parasites of scavenging chickens in penang island (pdf)

8/7/2019 Parasites of scavenging chickens in Penang Island (PDF)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parasites-of-scavenging-chickens-in-penang-island-pdf 1/4

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Rava~exk~ jl ^na|koieoi Nmengko~ -Iacc{~ hjdk~xen{~% eo

Rkoaoi E~caoh/

@j{voac0 Xvjrenac Celk ^nekonk~ Vk~kavnm

Dao{~nverx EH0 Hvalx

Dao{~nverx Xurk0 Jveieoac Avxenck

Gkuyjvh~0 Nmkngce~x# Mkcdeoxm# Rava~exk

[oe|kv~exe ^aeo~ Dacau~ea Rvk~~# [oe|kv~exe ^aeo~ Dacau~ea# 11=22 Rkoaoi# Dacau~ea

Xvjrenac Celk ^nekonk~ Vk~kavnm



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Fjhu Njohexejo aoh Rava~exen Eolknxejo jl

^na|koieoi Nmengko~ eo Rkoaoi E~caoh# Dacau~ea

Lavam Mapeqam aoh Yamaf A/ Vamdao

^nmjjc jl Fejcjienac ^nekonk~# [oe|kv~exe ^aeo~ Dacau~ea# Rkoaoi# Dacau~ea/

EOXVJH[NXEJO

Dj~x jl xmk v{vac |eccaikv~ ~xecc gkkr ~na|koieoi nmengko~ eo ~dacc lcjng~/ Xmku avk accjykh xj

vaoik lvkk avj{oh xmk mj{~k jv xmk fanguavh aoh lkkh daeocu jo gexnmko ya~xk# eo~knx~# |kikxaxejo#

ljjh vkdoaox~ aoh jllac~/ H{k xj xmkev lvkk$vaoik aoh ~na|koieoi mafex~# rava~exen eolknxejo~ avk

njddjocu meim/ Dj~x jl xmk ~x{hek~ jo rava~exk~ jl Dacau~eao rj{cxvu ykvk njoleokh xj rj{cxvu lvjd

j{x~ehk Rkoaoi E~caoh -Caona~xkv# 15;97 Ckk kx ac/# 1551%/ Xme~ ~x{hu k}adeokh xmk rvk~konk jl

eoxkvoac aoh k}xkvoac rava~exk aoh vkrjvx~ jo xmk ~xaxk jl fjhu njohexejo jl ~na|koieoi nmengko~

-Iacc{~ hjdk~xen{~% jfxaeokh lvjd v{vac |eccaik~ eo Rkoaoi E~caoh# Dacau~ea/

DAXKVEAC^ AOH DKXMJH^

A xjxac jl ~e}xu ~na|koieoi nmengko~ -Iacc{~ hjdk~xen{~% njo~e~xeoi jl >2 dack aoh >2 lkdack

ah{cx nmengko~ ykvk vaohjdcu jfxaeokh lvjd |avej{~ |eccaik~ avj{oh Rkoaoi E~caoh/ Acc xmk nmengko~

ykvk fvj{imx hevknxcu lvjd xmk jyokv~/

Xj rvjh{nk a vj{im k~xedaxk jl fjhu njohexejo jl kanm nmengko# xmk |jc{dk jl xmk rknxjvac

d{~n{cax{vk ya~ rmu~enaccu k}adeokh/ Xmk o{dfkv~ hkojxeoi ~epk~ jl xmk rknxjvac d{~nck ykvk

nca~~elekh a~ -1% 4 fkcjy ojvdac fjhu njohexejo ymko xmk ~xkvo{d ya~ lkcx ka~ecu xmvj{im xmk rknxjvac

d{~n{cax{vk# -6% 4 ojvdac fjhu njohexejo ymko xmk ~xkvo{d ya~ mavhcu lkcx# aoh ->% 4 afj|k ojvdac

fjhu njohexejo ymko xmk ~xkvo{d ya~ ojx lkcx ax acc/

Xmk nmengko~ ykvk ncj~kcu k}adeokh ljv knxjrava~exk~ jo xmk kav~# njdf aoh yaxxck/ Xmk ~geo

aoh xmk lkaxmkv~ ykvk navkl{ccu k}adeokh {ohkv xmk he~~knxeoi denvj~njrk/ Xmk knxjrava~exk~ lj{oh

axxanmkh ykvk vkdj|kh aoh rvk~kv|kh eo 92+ kxmaojc ljv ehkoxelenaxejo/

A~ ~adrck~ naoojx fk xagko hevknxcu lvjd xmk ncjana# xmk nmengko~ ykvk jf~kv|kh eo xmk anx jl

hklkanaxejo aoh laknk~ ykvk njccknxkh lvjd ivj{oh/ Laknac ~adrck~ njccknxkh ykvk ~{f`knxkh xj a xk~x

x{fk lcjxaxejo dkxmjh/

Alxkv fkeoi ~ca{imxkvkh# xmk kuk~ ykvk nmkngkh ljv kukyjvd# xmk xvanmka# k~jrmai{~ xj nvjr#

xmk rvj|koxven{c{~# xmk ieppavh# xmk h{jhko{d# xmk ~dacc eoxk~xeok~# xmk nakna aoh leoaccu xmk vknx{d

ykvk vkdj|kh/ Kanm ~kidkox ya~ jrkokh aoh xmk njoxkox~ ykvk ya~mkh xmvj{im a ~xvaeokv ymeck xmk

