parasites (malaria and worms)2010)_myap_mod_4_parasit...to prevent illness and death, pregnant women...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Parasites (Malaria and Worms)
Leader Mother Flipchart
Module 4 of 6
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Parasites (Malaria and Worms)
Table of Contents:
Lesson 1: Malaria Transmission and Impact on Health and Food Security ............................................................................................................... 3 Lesson 2: Malaria Prevention (ITNs, IPTs and Indoor Spraying) ........... 12 Lesson 3: Malaria Recognition, Care and Treatment with ACT ............... 20 Lesson 4: Parasites Defined and Impact on Health and Food Security .. 28 Lesson 5: Parasite Transmission and Prevention with EHA ................... 36 Lesson 6: Regular Treatment of Parasites ............................................. 44 Lesson 7: Maintaining the Care Group ................................................... 52 References for the Illustrator: ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lessons, stories, and activities in the Parasites (Malaria and Worms) Lesson Plan
are meant to complement the information provided in Parasites (Malaria and Worms) Leader Mother Flipchart.
Acknowledgements Many thanks to the illustrators including Ocatvio Gonzales and Petra Röhr-Rouendaal. Carolyn D. Wetzel and Julie A. Hettinger are greatly appreciated for reviewing and editing the materials. Several lessons and activities were adapted
from the work of Brooker and Decoster. Games used in the lessons are available through the HIV/AIDS Alliance. See below for full details.
Brooker, Rachel and DeCoster, Mary. (2009) Freedom from Malaria: Let’s Make
Malaria History! Washington DC. Food for the Hungry (FH), made possible through the USAID Child Survival Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-05-0014-00.
International HIV/AIDS Alliance. (2002). 100 ways to energize groups: games to use in workshops, meetings and the community. Available at
www.aidsalliance.org.
Rohr-Roendaal, Petra (1997) Where There is No Artist. Development drawings and how to use them. London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publications.
Suggested Citation: Hanold, Mitzi J. (2009) Parasites (Malaria and Worms) Leader Mother Flipchart. Washington DC. Food for the Hungry (FH), made possible through support provided by the Office of Food for Peace, Bureau of
Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistances, and the U.S. Agency for International Development under the terms FFP-A-00-08-00086. The opinions
expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Agency for International Development.
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Lesson 1: Malaria Transmission and Impact on
Health and Food Security Materials for Lesson 1:
1. Attendance Registers
2. (Optional) Paper and pencil*
1. Game: The Two Mosquitoes
2. Attendance and Troubleshooting
3. Story: Hardship Has a Fever (Picture 1.1)
Hardship is not feeling well. Ruth uses the back of her hand to compare the warmth of Hardship’s forehead to her own. His skin is very hot. Is fever serious? Ruth can’t remember. She sings the Danger Sign Song. “… His body is hot with fever… Take your child to the clinic, don’t wait another minute. The child’s life is in danger!” Ruth’s husband and Ruth go quickly
to the clinic.
4. Ask
? What causes fever?
? Is fever a serious disease/sickness for children? Why?
Let’s compare your thoughts with the messages on the following pages.
* Materials with an asterisk should be organized by the Activity Leader.
4
Story: Hardship Has a Fever (Picture 1.1)
Hardship is
not feeling
well. His skin is very
hot. Is fever serious?
Ruth can’t remember.
Ruth sings the Danger Sign song…
“His body is hot with fever… don’t wait another minute…”
Ruth’s husband and Ruth quickly go
quickly to the clinic.
5
Malaria Defined and Transmission (Picture 1.2)
5. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
6. Explain
Fever is the most common sign of malaria.
o Fever is not a sickness, but a sign that there is sickness in the body.
o In our region, fever is usually caused by malaria.
Mosquitoes carry the sickness of malaria.
o Mosquitoes that carry malaria are active when the sun is low in the sky and at night.
When the mosquito bites a person who already has malaria,
he picks up the illness.
He carries it with him. The mosquito gives malaria to each person that he bites.
o Mosquitoes do not become sick with malaria.
o They only carry the illness to others.
o If one person in our community has malaria, all of us are at risk of being bitten by a mosquito carrying the sickness.
