Part II

What SHAKEN

already knows

SHAKEN’s Components

• What SHAKEN already knows is organized in components

• We will look only at the components needed for this test

• We show 4 (or 3) slides per component:1. An English description2. The definition of the component3. A simple graphical representation of it4. A graphical representation as you see it in SHAKEN

• After each slide, you can look at it in SHAKEN from your laptop

Overview

– Penetrate– Move– Attach– Release– Detach– Take-Control– (and many more)

– Virus– Cell, membrane,

cytoplasm, nucleus

– DNA, RNA– Enzyme– (and many more)

NOTE: SHAKEN’s knowledge is not yet comprehensive

Penetrate (English)

Penetrate: The agent creates a portal in the object (a barrier), then passes through the portal, and enters the enclosure.

The subevents of a Penetrate are:

1. Breach:• The agent creates a portal in the object (a barrier)

2. Traverse: • The agent moves itself through the portal (using the portal as a

path) thereby entering the enclosure.

Penetrate (definition)

• Definition: Breach then Traverse • Required slot: agent

• Restriction: causes (is agent of) the Breach

• Restriction: traverses (moves self through) the Breach

• Required slot: object • Restriction: a Barrier

• Restriction: Breached by the agent

Penetrate (simplified graph)

Entity

agentobject

Entity

Penetrate

Penetrate (graph)

Move (English)

An agent causes a change of location of an object, changing the object’s location from source to destination through a path. The object must not be restrained and the path must not be blocked.

Move (definition)

• Definition: object changes location• Required slot: object

• Restriction: a Tangible-Entity • Restriction: location changes

• Primary slot: agent • Restriction: causes object's location to change

• Primary slot: source • Restriction: Place • Restriction: = original location of object

• Primary slot: destination • Restriction: Place • Restriction: = final location of object

• Primary slot: path • Restriction: Place • Restriction: = transient location of object

Move (simplified graph)

object

Move (graph)

Attach (English)

Connect a “minor object” to a “major object”.

e.g. “John attached a picture to the wall”.

Attach (definition)

• Definition: establish a link from a “minor” object to a “major” object

• Required slot: the-major-object • Restriction: a Tangible-Entity

• Comment: the object being attached to

• Required slot: the-minor-object • Restriction: a Tangible-Entity

• Comment: the object being attached to the-major-object

Attach (definition continued)

• Primary slot: instrument • Restriction: a Tangible-Entity • Comment: the instrument of the Attach is not the connector, it

is a Tangible-Entity used to establish the attachment; the connector is the instrument of the Be-Attached-To state

• Primary slot: agent • Restriction: causes object to be Attached to the destination

**Attach puts its object into a Be-Attached-To state, which can be undone by Detaching the object. The two Entities are not on equal footing. The destination may be Moved. The object may only be Moved along the destination Entity (that is, a Move with path equal to the location of the destination of the Be-Attached-To).

Attach (simplified graph)

the-object-being-attached-to the-object-being-attached

Attach (graph)

Release (English)

Allow an object to be moved out of its enclosure.

Release (definition)

• Definition: allow an object to be moved out of its enclosure

• Required slot: object • Restriction: a Tangible-Entity

• Required slot: location • Restriction: is inside an enclosure

• Primary slot: agent • Restriction: causes object to be Released

• Primary slot: instrument • Restriction: the thing used to release the object

Release (graph)

Detach (English)

An agent removes the link that attaches an object to a source. An instrument is used to remove the connection.

Detach (definition)• Definition: remove the link attaching an object to a destination • Required slot: object

• Restriction: a Tangible-Entity

• Required slot: source • Restriction: a Tangible-Entity

• Primary slot: instrument • Restriction: a Tangible-Entity • Comment: the instrument of the Detach is not the connector, it is a Tangible-

Entity used to remove the connection; the connector is the instrument of the Be-Attached-To state

• Primary slot: agent • Restriction: causes object to be no longer Attached to the source

**Detach takes its object out of a Be-Attached-To state, which is the result of Attaching the object to a destination (which is the source of the Detach). As a result of the Detach, the object is free to

Move independently of the source.

Detach (simplified graph)

the-object-being-detached-from

the-object-being-detached

Detach (graph)

Virus (English)

• A virus, by any other name, is a virus.

• Most people believe it is a very evil thing that you don’t want to get.

• The main thing is to avoid shaking hands with other people, really…

• I saw one once in the Discovery channel. They are really weird looking.

Virus (definition)

A very, very, very simple one:

• has-part: Viral-Nucleic-Acid

• has-part: Protein-coat

• location: a place

Virus (graph)

Cell (English)

• A circle with a bunch of thingies in it.

• The nucleus is very important, at least some of the time.

• Mitochondria abound.

Cell (specification)

A very, very, very simple one:

• has-part: Cytoplasm

• has-part: Plasma-membrane, Nucleus

• location: a place

Cell (graph)

Nucleus