parrmacognosy a quick review
TRANSCRIPT
PHARMACOGNOSY
QUICK REVIEW
BY:-
G. TARUN KUMAR REDDY{ 3rd year 2nd sem }
11AF1R0044
KRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE
PICRORHIZA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots &rhizomes
of Picrorhiza kurroa royle.
FAMILY:- Scrophulariaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:-
Iridoid glycosides, Picrohizin.
USES:- Antiperiodic, Bitter tonic.
KAPUR KACHRI
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from roots
&rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum.
FAMILY:- Zingirberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Cineole, Limonene.
USES:- Insect repellent, Expectorant.
BAHERA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried fruit of
Terminalia belerica.
FAMILY:- Combretaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Chebulagic acid, Linoleic acid.
USES:- Astringent, Antidiabetic.
CAPSICUM
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripe fruits of
Capsicum frutescens.
FAMILY:- Solanaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Carotenoids, Ascorbic acid.
USES:- Nerve stimulant, Carminative.
DILL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried fruits of
Anethum graveolens.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Thymol, Dihydrocarvone.
USES:- Carminative, Stimulant.
AMLA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried or fresh fruits of
Emblica officinalis.
FAMILY:- Euphorbiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Phyllembelin, Ellagic acid.
USES:-Liver tonic, Aperient.
PIPAL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried dried fruits
of Piper longum.
FAMILY:- Piperaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Phellandrene, Dipentene.
USES:- Stomachic, Carminative.
CLOVE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried flower
bud of Eugenia caryophyllus.
FAMILY:- Myrtaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Humulen, Caryophyllene.
USES:- Stimulant, Aromatic.
CORIANDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripe
fruits of Coriandrum sativum.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Citronellal, Borneol.
USES:- Carminative, Stimulant.
ORANGE PEEL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from ripen pericarp
of Citrus chysocarpa.
FAMILY:- Rutaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Neohesperidin, Limonene.
USES:- Bitter tonic, Flavouring agent.
RASNA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried rhizomes of
Alpinia officinarum.
FAMILY:- Zingiberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Alpinin, Phlobaphenes.
USES:- Carminative, Anti-rheumatic.
CINNAMON
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried inner bark of the
tree Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume.
FAMILY:- Lauraceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Eugenol, Cinnamic aldehyde.
USES:- Flavouring agent, Germicide.
CARDAMOM
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried & ripen fruits
of Elettaria cardamomum.
FAMILY:- Zingirberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Terpenylacetate, Borneol.
USES:- Carminative, Flavouring agent.
ACACIA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried
exudation of stem & branches of Acacia Senegal.
FAMILY:- Leguminosae.
USES:- Demulcent,
Binding agent.
BLACK CATECHU
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried aqueous extract
of Acacia catechu wildenow.
FAMILY:- Leguminosae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Catechins, Quercetin.
USES:- Astringent, Antitussive.
PALE CATECHU
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried aqueous
extract of leaves & shoots of Uncaria gambier.
FAMILY:- Rubiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Tannic acid, Quercetin.
USES:- Astringent, Antidiarrhoeal.
BENZOIN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Blasmic resin obtain from
Styrax benzoin.
FAMILY:- Styraceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Cinnamic acid , Benzoic acid.
USES:- Expectorant, Antiseptic.
ALOE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Extracted from the leaves of
Aloe barbadensis.
FAMILY:- Liliaceae .
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Aloin, Anthracene glycosides.
USES:- Laxative, Cosmetic preparations.
YELLOW BEES WAX
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is a purified wax from honey
comb of the Apis dorsata.
FAMILY:- Apidae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Cerotic acid, Myricyl palmitate.
USES:- Pharmaceutical aid, preparation
of Polishes, Plasters.
MUSTARD
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripe seeds of
Brassica nigra Koch.
FAMILY:- Cruciferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Lineolic acid, Oleic acid.
USES:- Emetic, Condiment
used in making of Liniments,Plasters.
NUX VOMICA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried seeds of
Strychnous nux vomica.