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7
Malaria Defined and Transmission (Picture 1.2)
Fever is the most common sign of malaria.
Mosquitoes carry the sickness of malaria.
When the mosquito bites a person who already has malaria, he picks up the illness. He carries it with him. The mosquito gives it to each person that he
bites.
8
Impact of Malaria on Pregnant Women and Children
(Picture 1.3)
7. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
8. Explain
Untreated malaria can kill a child in 1 or 2 days.
o Many children die from malaria.
Malaria causes anemia. It prevents children from growing well.
o Weak blood makes them tired, drowsy and weak.
o Malaria prevents children from doing well in school.
o Children with weak blood are often sick with other illnesses.
Anemia in pregnancy may cause the baby to be born too early, too small, or dead.
o In the womb, infants get nutrients from the mother’s blood.
o If her blood is too weak, the infant will not grow well.
Anemia in pregnancy increases the risk of the mother dying in childbirth.
o Anemia makes the blood and the mother very weak.
o If she loses too much blood during birth, she will not
survive.
9
Impact of Malaria on Pregnant Women and Children (Picture 1.3)
Untreated malaria can kill a child in 1 or 2 days. Malaria causes anemia. It prevents children from growing well.
Anemia in pregnancy may cause the baby to be born too early, too small or dead. It increases the risk of the mother dying.
10
Impact of Malaria on Food Security (Picture 1.4)
9. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
10. Explain
Workers with malaria have little energy. They are not able to work long hours.
o Anemia (weak blood) makes them weak and tired.
o Malaria reduces a worker’s productivity.
Frequent malaria makes life difficult. Caregivers must pay for travel to the clinic and medicine.
o Malaria puts a financial burden on families.
When children have malaria, caregivers are not able to work long hours.
o Malaria reduces the time families can work.
? Do you believe that malaria can be overcome? What can we do to reduce malaria sickness and death?
11. Activity: The Cost of Malaria
14.
Practice and
Coaching
12. Probe 13. Inform 15. Request 16. Examine
11
Impact of Malaria on Food Security (Picture 1.4)
Workers with malaria have
little energy. They are not
able to work long hours.
Frequent malaria makes life difficult. Caregivers must go often to the clinic
and pay for medicine.
When children
have malaria, caregivers are
not able to work long
hours.
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Lesson 2: Malaria Prevention (ITNs, IPTs and
Indoor Spraying)
Materials: 1. Attendance Registers
2. Leaves, pebbles, a small bucket of sand or other small items for the game.
3. Two different types of malaria nets; bring one example of each.*
4. A home where the group can practice hanging mosquito nets *
1. Game: The Mosquito Game
2. Attendance and Troubleshooting
3. Story: No Money for a Net (Picture 2.1)
Ruth goes to visit Mary. Ruth tells her about Hardship’s visit to the clinic. “Is he sleeping under a mosquito net each night?” Mary asks. “No,” says Ruth. “We don’t have enough money for a mosquito net. Besides, Hardship is taking malaria medication. Why does he need to sleep under a net?”
4. Ask
? Why should Hardship sleep under a net?
? Do you and your children sleep under a net each night?
Let’s compare your thoughts with the messages on the following pages.
13
Story: No Money for a Net (Picture 2.1)
Ruth goes to visit Mary.
Ruth tells her about
Hardship’s visit to the
clinic.
“Is he sleeping
under a mosquito
net each night?”
Mary asks.
“No,” says Ruth. “We
cannot afford a
mosquito
net! Besides,
Hardship is taking
malaria medication.
Why does he need to
sleep under a net?
14
Prevent Malaria with Insecticide Treated Nets (Picture
2.2)
5. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
6. Explain
Those with malaria should sleep under a net to prevent mosquitoes from carrying the sickness to others.
o Malaria is transmitted through mosquito bites.
o If mosquitoes can’t bite a sick person, they can’t spread malaria.
An ITN1 prevents bites. It kills mosquitoes that land on the net.
o Hanging a net reduces the number mosquitoes in your house.
Fathers, mothers, pregnant women and children should all sleep under a bed net to prevent malaria.
o If you only have one net, children under age five and pregnant women should sleep under the net together.
o Save money to purchase more nets so that everyone can be protected.
