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When she was 15 months old, Julieanna Metcalf of Montrose, Minn., almost died during an outbreak of bacterial meningitis. Here’s what her ordeal can tell us about the hidden dangers of the anti-vaccine movement. One Lucky Little Girl SUNDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2012 © PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

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One Luck Little Girl – When she was 15 months old, Julieanna almost died during an outbreak of bacterial meningitis

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Page 1: Parade 10-07

When she was 15 months old, Julieanna Metcalf of Montrose, Minn., almost died during an outbreak of bacterial meningitis. Here’s what her ordeal can tell us about the hidden dangers of the anti-vaccine movement.

One Lucky

Little Girl

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2012

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 2: Parade 10-07

2 • October 7, 2012

PARADEWalter Scott’s

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Q: What happens to all

the food Paula Deen

prepares on Paula’s Best

Dishes? —Gloria Johnson,

Littleton, Colo.

A: The southern chef, 65, stands by the notion that a well-fed crew is a happy crew. “The food on the set ends up in their deserving bellies,” says a rep for the Food Network. “Any unpre-pared food left over after the shoot gets donated to a food bank or sent home with local crew.”

on the island of Oahu. “My family has been hitting the tourist spots and enjoying the beach,” says the father of three. “We’re also going to a luau, and we’ve taken up fi shing. We haven’t been successful, but we’re having a great time!”

P Paula Deen

Q: How does the King

family, stars of the

reality series Farm Kings,

run a successful farm in

today’s economy?

—Larry Tripp, DeKalb, Ill.

A: “We’re all very passionate and driven,”

Q: The stars of Glee per-

form so much; do they

still enjoy singing just for

fun? —Liz Katz, Orlando

A: The show’s grueling fi lming schedule hasn’t kept Glee powerhouse Amber Riley, 26, from crooning off the clock. “I’m always singing randomly without the cameras rolling,” she says. Are you a real-life Gleek? PARADE is searching for America’s favorite high school show choir. To submit your nomination, go to Parade.com/choir.

P Amber Riley

Q: Is Andre Braugher

enjoying fi lming Last

Resort in Hawaii?

—N. Wahl, Honolulu

A: The actor, 50, who plays a nuclear missile submarine captain on the ABC series (Thurs-days), has been taking full advantage of the show’s fi lming location

P Andre Braugher

WALTER SCOTT ASKS …

Susan LucciThe former Queen of Daytime hosts the series Deadly A� airs, which tells true-crime stories of love gone wrong (Investigation Discovery, Saturdays).

It’s been a year since All My Children went off the air.

Do you miss playing Erica Kane? It really has taken a year for me to comprehend that it’s in the past, but I’ve made peace with it. Life goes on, and I’m moving on to the next thing, but I hope the soaps that are still run-ning will thrive. They have millions of loyal viewers.You and your husband, Helmut Huber, have been mar-

ried for 43 years. What’s the secret to a successful celeb-

rity relationship? We just do the best we can. I married somebody who is very secure. He’s been in my corner from the time we met, and we grew in this together.What would people be surprised to know about you?

Erica may have burned down the kitchen the fi rst time she went in there, but I love to bake! My grand-sons really love my apple cake, which is from my grandmother’s recipe.

Send your questions to Walter Sco� at [email protected] or P.O. Box 5001, Grand Central Station, New York, N.Y. 10163-5001.

Get Susan’s apple cake

recipe at Parade.com

/lucci

egf

ENTER FOR YOUR CHANCE

TO WIN

two tickets to

see Frankie Valli and the Four

Seasons on Broadway at

Parade.com/win

SUNDAY

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says Joe King, 29 (above left). “We live the job.” King and his nine younger siblings run Freedom Farms, outside of Pittsburgh; their series airs on GAC (Thursdays). “It’s an industry that’s really tough right now, but we’re here to stay,” he says. “We want to inspire the next gen-eration of farmers by proving that if you put hard work in, it can be lucrative.”