FAMILY:- Loganiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Brucine, Loganin, Strychnine.
USES:- Spinal cord stimulant,
Nerve & Sex tonic.
COLOPHONY
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained through distilling
Pinus longifolia, P.echinata .
FAMILY:- Pinaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Abietic acid, Diterpene acid.
USES:- Used in making of Disinfectants,
Ointments, Medicinal plasters.
ACONITE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried tuberos of
Aconitum napellus.
FAMILY:- Ranunculaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Aconite, Picroaconitine, Neoline.
USES:- In treatment of Nuralgia &
Homeopathic preprations.
LINSEED
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripen seeds of
Linum uslitatissimum.
FAMILY:- Linaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Galacturonic acid, Mannuronic acid.
USES:- Poultice, Demulcent.
ISABGOL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried seeds of
Plantago ovate forsk.
FAMILY:- Plantaginaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Aldobionic acid, Pentosan.
USES:- Demulcent, Treatment of
Chronic constipations.
BANAFSHA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the plant
Viola odorata.
FAMILY:- Violaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Violin, Isoquinoline alkaloids.
USES:- Expectorant, Antipyretic.
SENNA LEAVES
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried the plant
Cassia angustifolia.
FAMILY:- Leguminoceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Kaempferol glycosides, Rhein.
USES:- Laxative,
Used to treat Curling's ulcer.
DATURA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from plant
Datura stramonium.
FAMILY:- Solanaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Hyoscamine, Scopolamine.
USES:- Antispasmodic, Antisialagogue.
VASAKA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried & fresh
leaves of Adhatoda vasica.
FAMILY:- Acanthaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Vasicinone, Adhatodic acid.
USES:- Expectorant, Bronchodilator.
DIGITALIS LEAVES
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried leaves of
Digitalis purpurae.
FAMILY:- Scrophulariaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Digitoxigenin, Glucogitaloxin.
USES:- Cardiotonic, Diuretic.
RAUWOLFIA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots
of Rauwolfia serpentine.
FAMILY:- Apocynaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Reserpine, Serpentine.
USES:- Sedative, Antihypertensive.
LIQUORICE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried peeled & unpeeled
roots & stolons of Glycyrrhiza glabra.
FAMILY:- Leguminosae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Liquiritin, Herniarin.
USES:- Laxative, Spasmolytic agent.
GELATIN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from partial hydrolysis of
Skin & Bones of animals.
NATURE:- Obtain as thin sheets or
as strips.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Glutin, Amino acids.
USES:- Prepration of Capsules, Suppositories.
COTTON
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is obtained from the seeds of trees
Gossypium herbaceum.
FAMILY:- Malvaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Pollysaccharids, Cellulose.
USES:- Used for Surgical dressing,
Filtering medium.
GINGIBER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the rhizome of
Zingiber officinale.
FAMILY:- Zingiberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Zingiberol, Borneol.
USES:- Carminative, Flavouring agent.
ASWAGANDHA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots &
stems of Withania somnifera.
FAMILY:- Solanaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Anaferine, Withanolides.
USES:- Aphrodisiac, Anti-tumerous agent.
SASSUREA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots
of Sausserea lappa Clarke.
FAMILY:- Compositae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Sesquiterpene, Costunolide.
USES:- Antitussive, Perfumery.
IPECAC
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots & rhizomes of
Cephaelis ipecacunha.
FAMILY:- Ipecacuanha.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Emetine, Psychotrine.
USES:- Expectorant, Emetic.
JATAMANSI
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots & rhizomes
of Nardostachys jatamansi.
FAMILY:- Valerianaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Valeranone, Sesquiterpenes.
USES:- Sedative, In Palpitation of heart.
ARJUNA BARK
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried bark
of Terminalia arjuna.
FAMILY:- Combretaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Pyrocatechol tannins, Phytosterols.
USES:- Mild diuretic, Astringent.
VAJ
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried peeled & unpeeled
rhizomes Acorus calamus.
FAMILY:- Araceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
shyobunone, asarone.
USES:- Antispasmodic, Tranquillizer.