? Ruth said that she was too poor to have a net. How could buying a net SAVE money for the future?
o If the family has less sickness, they will work more and earn more money. Children will be sick less and need less medication.
1 Only an insecticide treated net kills mosquitoes. An old net, or one that has been washed many times, no longer contains the chemicals to kill mosquitoes. However, it still protects from bites at night. Both nets are effective for prevention of bites.
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Prevent Malaria with Insecticide Treated Nets (Picture 2.2)
Those with
malaria should
sleep under a net
to prevent mosquitoes
from carrying
the sickness to
others.
An ITN prevents
bites. It kills
mosquitoes that land
on the net.
Fathers,
mothers and
children should all
sleep under
mosquito nets to
prevent malaria.
16
Intermittent Preventative Treatment for Pregnant
Women (Picture 2.3)
7. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
8. Explain
To prevent illness and death, pregnant women should take malaria pills.
o The pills reduce the malaria sickness in your body. This keeps your blood and your baby healthy.
Visit the health worker at the first sign of pregnancy. He will tell you when to return.
o The first malaria treatment should be taken in the fourth month of pregnancy.
o At four months of pregnancy, the belly begins to
extend and the Ruthegins to feel movement inside the belly.
o The second treatment is taken in the seventh month of pregnancy.
? How can malaria pills help the family to be healthier and happier?
o Mary and infant will need less care and medication.
o Mother will be healthier during pregnancy.
o Fewer infants will die before birth.
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Intermittent Preventative Treatment for Pregnant Women
(Picture 2.3)
To prevent illness and death, pregnant women should take two malaria
treatments.
Visit the health worker at the first sign of pregnancy. He will tell you when to return.
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Prevent Malaria with Indoor Spraying (Picture 2.4)
9. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
10. Explain
Reduce mosquitoes by taking part in community spraying programs.
o The government arranges for men to come and spray all
the homes in regions where malaria is high.
o The spray contains a long lasting insecticide. It kills all the
mosquitoes that hide inside the house.
Everything and everyone moves outside when the walls are sprayed.
o Remove furniture, clothes, and the sick who normally stay in bed.
o The men wear masks and long clothing to protect their skin
from the insecticide. o Let the insecticide dry on the walls for one hour.
After one hour, sweep out the dead insects.
Move everything back inside.
? Do you believe that we CAN stop malaria? Why?
o Many countries have already eliminated malaria. We can
too. We have been given dominion over mosquitoes. We
can make it happen!
11. Activity: Hanging a Mosquito Net
14.
Practice
and Coaching
12. Probe 13. Inform 15.
Request
16. Examine
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Prevent Malaria with Indoor spraying (Picture 2.4)
Reduce mosquitoes by taking part
in a community spraying program.
Everything and everyone moves
outside when the walls are sprayed.
After 1 hour, sweep out the dead
insects.
Move everything back inside.
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Lesson 3: Malaria Recognition, Care and
Treatment with ACT
Materials
1. Attendance Registers
1. Game: Mosquito Count
2. Attendance and Troubleshooting
3. Story: Advantages of the Mosquito Net (Picture 3.1)
Ruth listened to the words of Mary. She and her husband saved money each week to purchase a net. The children love to sleep under the net each night. “It keeps off the flies,” Hardship says. “I don’t wake up itching,” says the daughter. “It makes us feel like we have our own room,” says the boy.” Yes,” says Ruth’s husband. “And we are happy because you
are safe from malaria.”
4. Ask
? What are some of the advantages that you have seen using a net?
? How can you encourage others to sleep under a net?
Let’s compare your thoughts with the messages on the following pages.
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Story: Advantages of the Mosquito Net (Picture 3.1)
Ruth and Ruth’s husband saved
enough money to purchase a net.
The children love to sleep under the
net each night.
“It keeps out the
flies.” says Hardship.
“I don’t
have any mosquito
bites,” says the girl. It
makes us feel like we
have our own room,
said the boy.
“Yes!” said
Ruth’s husband.
“And we are happy
because you are safe
from
malaria.”