X X

s

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 3: Parade 10-07

CONNIE BRITTON HAYDEN PANETTIERE

PREMIERES WEDNESDAY OCT 10 10|9c

/NashvilleABC @Nashville_ABC /Nashville

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 4: Parade 10-07

★ ★ ★ ★

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4 • October 7, 2012

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

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▼ TOOLS OF THE TABLE

Where would we be without silverware, wooden spoons, mortars and pestles, graters, and pots? In Consider the Fork,

food writer Bee Wilson celebrates the unsung implements that have helped shape our diets through the centuries. After devouring this delightful mix of culinary science and history, you’ll never take a whisk for granted again.

Parade

HOBBY

NICKNAME

PREFERRED

COMMUTE

The VP candidates will face o� on Oct. 11 (9 p.m. ET). Here,

a look at what makes them tick.

★ ★

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Became the sixth youngest senator at 30

Rode Amtrak from Delaware to D.C. (220 miles round-trip) for 36 years

A car afi cionado, Biden owns a 1967

Corvette

Known to Secret Service

agents as “Celtic”

None at all: Ryan sleeps in his

offi ce while he’s in Washington

Noodling (catching catfi sh with

his bare hands)

Secret Service code name:

“Bowhunter”

Happy National

Flu� ernu� er Day!To help you celebrate Oct. 8, we asked Top Chef’s Antonia Lofaso, author of The Busy Mom’s Cook-book, to share the recipe for her L.A. restaurant’s best-selling deep-fried � u� ernu� er.

TRY IT!

JOE BIDEN PAUL RYAN

Make a sandwich layering Marshmallow Fluff, peanut butter, and thin banana slices on brioche or pain de mie. (Challah also works, and even white bread will do.) Dust the entire thing with fl our, soak in 2 beaten eggs, and coat with ½ cup panko. Fry in vegetable oil until both sides are golden brown. Sprinkle salt on top—and dig in.

FIRST BIG BREAK

STEEL

MAGNOLIAS

A splendid cast (including, from left, Queen Latifah, Condola Rashad, Phylicia Rashad, Adepero Oduye, and Jill Scott) puts a contemporary, African-American spin on a new movie version of this beloved story about friends, family, and beauty salon confi dences. (Lifetime, Oct. 7, 9 p.m. ET)

INTO THE FROZEN WILD

Siberian tigers had never been fi lmed in their natural habitat until cameraman Sooyong Park spent more than fi ve years tracking the elusive (and endangered) predators through Russia’s far eastern forests. In the season premiere of Nature, Park guides conservationist Chris Morgan as he pursues his lifelong dream of seeing fi rsthand one of the world’s biggest cats in the wild. (PBS, Oct. 10, 8 p.m. ET)

This is the week to ...Check that your child’s school has put in place the latest recommendation from the National Athletic Trainers’ Association: a time-out before every practice and competition to review emergency protocols so that the medi-cal team can handle any on-� eld injury.

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★★★★★ ★★★★★★★★★

Th VP did t ill f �

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

Elected to Congress at the

ripe old age of 28

TCifApec

★ ★

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CE PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE ★ ★

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 5: Parade 10-07

*PRICING/AVAILABILITY: Offers subject to change, not combinable with all other offers. Taxes, shipping, handling and other fees apply. Valid for new U.S. online purchases through the Dell Home Electronics and Accessories site and for phone orders of electronics and accessories purchased without a system only. Free shipping and handling offer available in Continental (except Alaska) U.S. only. Availability of electronics and accessories varies and quantities may be limited. Dell reserves the right to cancel orders arising from pricing or other errors. MARKET VALUE: Market Value is an estimate based on industry data such as published and as-sold prices for the same or comparable products in a survey of major online and/or offline retailers. GRAPHICS AND SYSTEM MEMORY (SDRAM): GB means 1 billion bytes, MB means 1 million bytes and TB equals 1 trillion bytes; significant system memory may be used to support graphics, depending on system memory size and other factors. WIRELESS PRINTING: PC must have a wireless card or be connected to a wireless network, and have the printer software installed for proper function. HARD DRIVES: GB means 1 billion bytes and TB means 1 trillion bytes; actual capacity varies with pre-loaded material and operating environment and will be less. IN-HOME SERVICE AFTER REMOTE DIAGNOSIS: Remote Diagnosis is determination by online/phone technician of cause of issue; may involve customer access to inside of system and multiple or extended sessions. If issue is covered by Limited Hardware Warranty [www.dell4me.com/termsandconditions] and not resolved remotely, technician and/or part will be dispatched, usually in 1 or 2 business days following completion of Remote Diagnosis. Dell sells the following In-Home Service: Dell In-Home Service provided by Dell Marketing L.P. and, through TWG Innovative Solutions, Inc. (TWGIS), In-Home Service that is provided by National Product Care Company dba Texas National Product Care Company, Inc. (in TX), Service Saver, Incorporated (in AZ, FL, OK, and WI), and National Product Care Company (in remainder of U.S.). Third parties may be used to deliver the in-home service. Availability varies. Other conditions apply. For complete details about In-Home Service, visit dell.com/servicecontracts.” TRADEMARK AND COPYRIGHT NOTICES: Intel, the Intel Logo, Intel Inside, Intel Core, and Core Inside are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. Microsoft, Windows, Xbox 360 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