MYRRH
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Oleo-gum resin obtained by incision of
stem Commiphora molmol.
FAMILY:- Burseraceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Cuminic acid, Sesquiterpenes.
USES:- Antiseptic, In Mouth washes.
INDIAN SQUILL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from sliced bulb
of Urginea indica kunth.
FAMILY:- Liliaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Hellibrigenin, Strophanthidin.
USES:- Expectorant, Emetic.
BELLADONNA BARK
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the
plant Atropa belladonna.
FAMILY:- Solanaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Scopolamine, Belladonnine.
USES:- Antispasmodic, Cerebral sedative.
SHANKHPUSPHI
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried plant
of Evolvulus alsinoides.
FAMILY:- Convolvulaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Betaine, Evolvine.
USES:- Antiphlogistic, Anthemintic.
EPHEDRA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried stems
of Ephedra gerardiana.
FAMILY:- Genetaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Ephedrine, Psedoephedrine.
USES:- In Mydriasis, Antiasmethic agent.
GINGELLY
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the plant
Sesamum idicum.
FAMILY:- Pedaliaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Palmitoleic,Eciosenoic .
USES:- Used in Cooking, Used to Pacify stress.
GOKHRU
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the fruits
of Tribulus terrestris.
FAMILY:- Zygophyceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Hecogenin,Neotigogenin.
USES:- Diuretic,Aphrodisiac.
ASHOKA BARK
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried stem
bark of Sarca indica.
FAMILY:- Leguminoceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Heamatoxylin,Ketosterol.
USES:- Astringent
Used in treatment of
Menorrhoegia,Leucorrhoea.
GUGGUL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the deep incisions of
stem bark of Commiphere wightii.
FAMILY:- Burseraceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Guggulsterone-z, E-guggulsteone.
USES:- -Inflammatory, Anti-rheumatic.
MYROBALAN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried mature fruits
of tree Termanalia chebula.
FAMILY:- Combrataceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Gallic acid,Glucogalon,Chebula acid.
USES:- Astringent,Laxative,Diuretic.
AJOWAN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripe fruits of
plant Trchyspermum ammi.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Thymol, P-cymene, Pinene.
USES:- Anti-spasmodic,Preparations
of Lotions & Ointments.
PSORALEA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripe ripe
fruits of plants Pscoralia corlyfoliya.
FAMILY:- Leguminosea .
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Pscorelen,Pscorelidin,Corylifolia.
USES:- Treatment of Leucoderma,Leprosy.
ANISE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- it is obtainded from dride ripen
fruits of Pimpinella anisum.
FAMILY:- Umbilliferacea.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Charicoal.Anisaldehide.
USES:- Carminative,Expectorent.
WOOL FAT
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from wool of sheep
Ovis aries linn.,
FAMILY:- Bovidae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Cholestrol, Lanoceric, Lanopalmetic.
USES:- Creams and Cosmotic preparations.
CENTELLA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from plants of
Centella asiatica.
FAMILY:- Apiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Asiatic acid,Cassic acid.
USES:- Used in Brevages,Brain tonic,
Treat Skin diseases.
BENTONITE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained by pulverization of
Colloidal Alluminium Silicate.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Montmorillonite,Ferric acid,
Magnesium oxide.
USES:- Creams, Lipsticks ,
Depilatories.
GALANGA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried rizomes
of Galanga.
FAMILY:- Zingiberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Rasnadi Churnam, Maharasnadi kashayam.
USES:- Anti malarial activity.
As ingredient in species.
SHILAJIT
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is blackish-brown
exudation,obtained from steep roots found in himalayas.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Triterpenes, humic acid,
Fulvic acid.
USES:- * Dilation of cell walls
* Acts as catalyst in assimilations
of vitamins.
ALUM SPATIKA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is Obtained from hydrated potassium
aluminium sulphate.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Cryolite, bauxite, H2SO4 ALSO4.
USES:- used in cosmetics,
astringent, Deodorant.
PUNARNAVA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from roots and leaves of
Boerhavia diffusa.