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Signs of Malaria Infection (Picture 3.2)
5. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
6. Explain:
Fever is the most common sign of malaria.
o Use the back of the hand placed lightly on your child's skin to test for fever.
o If the skin feels hotter than your own skin, take the child to the clinic.
Chills, sweating and headache are signs of malaria.
Vomiting and convulsions are signs of malaria.
Some children refuse to eat or drink.
If you see any of these signs, take the child to the clinic immediately.
o Take the child on the same day that you see the sign.
o If caregivers, pregnant women or others in the family have fever, take them to the clinic for treatment right away.
o Treatment shortens the days of sickness. Treatment helps the body recover.
o Treatment prevents malaria death.
? Do you know children in the community who have died from malaria? How can you prevent this from happening to your children?
o Remember the signs of malaria.
o Take the child to the clinic at the first sign of fever.
o Make sure the child sleeps under a net each night.
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Signs of Malaria Infection (Picture 3.2)
Fever is the most common sign of
malaria.
Chills, sweating, and headache are signs
of malaria.
Vomiting and convulsions are signs of malaria.
Some children refuse to eat or
drink.
If you see any of these signs, take the
child to the clinic immediately.
24
Malaria Treatment with ACT (Picture 3.3)
7. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
8. Explain
At the clinic the health worker will give ACT malaria pills.
o There are several types of malaria treatment on the market.
o The best malaria medication is ACT.2
Even if the child is feeling better, give all the pills as directed by the health worker.
o If you only give half of the medicine the malaria will return much stronger than before.
o The child will need a second treatment.
o ACT pills are given for 3 days.
Return quickly to the clinic if the fever does not go away within one day.
o ACT acts very quickly.
o The child may have more than one infection requiring special care.
2 ACT stands for Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies.
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Malaria Treatment with ACT (Picture 3.3)
At the clinic the health worker will give ACT malaria pills.
Even if the child feels better, give
all the pills as directed by the health worker.
Return quickly to the clinic if the fever
does not go away within one day.
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Caring for Children with Fever (Picture 3.4)
9. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
10. Explain
If fever stays too long, the child may have convulsions.
Keep the child cool by wrapping them in a wet cloth.
o Keeping the body cool prevents convulsions.
o Wrap the child in a wet cloth to keep them cool on the way to the clinic.
o It helps to lower the body temperature.
o Pour cool water on a towel placed around their head.
Chase the illness far away. Offer extra foods and fluids each day during the illness.
o Fever and sweating cause a child to lose a lot of water.
o Breastfeed a child more often during sickness.
Offer extra foods and fluids each day for two weeks after the child has recovered.
o Strengthen the child’s body to prevent illness from returning.
11. Activity: Making an Emergency Plan
14.
Practice and
Coaching
12. Probe 13. Inform 15. Request 16. Examine
27
Caring for Children with Fever (Picture 3.4)
If the fever stays too long, the child may have convulsions.
Keep the
child cool by wrapping
them in a wet cloth.
Chase the illness far away. Offer
extra foods and fluids each day.
Offer extra foods and fluids each day for
two weeks after the child has recovered.
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Lesson 4: Parasites Defined and Impact on Health
and Food Security
Materials
1. Attendance Registers
2. Two women and two children who are prepared for the Parasite Skit.
1. Game: Simon Says
2. Attendance and Troubleshooting
3. Story: Poor Appetite (Picture 4.1)
Ruth has noticed that her children are not eating well. Why aren’t you eating? She asks. “My stomach is already full” her son says. “I’m just not hungry” say the girl. This continues for
many days. Ruth’s husband encourages them to eat every day. They still eat very little.
4. Ask
? What do you think is wrong with the children?
? What do you do when your children lose their appetite?
Let’s compare your thoughts with the messages on the following pages.
29
Story: Poor Appetite (Picture 4.1)
“My stomach is already full,” her son
says.
“I’m not hungry” says the girl.
This continues for many days. Ruth’s husband encourages them to eat every day. They still eat very little.
30
Parasites Defined (Picture 4.2)
5. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
6. Explain
Many people have parasites that live in their bodies. Most of them don’t know they have a parasite.
o In this picture, everyone wearing red has a parasite inside their body.
