 11.3

9.79.9

11.2

9.49.9

7.9 7.7

10.6

9.0

11.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Year

Part

icip

atio

n R

ate

(%)

Australia Tasmania


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Most popular organised activities

Table 5 shows the top 10 organised physical activities in Australia in 2007. The top five activities have remained the same since 2001. Martial arts is a new inclusion to the top 10organised activities list in 2007 as well as lawn bowls.

Table 6: Top 10 organised physical activities in Australia, 2007

Rank Activity


1 Aerobics 9.9 2 Golf 3.1 3 Netball 2.7 4 Tennis 2.6 4 Football (outdoor) 2.6 6 Basketball 2.2 7 Swimming 1.9 8 Touch Football 1.7 9 Cricket (outdoor) 1.6 9 Martial Arts 1.6

Table 6 shows the top 10 organised physical activities in Tasmania in 2007. This was the first year in which information about participation in specific organised activities was provided at the state level. Differences between Tasmania and Australia with regard to top 10 organised activities include that Australian Rules Football and lawn bowls appear in the Tasmanian list but not in the Australian list, and accordingly that cricket (outdoor) and touch football do not appear in the Tasmanian top 10 organised activities list.

Table 7: Top 10 organised physical activities in Tasmania, 2007

Rank Activity


1 Aerobics 8.7 2 Netball 3.5 3 Australian Rules Football 3.1 4 Golf 2.7 5 Tennis 2.2 6 Martial Arts 2.1 6 Basketball 2.1 8 Football (outdoor) 1.8 8 Lawn Bowls 1.8 10 Swimming 1.5


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Summary: Key Tasmanian 2007 Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey Findings

• National results suggest that while total participation in physical activity (at least

once in the 12 months prior to survey) has not increased since last year, regular participation (three or more times per week) is growing, with the regular participation rate increasing from 37.2 per cent in 2002 to 43.5 per cent in 2007.

Tasmanian participation

• In Tasmania, total participation in physical activity has increased over the past seven years, from 280 800 (77.2 per cent) in 2001, to 299 900 (78.4 per cent) in 2007. Whilst this long term increase is positive, it should be noted that the total participation rate in Tasmania did decrease between 2006 (81.5 per cent) and 2007 (78.4 per cent). Prior to this the rate had increased every year since 2002.

• However, the Tasmanian rate of regular participation in physical activity did increase from 2006 to 2007, up from 42.6 per cent to 43.6 per cent. The Tasmanian rate matches the national rate and is up almost 10 per cent from 2001 (34.5 per cent). So, whilst compared to the national rate Tasmanians are participating at a lower rate overall, those Tasmanians who are participating are doing so more regularly (compared to the national regular participation rate).

• Further, Tasmanians are slightly more likely than the national average to achieve the National Physical Activity Guidelines minimum frequency recommendation of five 30 minute physical activity sessions per week, with 25.1 per cent of Tasmanians participating five or more times per week compared to the national average of 24.6 per cent. Like the regular participation rate, the rate of participation five or more times per week also increased from 2006 to 2007 (by 0.3 per cent). Data is not available to allow state level time series comparison prior to 2006.

Gender

• Total participation rates remain relatively equal for males and females in Tasmania; however, males have a higher total rate of participation in organised activities than females (39.4 per cent compared to 37.2 per cent).

• Despite this, and following the national trend, females have a higher regular participation rate than males (48.6 per cent compared to 38.3 per cent), and also a higher rate of participation five or more times per week (27.8 per cent compared to 22.2 per cent).

• In line with this, although females have a lower rate of total participation in organised activity, they have a higher rate of regular participation in organised physical activity than males (10.5 per cent compared to 9.3 per cent).


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Age

• In Tasmania, total participation remains highest among those aged 15-24 years (87.9 per cent) and declines with age. In 2007, the total participation rate of those aged 65 years and over was 69.9 per cent. Despite having the lowest total participation rate, the 65 years and over age group has experienced the biggest growth in total participation since 2001, increasing by 10.9 per cent during this time.

• In 2007, the 25-34 year age group had the highest rate of regular participation in Tasmania and at 54.2 per cent this was much higher than the national rate for the same age group (43.5 per cent). The lowest rate of regular participation was among 15-24 year olds (38.1 per cent).

• The 15-24 year age group also had the lowest rate of participation five or more times per week (19.9 per cent), after having the highest rate at this frequency in 2006 (31.5 per cent). Those aged 65 years and over were more likely than any other age group to participate five or more times per week (29.9 per cent) despite having the lowest total participation rate.

Organised physical activity

• National total participation in physical activity organised by a club, fitness centre or other organisation reached an all time low of 38.3 per cent in 2007 and Tasmania’s rate (38 per cent) matched this figure. This finding represents a 1.9 per cent decrease in total organised physical activity in Tasmania since 2001 and a 4.0 per cent decrease from 2003, when the total organised participation rate reached an all time high of 42 per cent.

• However, Tasmania’s rate of regular participation in organised physical activity has increased since 2001, from 9.9 per cent in 2001 to 11.2 per cent in 2007. The current rate of regular organised participation is similar to the all time high of 11.5 per cent experienced in 2003.

Most popular activities

• The most popular physical activity for males and females in 2007, nationally and in Tasmania, was walking with 36.8 per cent of Tasmanians aged over 15 years participating in this activity for exercise, recreation or sport at least once in the 12 months prior to survey.

• Martial arts was included in the top 10 organised physical activities in Tasmania for the first time in 2007, with a participation rate of 2.1 per cent. Differences at a national and state level with regard to the most popular organised physical activities include that Australian Rules Football (3.1 per cent) and lawn bowls (1.8 per cent) make the Tasmanian top 10 list but are not on the Australian list and accordingly that cricket (outdoor) (1.6 per cent) and touch football (1.7 per cent) are on the Australian but not on the Tasmanian list.


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References

Standing Committee on Recreation and Sport (2008). Participation in Exercise, Recreation and Sport 2007. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian Sports Commission. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2005). How much physical activity is sufficient? Retrieved October 18, 2006, from <http://www.aihw.gov.au/riskfactors/faqs.cfm#Activity> To view the complete national ERASS annual report 2007 visit:

www.ausport.gov.au/information/scors/ERASS


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CONTACT DETAILS Sport and Recreation Tasmania 22 Elizabeth Street Hobart TAS 7000 Australia GPO Box 646 Hobart TAS 7001 Australia Ph: 1800 252 476 Fax: +61 3 6233 5800 Email: [email protected] Web: www.development.tas.gov.au/sportrec

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