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hkrj~ex~ ykvk xvao~lkvvkh xj a rkxve he~m ljv yjvd k}adeoaxejo/ Acc yjvd~ ykvk vkdj|kh aoh

rvk~kv|kh eo 92+ kxmaojc ljv ehkoxelenaxejo/

VK^[CX^ AOH HE^N[^ÊJO^

Dj~x jl xmk nmengko~ k}adeokh ykvk ikokvaccu jl rjjv fjhu njohexejo yexm <2/2+ aoh <</9+

jl xmk dack aoh lkdack nmengko~ vk~rknxe|kcu mah ”fkcjy ojvdac― naxkijvu/ Jocu ~e} nmengko~ mah xmk

afj|k ojvdac rknxjvac d{~n{cax{vk -Xafck 1%/

Xafck 10 Xmk fjhu njohexejo jl kanm nmengko fa~kh jo xmk |jc{dk jl xmk rknxjvac d{~n{cax{vk/

Fjhu Njohexejo ^njvk

^k} Fkcjy ojvdac Ojvdac Afj|k ojvdac

Dack 1= -<2/2+% 5 ->2/2+% > -12/2+%

Lkdack 62 -<</9+% 9 -6>/>+% > -12/2+%

Oeok ~rknek~ jl knxjrava~exk~ ykvk ehkoxelekh -Xafck 6%/ Makdarmu~ace~ ~r/ ya~ xmk jocu

~rknek~ jl xeng lj{oh eo xme~ ~x{hu a~ njon{vvkh eo rvk|ej{~ ~x{hek~ eo|jc|eoi hjdk~xen nmengko~ -Ckk

kx ac/# 1551# Adeo$Faf`kk aoh Ckk# 1558% ymeck xmk dexk~# Rxkvjcenm{~ jfx{~{~# Dkioeoea n{fexace~

aoh Jvoexmjou~~{~ ~r/ ykvk xmk xmvkk ~rknek~ jl dexk~ vknj|kvkh/ Rxkvjcenm{~ jfx{~{~ ymenm ya~ ojx

vknjvhkh eo xmk cjnac nmkng$ce~x jl rava~exk~ jl hjdk~xen nmengko ykvk jf~kv|kh ljv xmk lev~x xedk eo xme~

~x{hu/ Dkaoymeck# xmk vkdaeoeoi le|k knxjrava~exk~ ~rknek~ ykvk acc cenk/ Acc xmk k}adeokh nmengko~

ykvk lj{oh xj fk eolk~xkh yexm knxjrava~exk~/ Dj~x jl xmk nmengko~ mah fkxykko > xj ; ~rknek~ jl

knxjrava~exk~/ Ojok jl xmk nmengko~ ykvk lj{oh xj fk eolk~xkh yexm djvk xmao 9 ~rknek~ jl

knxjrava~exk~/

Jjnu~x~ jl njnnehea - Kedkvea ~r/% aoh kii~ jl A~navehjeh # Nareccavea# Nuncjrmuccehkao#

ûoiad{~ ~rknek~ ykvk jf~kv|kh lvjd <2 laknac ~adrck~ fu xmk xk~x x{fk lcjxaxejo dkxmjh/

A xjxac jl xko hellkvkox mkcdeoxm ~rknek~ ykvk vknj|kvkh# njdrve~eoi jl ~k|ko okdaxjhk~ aoh

xmvkk nk~xjhk~/ Oj xvkdaxjhk~ ykvk lj{oh/ Xmk ~rknek~ jl mkcdeoxm~ ehkoxelekh eo xmk rvk~kox ~x{hu

mah rvk|ej{~cu fkko vkrjvxkh eo xmk nmkng$ce~x jo rava~exk~ jl hjdk~xen aoedac~ eo Dacau~ea -Ckk kx

ac/# 1551# D{~xalla$Faf`kk# 15=8%/ Acc nmengko~ ykvk eolknxkh yexm djvk xmao xyj mkcdeoxm~ ~rknek~/