A parasite is a small worm that lives in the body.
o Parasites live in animals and humans.
Parasites feed on blood and food in the body.
o Some parasites eat the food in the stomach.
o Some feed on blood making the blood weak.
o Some parasites attach to the liver and intestine and
suck out bits of food.
Some parasites are too small to see. Others can be several meters long inside the body.
? Can you think of a parasite that is carried by mosquitoes and feeds on blood?
o Malaria! Mosquitoes carry the malaria parasite.
o The malaria parasite feeds on blood making the blood weak.
31
Parasites Defined (Picture 4.2)
Many people
have parasites in
their bodies. Most of them
don’t know they have a
parasite.
A parasite is a small worm that lives
in the body.
Parasites feed on blood and food in the
body.
Some parasites are too small to see. Others can be several meters long inside the body.
32
Impact of Parasites on Pregnant Women and Children (Picture 4.3)
7. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
8. Explain
Parasites in pregnancy cause anemia and malnutrition.
o Anemia is caused by parasites that feed on blood.
o When parasites steal food from our stomach, our bodies become malnourished.
Anemia increases death in childbirth. Babies are born too early, too small or dead.
Children with parasites don’t eat well and become malnourished.
o When a child has parasites, it causes anemia.
o Anemia reduces a child’s ability to grow.
o Anemia reduces a child’s ability to overcome illness.
o Anemia reduces a child’s ability to do well in school.
33
Impact of Parasites on Pregnant Mothers and Children (Picture 4.3)
Parasites in pregnancy cause anemia
and malnutrition.
Anemia increases death in
childbirth. Babies are born too early, too small or dead.
Children with parasites don’t eat well and are malnourished.
Anemia prevents children from growing tall and doing well in
school.
34
Impact of Parasites on livestock and food security (Picture 4.4)
9. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
10. Explain
Livestock with parasites are often sick and vulnerable to disease.
o Livestock with parasites do not grow well.
o They produce less milk and eggs than animals without parasites.
Workers with parasites have little energy. They are not able to
work long hours.
o Anemia (weak blood) makes them tired, drowsy and
weak.
o Parasites reduce a worker’s productivity.
o When children are ill with parasites, workers may be
prevented from working in the field.
? If all the parasites were treated in your community, how would
life be different?
o Livestock would be healthy and more productive.
o Children would be sick less often.
o Families would be healthier.
11. Activity: The Parasite Skit
14.
Practice
and Coaching
12. Probe 13. Inform 15. Request 16. Examine
35
Impact of Parasites on livestock and food security (Picture 4.4)
Livestock with parasites are often sick and vulnerable to disease.
Workers with parasites have little energy. They are not able to work long hours.
36
Lesson 5: Parasite Transmission and Prevention
with Essential Hygiene Actions Materials
1. Attendance Registers
2. Banana or other object for the game
1. Game: Pass the Parasite
2. Attendance and Troubleshooting
3. Story: Get Your Own Food (Picture 5.1)
Mary believes that Ruth’s children have parasites. “Parasites!” Ruth says. “I will not let parasites steal from my children! Their bellies will be filled with food, not worms! I have made many changes already. I know that I can stop parasites too!”
Ask
? Why is Ruth so confident that she can overcome the parasites?
? How can someone get rid of parasites?
? Do you take action to prevent (or get rid of) parasites?
Let’s compare your thoughts with the messages on the
following pages.
37
Story: Get Your Own Food! (Picture 5.1)
Mary believes that Ruth’s children have parasites.
“I will not let parasites steal from my children. Their bellies will be filled with
food, not worms!”
38
Parasite Transmission in Soil and Foods (Picture 5.2)
5. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
6. Explain
The feces of an infected person contain parasite eggs.
o These eggs hatch into parasite worms when they are swallowed.
Children swallow the eggs when they eat unwashed foods from the soil.
o Bits of soil containing the eggs are eaten with the fruit or vegetable.
Some eggs hatch and enter the body through bare skin.
o Worms enter the feet when children walk barefoot.
o Children get lots of worms when they crawl or play in the dirt.
o Children get parasites when they eat soil or put dirty hands in their mouth.