FAMILY:- Nyctaginaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Punarnavoside, Rotenoids.
Diuretic, Anti-inflammatory.
MANJISTHA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried stems
of Rakta pushpi rubia.
FAMILY:- Rubiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Rubiadin, Purpurin.
USES:- Treatment of Gouty arthritis
Treatment of Leucoderma
Blood purifier.
BORAX
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained naturally in seasonal lakes from
mineral Salts Of Boric Acid.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Anhydrous borax,
Borax pentahydrate,
Borax decahydrate.
USES:- Used for Tooth bleaching,
Used as Buffer & Complexing agent.
TALC
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained naturally from
Steatite.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Serpentine, Pyroxene, Amphibole.
USES:- * Pharmaceutical aid,
* As Lubricant in preprations
of pills .
C E L A S T R U SP A N I C U L A T U S
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried seeds of plant
woody liana.
FAMILY:- Celastraceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Malkanguniol.
USES:- Used in treatment of Memory loss.
RHUBARB
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried rhizome of
Rheum webbianum.
FAMILY:- Polygonaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Catechin, Emodin, Glucogallin.
USES:- Laxative, Antidiarrhoetic.
GENTIAN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots &
rhizomes of Gentiana lutea.
FAMILY:- Gentianceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Gentisin, Amarogentin.
USES:- Bitter tonic, to treat Anorexia.
BELLADONNA LEAVES
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from leaves of the
Atropa belladonna.
FAMILY:- Solanaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Hyoscyamine, Scopalamine.
USES:- Mydratic, Antispasmodic.
TURMERIC
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried rhizomes
of Curcuma longa.
FAMILY:- Zingiberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Curcuminoids, Tumerone.
USES:- Anti-fertility agent, Carminative.
HONEY
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Secretion Obtained from the honey
comb of Apis indica.
FAMILY:- Apidae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Invert sugars, Enzymes, Vitamins.
USES:- Pharmaceutical aid, Laxative.
KURCHI
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- consists of the dried stem bark of
Holarrhena antidysentrica.
FAMILY:- Apocynaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Conessine, Kurichicine.
USES:- Anti dysentery, Anti periodic.
TRAGACANTH
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- it is a dried gummy exudation of
Astragalus gummifer.
FAMILY:- Leguminosae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Tragacanthin, Bassorin.
USES:- Demulcent, Suspending agent.
CLOVE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- consists of the dried flower bud of
Eugenia caryophyllus.
FAMILY:- Myrtaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Eugenol, Caryophyllene.
USES:- Antiseptic, Aromatic.
VASAKA LEAVES POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- consists of powdered dried & fresh
leaves of Adhatoda vasica.
FAMILY:- Acanthaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Quniazoline, Peganine.
USES:- Expectorant. Bronchodilator.
CLOVE POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the powered dried buds
of Eugenia caryophyllus.
FAMILY:- Myrtaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Humulen, Eugenol.
USES:- Antiseptic, Aromatic.
ACACIA POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is the dried exudation of the stem &
branches of Acacia senegal.
FAMILY:- Leguminosae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Polysaccharides, Arabin.
USES:- Demulcent, Binding agent.
GINGER POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- it is a dried powered of the
rhizome Zingiber officinale.
FAMILY:- Zingiberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Geraniol, Pantothenic acid.
USES:- Carminative, Flavouring agent.
GLYCYRRHIZA POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the powered dried
roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra.
FAMILY:- Leguminoceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Liquiritin, Herniarin.
USES:- Anti-inflammatory,
Spasmolytic agent.
DILL POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the powered dried
fruits of Anethum graveolens.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Myristicin, d-limonene.
USES:- Carminative, Stimulant.
PECTIN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It obtained by dilute acid extract of
the Rind of Citrus, Apple fruits etc.,
NATURE:- Viscous, colloidal &
mucilaginous.
USES:- Treatment of diarrhoea,
Treatment of wounds,
As a substitute for blood
plasma etc.,
GOKHRU POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the powered dried fruits
of Tribulus terrestris.