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© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 6: Parade 10-07

When Brendalee Flint got a call at work on Monday, Jan. 21, 2008, telling her that her 15-month-old daughter, Julieanna, was running a fever, she took the news in stride. But just to be safe, the mom of four later called her pediatrician, who assured her there was probably nothing to worry about. “That night, I gave her some medicine and put her to bed,” she says.

Truth and ConsequencesWhy so many parents are delaying or skipping vaccines—and what it means for the rest of us • BY SETH MNOOKIN

THE VACCINE CONTROVERSY

But over the next couple of days, Julieanna’s condition worsened: She would go from hysterically crying to suddenly appearing limp, and she had powerful bouts of diarrhea. So on Thursday, Flint drove her daughter from their Minnesota home to a hospital about 20 miles away. At fi rst, doctors there suspected

Julieanna had the fl u, but by Friday, her pediatrician was sufficiently concerned that she scheduled more tests, including a CAT scan and a lumbar puncture, which showed that Julieanna had bacterial meningitis, a potentially deadly infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

Flint was surprised by the diag-nosis. “I’d never even thought of meningitis,” she says. “It didn’t seem like something I had to worry about.” After all, since the availabil-ity of an infant vaccine in 1987, Hib meningitis cases in small children had nearly disappeared (before then, nearly 15,000 kids under age 5 con-tracted Hib meningitis every year, and more than 600 of them died). Brendalee had been vigilant about Julieanna’s receiving all her shots, including the one for Hib. What had gone wrong?

As it turns out, Julieanna’s case was a perfect storm of events that

COVER AND INSIDE PHOTOGRAPHS by Richard Foulser • ILLUSTRATIONS by The Heads of State

her some medicine and put her to bed,” she says. away. At fi rst, doctors there suspected was a perfect storm of events that

Travelers can

bring diseases

like measles into

the U.S. from

other parts of

the world where

they’re still

prevalent.

The more

unvaccinated kids

or adults within a

community,

the easier it is for

these diseases to

spread.

People who are unable

to get vaccinated or

whose immune sys-

tems are compromised

are left vulnerable

and exposed.

Some pediatricians

are even refusing

to care for families

who won’t

vaccinate, to

protect their other

patients.

6 • October 7, 2012

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 7: Parade 10-07

Look Who’s Coming To Town!

Join Chef Jon Ashton, from PARADE and dash, at a brand new live cooking event.

Enjoy a fun-filled day of cooking tips, great food, and a chance to win fabulous prizes!

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© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 8: Parade 10-07

8 • October 7, 2012

Julieanna Metcalf (with mom Brendalee Flint) almost died during an outbreak of bacterial meningitis.

illustrate a potential new health crisis in America. That year, Julieanna was one of five young children in Minnesota who contracted Hib, the state’s first outbreak in more than 15 years, according to the CDC. The parents of three of the children had either skipped or delayed the Hib vaccine. The fourth was a 5-month-old too young to have been fully immunized; the fi fth was Julieanna, who, unbeknownst to her parents, has a rare immune defi ciency that made the Hib vac-cine ineffective in her. Her doctors didn’t immediately recognize the symptoms of the bacteria, perhaps because it had been so long since a case was reported in the area.