We eat parasite eggs when infected meat is not fully cooked.
o The meat of infected animals contains parasite eggs.
o If the meat is raw, or not hot all the way through, the eggs remain alive.
o The eggs hatch into parasite worms when they are swallowed.
39
Parasite Transmission in Soil and Foods (Picture 5.2)
The feces of an infected person contain parasite eggs.
Children swallow the eggs when they eat unwashed foods from the soil.
Some eggs hatch and enter the
body through bare skin.
We eat parasite eggs when infected
meat is not fully cooked.
40
Preventing Transmission in Soil and Foods (Picture 5.3)
7. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
8. Explain
Always use a latrine. Then, wash hands with soap.
o Wash hands with soap before eating and preparing
foods, and after using the latrine.
o If feces are found in the area around the house, throw it into a latrine.
o If you don’t have a latrine, bury feces away from the house and at least 20 meters from water sources.
Wash raw foods with soap and water before eating.
o Help children to wash hands with soap and water before eating.
o Wash children’s hands after they have been playing
outside.
o Caregivers should always wash their hands before preparing food or feeding an infant or child.
Wear shoes. Do not sit on the ground; use a mat.
o Always wear shoes when walking outside to protect your body from parasites.
Cook meat until it is hot throughout.
o Never eat meat that is raw or pink inside.
o Parasite eggs are killed by the heat. Then the meat is safe to eat.
41
Preventing Transmission in Soil and Foods (Picture 5.3)
Always use a latrine. Then, wash hands with soap.
Wash raw foods with soap and water before eating.
Wear shoes. Use a mat to sit on the
ground.
Cook meat until it is hot
throughout.
42
Parasite Transmission and Prevention in Water (Picture
5.4)
9. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
10. Explain:
Urine and feces from an infected person contain parasite eggs. The eggs infect snails. Snails release parasites which
enter the skin of others in the water.
o Like a mosquito that carries malaria, snails carry the parasite to others.
o The parasites enter the skin of those who swim, wash or walk in the water.
o Parasites enter the body of those who drink the water.
? How can we prevent infection?
o Always use a latrine.
o Purify your water before drinking.
o If you see snails, don’t get in the water.
- Gather water from a protected water source.
- Find a new place to swim and wash.
11. Activity – The Village Walk
14.
Practice and
Coaching
12. Probe 13. Inform 15. Request 16. Examine
43
Parasites Transmission and Prevention in Water (Picture 5.4)
Urine and feces of an infected person contains parasite eggs. The eggs infect snails. Snails release parasites which enter the skin of others in the water.
Always use a latrine.
Purify water before
drinking.
If you see snails, don’t
get in the water.
44
Lesson 6: Regular Treatment of Parasites
Materials
1. Attendance Registers
2. Ask each woman to bring her child health card to this meeting *
1. Game: The sun shines on…
2. Attendance and Troubleshooting
3. Story: Deworming for All (Picture 6.1)
A health worker comes to Ruth’s house. She asks the children to come for deworming treatment. “My children were treated eight months ago,” says Ruth. “They aren’t sick.” “No,” says the health worker. “All children receive treatment every six months.” Ruth is confused. “Isn’t treatment only for the sick?”
4. Ask
? Ruth doesn’t think her children need treatment. Why?
? Do your children take deworming pills every six months? Why or why not?
Let’s compare your thoughts with the messages on the following pages.
45
Deworming for All (Picture 6.1)
The health worker is asking the children to come to a deworming
campaign.
“My children were treated 8 months ago. They aren’t sick anymore,”
says Ruth.
“No,” says the health worker. “All
children receive treatment every six months.”
Ruth is confused. Isn’t treatment
only for the sick?
46
Deworming Pregnant Women and Children (Picture 6.2)
Note to the Health Manager: Deworming pregnant women is recommended for
regions where HOOKWORM prevalence is more than 20% in the general
population. If HOOKWORM prevalence is lower, adapt this page to discuss
deworming for children only.
7. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
8. Explain
To prevent malaria, pregnant women will take one deworming pill in the fourth month of pregnancy.
o Many pregnant women have worms already and don’t know.
o Go to a health worker at the first sign of pregnancy.
o When a pregnant woman’s belly begins to show and she feels movement inside, three months have passed. She is ready to take a deworming pill.
o Women who take deworming pills have healthier
pregnancies and infants.