FAMILY:- Zygophyceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Saponin glycosides,
Steroidsapogenins.
USES:- Diuretic, Aphrodisiac.
ARJUNA BARK POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the powered dried
barks of Terminalia arjuna.
FAMILY:- Combretaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Magnesium salts, Pyrocatechol
tannins.
USES:- Diuretic, Astringent.
AGAR
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- it is dried colloidal concerate obtained
by decoction of algae Gelidium.
FAMILY:- Gelidiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Agarose, Agaropectin.
USES:- Antiperiodic, Bitter tonic.
STRACH
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from grains of
Maize, Potato {e.g.}
FAMILY:- Solanaceae, Graminae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Amylose, Amylopectin.
USES:- Pharmaceutical aid, Antidote for iodine poisoning.
DILL FRUITS
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried fruits of
Anethum graveolens.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Phellanderene, Carvone.
USES:- Carminative, Stimulant.
ASBESTOS
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained naturally from the
Silicate minerals.
TYPES:- The types asbestos are
* Serpentine
* Amphibole{e.t.c}
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Iridoid glycosides, Picrohizin.
USES:- Earlier asbestos were used to treat impotence but due to
is several toxic effects it is banned in many countries.
R H U B A R B P O W D E R
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried powdered
rhizome of Rheum webbianum.
FAMILY:- Polygonaece.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Heterdianthrones, Catechin.
USES:- Laxative, Anti-diarrhoetic.
BLACK PEPPER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the fruit of plant
Piper nigrum.
FAMILY:- Piperaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Pinpene, Terpinen.
USES:- Used in treatment of Constipation,
Diarrhoea, Insomnia.
CARAWAY
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the fruits of
plant Carum carvi.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Anethole, Carvone, Limonene.
USES:- Used in Lotions, Perfumes.
COFFEE SEEDS
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the seeds of plant
Coffea Arabica.
FAMILY:- Rubiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Caffeine.
USES:- Used in treatment of Alzheimer’s
used in Beverages.
TEA LEAVES
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried leaves
of plant Camellia sinensis.
FAMILY:- Theaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
l-theanine, Tannins.
USES:- Used in Beverages,
Central nervous system stimulant.
GARLIC
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the bulbous of
plant Allium sativum.
FAMILY:- Amaryllidaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Pantothenic acid, Thiamine.
USES:- Used to reduce Cholosterol,
Used as Vasodilation.
CASTOR OIL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the seeds of plant
Ricinus communis.
FAMILY:- Euphorbiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Linoleic acid, Ricinoleic acid.
USES:- Used as Laxative,
Used to make Biodiesel.
CUMIN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the flowering parts
of plant Cuminum cyminum.
FAMILY:- Apiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Beta- pinene, Para-mycene.
USES:- Used in treatment of Diarrhoea,
Puerperal disorders.
TURPENTINE OIL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the resins of
Canarium australianum.
FAMILY:- Pinaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Camphene, Terpinolene.
USES:- Used in treatment of toothaches,
Used to treat nerve pains.
ASAFOETIDA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is a oleo-gum resinus obtained
from the Ferula assa-foetida.
FAMILY:- Apiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Asaresinol ferulate, Ferulic acid.
USES:- Used as Anti-flatuent,
To treat Fluenza.
MAIZE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the plant
Zea mays.
FAMILY:- Poaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Anthocyanins, Phlobaphenes.
USES:- Used as herbal supplement,
Used to produced biofuel.
KALMEGH
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the aerial parts of the
Andrographis paniculata.
FAMILY:- Acanthaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Andraographolides, Serphyllin.
USES:- Used in treatment of Stomachic,
Used to treat Dyspepsia.
KESAR
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the dried
stigma of Crocus sativus.
FAMILY:- Iridaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Picrocrocin, Safranol.
USES:- Used as Antispasmodic,
Used as Flavouring & Colouring agent.
VINCA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the whole plant of
Catharanthus roseus.
FAMILY:- Apocynaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Lochnerine, Vincristine.
USES:- Used in treatment Leukaemia,
Used as Anti-neoplastics.