parametric resonance by the matter effect sato, joe (saitama) koike, masafumi (saitama) ota,...
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Parametric Resonance
by the Matter EffectSATO, Joe (Saitama)
Koike, Masafumi (Saitama)Ota, Toshihiko (Würzburg)
Saito, Masako (Saitama)
with
PlanIntroduction
Two-Flavor Oscillation
Parametric Resonance in Neutrino Oscillation
More on Parametric Resonance
Summary
Introduction
Interior of the Earth
http://www.math.montana.edu/~nmp/materials/ess/geosphere/expert/activities/planet_earth/
cru
st
man
tle
ou
ter
core
Interior of the Earth
http://www.math.montana.edu/~nmp/materials/ess/geosphere/expert/activities/planet_earth/
inner
core
Preliminary Reference Earth Model
Depth
Matter Density Profile
Matter Density Profile
Constant-Density Approximation
Matter Density Profile
Matter Density Profile
Inhomogeneous Matter Koike,Sato
1999Ota,Sato 2001
Parametric Resonance in Neutrino Oscillation
• Ermilova et al. (1986)• Akhmedov, Akhmedov et al. (1988 — Present)• others
“Castle-wall” matter profile (Akhmedov, 1998)
Fourier decomposition (Present approach)
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
Two-Flavor Oscillation
Two-Flavor Oscillation
• Second-order equation in dimensionless variables
• Dimensionless variables
• Initial conditions ,
•
• Matter effect
• Evolution equation of the two-flavor neutrino
• MSW-resonance peak.
• Peaks and dips of the oscillation spectrum• Simple solution when
:
• Appearance probability at the endpoint of the baseline
• (n+1)-th oscillation peak.
• n-th oscillation dip.
Constant-Density Oscillation
id numbers of the oscillation peaks
Constant-Density Oscillation
Neutrino Energy / [GeV]
Ap
peara
nce P
rob
Parametric Resonancein Neutrino Oscillation
Matter Density Profile
Matter Density Profile
Matter Density Profile
Matter Density Profile
Matter Density Profile
Matter Density Profile
Evolution Equation
• Inhomogeneity
• Fourier expansion
• Effect of the n-th Fourier mode on the oscillation
Mathieu Equation
Pow!
Pow!
Parametric Resonance
Periodic Motion
Oscillation of Oscillation Parameter
in classical
mechanicsin classical
mechanics
We kick a swing twice in a period of motion.
Mathieu Equation
Pow!
Pow!
Parametric Resonance
Periodic Motion
Oscillation of Oscillation Parameter
Para
metr
ic
Reso
nance
in classical
mechanicsin classical
mechanics
We kick a swing twice in a period of motion.
Parametric Resonance Condition
Parametric Resonance
Neutrino Oscillation
Fourier modes of
matter effect
in neutrino
oscillationin neutrino
oscillation
Parametric Resonance
Neutrino Oscillation
Fourier modes of
matter effect
Para
metr
ic
Reso
nance
in neutrino
oscillationin neutrino
oscillation
Parametric Resonance Condition n-th oscillation
dip
Effect of the Mode 1
Neutrino Energy / [GeV]
Ap
peara
nce P
rob
Sizable effect at1st peak (n=0) and 2nd
peak (n=1) 0 g/cm3 0
0.1 g/cm3
0.231
0.2 g/cm3
0.462
0.3 g/cm3
0.693
0.4 g/cm3
0.925
0.5 g/cm3
1.16
Mode 1: Possible Large EffectEarth models suggest for a through-Earth
pathEarth models suggest for a through-Earth path
0 g/cm3 0
1 g/cm3 2.31
2 g/cm3 4.62
3 g/cm3 6.93
4 g/cm3 9.25
5 g/cm3 11.6
Mode 1: Possible Large EffectEarth models suggest for a through-Earth
pathEarth models suggest for a through-Earth path
0 g/cm3 0
1 g/cm3 2.31
2 g/cm3 4.62
3 g/cm3 6.93
4 g/cm3 9.25
5 g/cm3 11.6
Effect of the Mode 2
Neutrino Energy / [GeV]
Ap
peara
nce P
rob
Sizable at2nd (n=1) and 3rd (n=2)
peaks 0 g/cm3 0
0.1 g/cm3
0.231
0.2 g/cm3
0.462
0.3 g/cm3
0.693
0.4 g/cm3
0.925
0.5 g/cm3
1.16
Effect of the Mode 3
Neutrino Energy / [GeV]
Ap
peara
nce P
rob
Sizable at3rd (n=2) and 4th (n=3)
peaks 0 g/cm3 0
0.1 g/cm3
0.231
0.2 g/cm3
0.462
0.3 g/cm3
0.693
0.4 g/cm3
0.925
0.5 g/cm3
1.16
More on the Parametric Resonance
Resonant Enhancement
Resonant Enhancement
Resonant Enhancement
Resonant Enhancement
Resonant Enhancement
Resonant EnhancementResonant enhancement of apparance probability, even for a small Fourier coefficientResonant enhancement of apparance probability, even for a small Fourier coefficient
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3Fictious repetition of the matter profile
Matter profile (Arbitrary vertical scale)
Oscillation “dip” at
0 g/cm3 0
0.3 g/cm3
0.693
1 g/cm3 2.31
Large-Scale Oscillation
Summary
• Neutrino oscillation across the Earth• Deviation from the constant density
• Fourier analysis
• Parametric resonance• Frequency matching of the matter distribution
and the neutrino energy
• Mathieu-like equation provides an analytic description
Matter distribution n-th Fourier mode
Appearance probability
n-th dip and neighbor