Beginning at 12 months of age, children should receive a deworming pill every six months.
o Most children have worms and don’t even know it.
o Treating children for worms prevents malnutrition.
o Deworming pills help children to grow well and do well in school.
o Deworming children will reduce parasite infections in
others.
o If you are not sure if your child has been treated, ask the health worker at your next visit.
47
Deworming Women Mothers and Children (Picture 6.2)
To prevent malaria,
pregnant women
take a dewormin
g pill in the fourth
month of
pregnancy.
Beginning
12 months of age,
children should
receive
deworming pills every
six months.
48
Signs of Parasite Infection (Picture 6.3)
5. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
6. Explain
Child frequently scratches his anus.
o Some parasites deposit eggs outside the anus.
o The eggs cause itching especially at night.
Worms are seen in the child feces.
o Remember, not all worms can be seen!
o The child may have worms even if you cannot see them.
Child has bloated stomach or stomachache for three days.
Child has poor growth and poor appetite.
o Parasites living in the belly can decrease hunger.
o Parasites slow down the child’s growth.
Child has blood in the urine.
If you see any of these signs, take the child to the clinic immediately.
o Take the child on the same day.
? What are the symptoms of parasites in adults?
o The symptoms are the same.
o If you see one or more signs, go to the clinic.
49
Signs of Parasite Infection (Picture 6.3)
Child frequently scratches his anus. Worms in the feces.
Bloated stomach or stomachache for 3 days.
Blood in the urine.
Poor growth and poor appetite. If you see any of these signs, take the child to the clinic immediately.
50
Feeding Guidelines (Picture 6.4)
9. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
10. Explain
Chase the illness far away. Offer extra food and fluids to the child each day. Give all the medicine from the health worker.
o If caregivers give the same amount of food as normal or only half of the medicine, the thief will wait in the bushes
for another chance to break in.
Give the child his favorite foods, soft foods and foods rich in Vitamin A.
o Vitamin A foods include mango, papaya, carrots, orange sweet potato, green leafy vegetables, meat and fish. See
foods as mentioned in Module 2, Lesson 4.
o Soft foods are easier for children to swallow. Eating favorite
foods will encourage the child to eat.
o Vitamin A foods help the child to recover quickly.
Offer extra foods and fluids each day for two weeks after the
signs have disappeared.
o Extra foods help to strengthen the child’s body.
11. Activity: Health Card Check
14.
Practice
and Coaching
12. Probe 13. Inform 15. Request 16. Examine
51
Feeding Guidelines (Picture 6.4)
Chase the
parasites far away.
Offer extra
food and fluids each
day. Give all the
medicine from the
health worker.
Give the child his favorite foods,
soft foods and foods rich in vitamin A.
Offer extra foods and fluids each day
for two weeks after the child has recovered.
52
Lesson 7: Maintaining the Care Group Materials
1. Attendance Registers
2. Notebook and pencil*
1. Game: I Scared a Lion
2. Attendance and Troubleshooting
3. Story: The Promoters are Leaving! (Picture 7.1)
There is a rumor going around the village that the health program is ending. Ruth heard two promoters say that they will no longer be FH promoters. “Oh no!” said Ruth. “If the promoters leave our care group, our teachings will stop. How will we survive without these health messages?” She quickly runs to tell Mary.
4. Ask
? Why is Ruth so upset?
? When are the promoters leaving the care groups?
? How do you feel about them leaving?
Let’s see what Mary says about the program.
53
The Promoters are Leaving! (Picture 7.1)
Ruth heard two promoters say that they will no longer be FH promoters.
“Oh no!” How will we survive without these health messages?” She runs to
tell Mary.
54
Choosing a Care Group Mother (Picture 7.2)
Suggestion: elect one Care Group Mother for each care group. You may also
choose to have one care group mother for every 3-4 care groups (containing a
total of 24 – 40 Leader Mothers). Adapt as appropriate.
5. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
6. Explain
Like a midwife who comes to help a mother give birth, the promoters have come to help us birth the care group program.
o The birth is not the end; it is the beginning! o Like a new mother, we must begin to care for the
program ourselves.
Leader Mothers will choose a Care Group Mother.
o The Care Group Mother will care for the program and help it to grow.
o The Care Group Mother needs to be a good teacher and a “model family mother.”
o She must be willing to train and coach new Leader Mothers.
The promoter will coach the Care Group Mother.
o The Care Group Mother will begin teaching some of the lesson each month.
o The promoter will watch her. She will help her improve.
o The promoter will slowly give all responsibility to the Care Group Mother.
55
Choosing a Care Group Mother (Picture 7.2)
Like a midwife who comes to help a mother give birth, the promoters have
come to help us birth the care group program.
Leader Mothers will choose a Care Group Mother.
The promoter will coach the Care Group Mother.
56
Maintaining Neighbor Groups (Picture 7.3)
7. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
8. Explain
The Care Group Mother will make sure each Leader Mother is teaching eight of her neighbors.
o At Care Group meetings, Leader Mothers will report how many neighbors they have taught.
o The Care Group Mother will visit Leader Mothers teaching their neighbor groups.
Women who are not pregnant and do not have children less than two years will graduate.
o This allows new mothers to join the group.
o We must make sure they hear the messages so their children will survive and be healthy.
New women will be added to neighbor groups that are too small.
o Some neighbors move away or no longer attend meetings.
o The Care Group Mother will find pregnant women and mothers of children less than two years to come.
? Why should we continue to share the health messages? Would it be wrong to end the program now?
o Having the messages, but not sharing them is like a mother with full breasts who refuses to breastfeed.
o God has allowed you to hear these messages. It is a good use of this “gift” to share it with others.
57
Maintaining Neighbor Groups (Picture 7.3)
The Care Group Mother will make sure each Leader Mother is teaching eight
of her neighbors.
Women who are not pregnant and do not
have children less than two years will graduate.
New women will be added to neighbor groups that are too
small.
58
Training New Leader Mothers (Picture 7.4)
9. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
10. Explain
If a Leader Mother stops teaching, the neighbor groups will choose a new Leader Mother.
o Some Leader Mothers move away or are no longer able to
teach.
New Leader Mothers can watch and learn from experienced
leaders.
o Experienced Leader Mothers will show them what to do.
o Experienced Leader Mothers will help them overcome
problems in the neighbor groups.
The Care Group Mother will continue to teach every two weeks.
o As new leaders come, they will learn the lessons.
o Care Groups will start again with Module One when all
lessons have been taught.
The Care Group Mother may invite health workers and midwives to share new information at the care group meetings.
? Ruth was worried the program would end. Do you believe the program can continue?
11. Activity: Preparing for the Transition
14.
Practice and
Coaching
12. Probe 13. Inform 15. Request 16. Examine
59
Training New Leader Mothers (Picture 7.4)
If a Leader Mother stops teaching,
the neighbor group will choose a new leader.
New Leader Mothers can watch and
learn from experienced leaders.
The Care Group Mother will continue to teach every two weeks.
You may invite health workers and midwives to share new information.
60
(Optional Page) Prevent Malaria by Reducing Breeding
Sites (Picture 2.5)
9. Show
? What do you see in these pictures?
10. Explain
Mosquitoes breed in standing water.
o They lay eggs in the water.
o We can reduce malaria, by reducing the places mosquitoes lay eggs.
Dig drainage rows to disperse pools of standing water.
o Create drainage or rock piles under Tippy Taps and around community water supplies to prevent puddles from forming.
Empty buckets, cups, and cans. Store them upside down.
o Put lids on buckets to keep our rain water and insects.
Bury or burn old trash, tires and cans that trap water.
11. Activity: Hanging a Mosquito Net
14.
Practice and
Coaching
12. Probe 13. Inform 15. Request 16. Examine
61
Prevent Malaria by Reducing Breeding Sites (Picture 2.5)
Mosquitoes lay their eggs on top
of the stagnant water.
Dig drainage rows to disperse pools of
standing water.
Empty buckets, cups and cans.
Store them upside down.
Bury or burn old cans, tires and cans
that trap water.