parenting and substance use among swiss adolescents: the ...8 aims of the study •...

XVth Biennial Conference of EARA, La Barrosa, Cadiz, Spain September 16-‐19, 2016

Parenting and substance use among Swiss adolescents: The role of disclosure and

secrecy Sophie Baudat, Grégoire Zimmermann, S5jn Van Petegem, Jean-‐Philippe

Antonie=

FAmily and DevelOpment research center (FADO), Ins9tute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland

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Introduction Adolescents’ substance use

•  In Switzerland (HBSC, Marmet et al., 2015):

Paren&ng and substance use among Swiss adolescents: The role of disclosure and secrecy

XVth Biennial Conference of EARA, La Barrosa, Cadiz, Spain. September 16-‐19, 2016

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Introduction Role of the parents

•  What we know about parents:

§  Parental monitoring à Debate (Sta=n & Kerr, 2000)


XVth Biennial Conference of EARA, La Barrosa, Cadiz, Spain

PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE

Parental solicitaLon Asking child or child’s

friends

Parental control Se=ng rules and limits about unsupervised

ac5vi5es

Disclosure Adolescent’s willingness to share informa5on

(Crouter & Head, 2002; StaJn & Kerr, 2000)

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Introduction Adolescent information agency

•  é 5me spent outside of direct parental supervision

•  Regula5on of privacy

•  Two broad categories: revealing / concealing

•  Examples:

§  Disclosure

§  Secrecy

(Finkenauer et al., 2002, Frijns et al., 2010; Marshall et al., 2005)



Related BUT dis5nct concepts

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Introduction Relational correlates of information agency

•  Parents do play a role !

§  Responsiveness/warmth, quality of the rela5onship (trust, communica5on, aliena5on)

§  Monitoring: inconsistent results



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Introduction Parenting and substance use

ParenLng Adolescent disclosure Parental

Knowledge Adolescent adjustment

•  Media5ng roles of disclosure and parental knowledge ?

(Fletcher et al., 2004; Soenens et al., 2006; Yun et al., 2016)



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Aims of the study

•  Examining the media5ng roles of disclosure, secrecy and parental knowledge

Disclosure

Parental Knowledge Secrecy

Substance Use

Dimensions of

paren5ng

Parental monitoring

Model 1: Model 2: Model 3:



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Aims of the study

•  Control variables: gender and family structure §  E.g., girls (vs. boys) report higher levels parental rules, parental solicita5on or disclosure

§  E.g., children from intact families (vs. non-‐intact) report higher levels of disclosure, parental solicita5on and knowledge

(Bumpus & Rodgers, 2009; Soenens et al., 2006; StaJn & Kerr, 2000)



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Method Study & Sample

•  Wave 1 of a longitudinal mul5 informant (adolescents + parents) study funded by the Swiss Na5onal Founda5on (SNF)

•  ParLcipants (T1)

§  1105 adolescents

§  Age range: 13-‐18 years (M = 15.08)

§  51% girls

§  71% intact families



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Method Measures

•  Dimensions of parenLng style §  Responsiveness (CRPBI; Schaefer, 1965; Schludermann & Schludermann, 1988)

o  e.g., “My parents believe in showing their love for me”

§  Psychological control (DAPCS; Mantzouranis et al., 2012) o  e.g., “My parents are only friendly with me if I rely on them instead of on my friends”

•  Parental monitoring (Sta=n & Kerr, 2000) §  Rule-‐se=ng

o  e.g., “Do you need to have your parents’ permission to stay out late on a weekday evening ?”

§  Parental Solicita5on o  e.g., “In the last month, have your parents talked with the parents of your friends ?”



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Method Measures

•  Parental knowledge (Sta=n & Kerr, 2000) §  E.g., “My parents know what I do during my free 5me”

•  InformaLon management (Sta=n & Kerr, 2000) §  Disclosure

o  e.g., “I spontaneously tell my parents about my friends [which friends I hang out with and how they think and feel about various things]”

§  Secrecy o  e.g., “I keep much of what I do in my free 5me secret from my parents”

•  Substance use (RIPS-‐R; Mantzouranis & Zimmermann, 2010)

•  Socio-‐demographic informaLon



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Results Preliminary analyses

***

**

*** ***

** p < .01, *** p < .001

** **

***



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Results Structural Equation Modeling

Responsiveness

Disclosure

Parental Knowledge

Secrecy

Substance Use

Psych Control

Rule-‐se=ng

Parental Solicita5on

Model 1:

Model 1: χ2(328) = 1001.39, p < .001, CFI = .949, RMSEA = .043 [90% CI = .040, .046], SRMR = .051

.26***

.51***

.29***

.68***

-‐.51***

-‐.34*** -‐.24***

-‐.28***

.30***



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Responsiveness

Disclosure

Parental Knowledge

Secrecy

Substance Use

Psych Control

Rule-‐se=ng


Model 1: Model 2:


.27***

.54***

.29***

.58***

-‐.51***

-‐.35*** -‐.22***

-‐.29***

.17***


.20***



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Responsiveness

Disclosure

Parental Knowledge

Secrecy

Substance Use

Psych Control

Rule-‐se=ng


Model 1: Model 2:


.30***

.53***

.29***

.58***

-‐.47***

-‐.34*** -‐.22***

-‐.29***



Model 3:

.18***

.16***

-‐.20***

-‐.16**

.27***

Model holds invariantly across groups (gender + family structure)



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Discussion & Future directions

•  Parents do play a role in the prevenLon of their children’s substance use

§  Crea5ng a family climate that fosters adolescent disclosure;

§  Providing structure = an effec5ve source of informa5on;

§  Deterring adolescent involvement in substance use by se=ng limits

and offering a warmth rela5onship.

•  Next step: bidirecLonal associaLons ? (e.g., Keijsers et al., 2010; Willoughby & Hamza, 2011)



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Thanks for your attention !

Contact & Info

E-‐mail: [email protected]

Lab webpage: www.unil.ch/fado

www.facebook.com/psyadol



parenting and substance use among swiss adolescents: the ...8 aims of the study •...

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