Xmk rvk|ackonk jl xmk okdaxjhk# Mkxkvage~ iacceoav{d ya~ meimk~x# ymenm e~ <</9+ -Xafck 6%/ Xmk

cjyk~x rkvnkoxaik jl rvk|ackonk ya~ vknjvhkh eo J}u~rev{va dao~joe -1/9+%/ Xmk meimk~x yjvd

nj{ox ya~ Mkxkvage~ iacceoav{d# ljccjykh fu Adjkfjxakoea ~rmkojehk~# Nareccavea ~rr/# Vaeccekxeoa

knmeojfjxmveha# Vaeccekxeoa xkxvaijoa# Ijoiucjokda eoic{|enjca# Xkxvadkvk~ adkvenaoa# J}u~rev{va

dao~joe# aoh A~navehea iacce vk~rknxe|kcu/ Xmk cjyk~x yjvd nj{ox ya~ vknjvhkh ljv ûoiad{~

xvanmka/

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Xafck 60 Rava~exk~ jf~kv|kh eo ~na|koieoi nmengko~ eo Rkoaoi E~caoh -o 4 <2%/

Eoxko~exu

Rava~exk~ Mafexax

Eolk~xkh

-+% Dkao Vaoik

KNXJRAVAÊXK^ Makdarmu~ace~ ~r/ njdf# yaxxck~# kav~ 1< -6</9% 16/5 1$8=

Dkioeoea n{fexace~ rc{daik 6 ->/>% 1 1$6

Rxkvjcenm{~ jfx{~{~ rc{daik 8= -=2/2% * *

Jvoexmjou~~{~ ~r/ kav~ 1 -1/9% 1 2$1

Dkojrjo iacceoak rc{daik ;< -5>/>% 1<8/8 1$1>1

Dkoanaoxm{~ racceh{c{~ rc{daik >< -<2/2% 1;/2 1$1<

Cerk{v{~ narjoe~ rc{daik 89 -9=/>% >1/2 1$;8

Ijoejnjxk~ iacceoak rc{daik 1< -6</9% 9/< 1$12

Ijoejhk~ he~~edece~ rc{daik 12 -1</9% 9/9 1$5

KOHJRAVAÊXK^

J}u~rev{va dao~joe kuk~ 1 -1/9% >2/2 1$>2

ûoiad{~ xvanmka xvanmka 6 ->/>% 1/2 1$6

Xkxvadkvk~ adkvenaoa rvj|koxven{c{~ 5 -1;/2% 8/9 1$12

Mkxkvage~ iacceoav{d nakna# ~dacc eoxk~xeok 86 -<</9% 8=/5 1$>19

Nareccavea ~rr/ nakna >2 -;2/2% 61/5 1$;;

A~navehea iacce h{jhko{d# ieppavh# ~dacc eoxk~xeok 18 -6>/>% 6/1 1$;

Ijoiucjokda eoic{|enjca nvjr 18 -6>/>% =/; 1$>6

Vaeccekxeoa knmeojfjxmveha ~dacc eoxk~xeok# ncjana# nakna >6 -;>/>% 19/< 1$115

Vaeccekxeoa xkxvaijoa ~dacc eoxk~xeok# ncjana 6; -81/9% </8 1$;= Adjkfjxakoea ~rmkojehk~ h{jhko{d 1= ->2/2% 5;/8 1$86>

* Ojx q{aoxexaxkh

NJONC[ÊJO

Eo njonc{~ejo# xmk fjhu njohexejo jl dj~x jl xmk ~na|koieoi nmengko~ fkcjoikh xj xmk ”fkcjy ojvdac―

naxkijvu/ Xme~ ~x{hu vknj|kvkh oeok ~rknek~ jl knxjrava~exk~# xko hellkvkox mkcdeoxm ~rknek~7 ~k|ko

okdaxjhk~ aoh xmvkk nk~xjhk~# yexm xjxac af~konk jl xvkdaxjhk~/

VKLKVKONK^

Gmaev{c Ao{av# A/ aoh Gmade~# ^/ -159=%/ Mkcdeoxm rava~exk~ jl Iacc{~ hjdk~xen{~ C/ eo

Rkoaoi E~caoh/ Dkhenac @j{voac jl Dacau~ea >>-6%0 1=<$156/

Caona~xkv# Y/K/ -15;9%/ A nmkng ce~x jl mkcdeoxm~ jl hjdk~xen ce|k~xjng eo Dacaua/ @j{voac jl

Dacaua \kxkveoavu Dkhenac A~~jneaxejo 101;1$1<>/

Ckk# N/N/# âoe# V/A/# Adeo$Faf`kk# ^/D/# @kllkvu# @/ aoh Gve~moa~adu# D/ -1551%/ Nmkng ce~x jl

avxmvjrjh~# rvjxjpja aoh mkcdeoxm~ jl hjdk~xen aoedac~ eo Dacau~ea/ @j{voac \kxkveoavu

Dacau~ea >0 8;$89/

D{~xalla$Faf`kk# A/ -15=8%/ Nmkng ce~x jl he~ka~k~# rava~exk~ aoh raxmjikoen jviaoe~d~ jl

hjdk~xen aoedac~ eo Dacau~ea/ \kxkveoavu He|e~ejo R{fcenaxejo# Deoe~xvu jl Aiven{cx{vk#G{aca C{dr{v# Dacau~ea/ 6=r/

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parasites of scavenging chickens in penang island (pdf)

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