1 Diagram 1.1 shows a driver that is driving under a hot sun, sees a pool of water appearing on the road ahead, but the pool of water disappears as the car approaches it.

Diagram 2.1

Diagram 1.1(a) Name this natural phenomenon as observed by the driver.

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(b) State the physics concept that is involved in this phenomenon.

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(c) (i) How is the density of the cool air compare to the density of the warm air?

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(ii) When light rays propagates from a denser medium to a less dense medium, state what happen to the direction of the refracted rays.

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(iii) Complete Diagram 1.2 to show the formation of the natural phenomenon asshown in Diagram 1.1.

Diagram 2.2

Diagram 1.2[1 mark]

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2 Diagram 2.1 shows a SONAR waves is sent by transmitter at the lower part of the boat and the echoes are detected by hydrophone.Diagram 2.2 shows the trace on the screen of oscilloscope.

Diagram 2.1 Diagram 2.2(a) What is meant by wavelenght?

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(b) Sound waves with frequency of 5.8 x 105 Hz are used to determine the depth of the sea. The speed of sound waves in sea water is 1250 ms-1. The time-base of the oscilloscope is adjusted at 50 ms cm-1. If the time interval between the transmitting and receiving a pulse of waves is 1.2 s. Calculate

(i) the depth of the sea.

[2 marks](ii) the wavelength of the sound wave.

[2 marks](c) Observe the Diagram 2.1 and 2.2.

( i ) Compare the amplitude of the reflection waves.

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(ii) Explain your answer in (c) (i)

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3 (a) Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show a transparent block made of a material with a different refractive index. A light ray travel in both blocks with the same incident angle, i.

Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2

(i) What is meant by a refractive index?

[l mark] .

(ii) Using Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2, compare the refractive index, refraction angle and critical angle between the two blocks. Base on Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2, relate the refractive index with critical angle.

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4 (i) State two conditions under which light ray would undergo total internal reflection.

[2 marks]

(ii) Diagram 4.3 shows a light ray is inciderit on a piece of Crown Glass of critical angle 42".Draw the light ray to show how a ray emerging from the Crown Glass

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5 Diagram 5.4 shows the structure of an optical fibre used in telecommunications.

Optical fibres are made of fine strands of glass. Each single glass fibre (inner core) is coated with a thin layer of another type of glass (outer cladding).You are required to give some suggestions in designing an optical fibre which can carry more information.

Explain your suggestions base on the following aspects:

(i) refractive index of the inner and outer glass

(ii) the properties of material used for optical fibre

(iii) the thickness of the glass

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6. Diagram 6.1 shows a simple electromagnet used for lifting and releasing a small metalball.

Diagram 6.1(a) In Diagram 6.1, mark the direction of the current flow in the solenoid when the switch is on.(b) (i) Name the magnetic pole at the end of the core P when the switch is on?

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[ 1 mark ](ii) State the rule used to determine the pole of the magnetic field.

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[ 1 mark ](iii) Based on the solenoid in Diagram 6.1, draw the magnetic field lines that is form around the solenoid when the switch is on. In your diagram show the direction of the magnetic field lines.

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(c) Based on Table 6, state the suitable properties to be chosen to built an electromagnet and state the reason for your choice.

(i) Material used for the core

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[ 1 mark ](ii) Reason

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[ 1 mark ](iii) Shape of the core

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[ 1 mark ](iv) Reason

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[ 1 mark ](d) The electromagnet in 6 (c) is used in an electric bell as shown in Diagram 6.2.

Explain the working principle of the electric bell.

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7 Diagram 7 shows waves which has wavelength, λ, traveling across water.

Every second, the crests of the water waves passed each flags.(a) What is meant by wavelength?

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[1 mark](b) The distance between two flags is 2 m.Calculate the velocity of the water waves.

[2 marks](c) When the stronger wind blown along the surface of water, the crests of the water waves passed the two flags in every 0.5 second.

Explain what happens to the frequency of the waves.

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8 Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 show an identical pencil is immersed in the distilled water and sea

water respectively.

Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2(a) Based on Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2,

(i) compare the bending of the pencil

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[1 mark](ii) compare the density of distilled water and the sea water

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[1 mark](iii) state the relationship between the density of water with the bending of the pencil..………………………………………………………………………………………….

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[1 mark](b) Based on Diagram 8.1, compare the size of the observed pencil inside and outside the

distilled water

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[1 mark](c) Name the phenomenon shown in Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2

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(d) Underline the correct answer in the bracket to complete the sentence below.Phenomenon in (d) happens because of the change in (velocity, frequency) of the light.

[1 mark](e) Diagram 8.3 shows a coin in a beaker filled with water. In Diagram 8.3 , draw a ray diagram from a coin to the eye to show how the image of the coin is formed.

Diagram 8.3[2 marks]

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6. Diagram 6 shows an electromagnetic spectrum

(a) (i) What is meant by electromagnetic waves?……………………………………..……………………………..

[1 mark ](ii) Give one common characteristic of the components of theelectromagnetic spectrum.

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(b) Based on the Diagram 6, give the name and the usage of componentsP and S .

[4 marks ](c) Given that the speed of electromagnetic wave is 3 x 108 m s-1.Find the wavelength of the radio wave which has a frequencyof 3.2 kHz.

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12. An echo – sounder on a ship produces a pulse of sound. A fishing boat usesthe sound echo to determine the depth of seabed. You are assigned toinvestigate the suitable characteristics of the waves that could be used todetermine the depth the seabed.

a) . State one phenomenon of waves that produces ‘ echo’

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b. Radio waves is used to detect the position of an aeroplane and sonartechnique is used to detect the shoal of fish below the boat.(i) State the difference between radio waves and sound waves.(ii) Explain why the speed of sound is greater in water than that in air?

[ 4 marks]c) Table 12.2 shows the specification of five waves P,Q,R,S and T that can be usedto determine the position of a shoal of fish.

You are required to determine the most suitable waves. Study the waves basedon the following aspects:i) The type of the waves transmittedii) The frequency of the wavesiii) The speed of the wavesiv) Penetrating power of waves

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(d) (i) If the time taken for the return of the wave is 1/15 s , calculate the depthof the shoal of fish below the boat if the speed of sound in water is 1500 ms-1 .

Jika masa yang diperlukan untuk gelombang pergi dan balik ialah1/15 s ,Hitung kedalaman kedudukan ikan jika halaju bunyi dalam air ialah1500 ms-1 .

(ii) State two other uses of an echo sounder[5 marks]

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