Unfortunately, that’s starting to change. Over the past several years, the U.S. has seen outbreaks of not only Hib meningitis but also of other once prevalent childhood scourges like measles. A major cause, say experts, is the growing clusters of parents who are delaying or refusing standard vaccinations. But when parents choose not to vaccinate, they’re not simply putting their own kids at risk; they’re also unwittingly jeopardizing newborns, pregnant women, the elderly, and people like Julieanna with preexist-ing conditions. Those populations are increasingly vulnerable as diseases that we thought had been contained start to return, in larger numbers each year.

“There’s a lot of mistrust

out there”

From Edward Jenner’s realization that cowpox could protect human beings from smallpox in 1796 to the introduction in the U.S. of the polio vaccine in 1955 and the measles vac-cine in 1963, immunizations have allowed us to nearly—and, in the case of smallpox, completely— eliminate diseases that once killed thousands or even millions of people.

As recently as the 1950s and 1960s, it was not uncommon for kids to be born disabled or placed in iron lungs as a result of childhood infections. How did lifesaving vaccines—once greeted with relief and open arms—turn into something so feared?

The current backlash dates to 1998, when British gastroenterolo-gist Andrew Wakefi eld published a paper in the medical journal The Lancet hypothesizing a link between the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine and autism. His research, based on interviews with the parents of just 12 children, was widely criticized as speculative, but the press—and parents—seized hold.

A year later, a congressionally mandated inquiry highlighted the use of thimerosal, a mercury-based preservative, in some pediatric vaccines. There was no evidence it was harmful, but the Public Health Service and American

Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), hop-ing to forestall p arental anxiety, rec-ommended its removal. (As a result, thimerosal has been absent from nearly all standard pediatric vaccines for a decade.) But the action back-fi red: A grassroots movement, led by about a dozen “mercury moms,” began promoting their belief that many cases of autism were misdiag-nosed cases of mercury poisoning.

Over the past decade, dozens of peer-reviewed studies that have collectively drawn on data from millions of children have consis-tently found no connection between vaccines and autism. In 2010 a multiyear investigation into Wake-fi eld’s work prompted The Lancet to fully retract his paper, and the U.K.’s General Medical Council revoked his British medical license.

Still, the damage was done, and rumors about vaccine safety have continued to spread, especially on-line, where anti-immunization sites

PROPORTION OF parents who

skip some vac-cines or delay

the age at which they’re given

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 9: Parade 10-07

Physicians of Philadelphia. “If you never leave your house and no one ever comes to your house, you might be protected. But quite frankly, it’s impossible to live that way.”

Ironically, it is the very success of

argue that the shots can injure children. While one recent study showed that only about 2 percent of parents refuse all immunizations, more than 1 in 10 skip some vac-cines or delay the age at which they’re given. Increasingly, these parents tend to be clustered together, creating communities where vacci-nation rates may have dropped below the levels needed to keep infectious diseases at bay. Some of the lowest rates occur in affluent, well-educated communities like Boulder, Colo., and Marin County, Calif., where parents are often focused on being environmentally conscious and paying close attention to every aspect of their children’s development.

“Sometimes, when you’re sur-rounded by people who think the way you think, it’s easy to believe that you’re separated from the rest of the world,” says George Wohl-reich, M.D., CEO of the College of

vaccines that may have led some parents to skip their children’s shots. “Today’s parents didn’t grow up seeing their peers affected by these diseases, or living in fear of being diagnosed themselves,” says Amanda

Dempsey, M.D., a pediatrician and researcher at the University of Colorado at Denver. “That can make immunizations start to feel more optional.” But today many parents do know autistic children—making the perceived risks of vaccinating seem a lot more real than the diseases they prevent. “People who don’t vaccinate do think they’re doing the right thing for their chil-dren,” Dempsey says. “There’s a lot of mistrust because there’s a lot of misinformation out there.”

When Genevieve Futrelle’s 7-month-old son was due for his fi rst round of vaccines, “I just had this emotional reaction,” says Futrelle, a fi rst-time mom in New York City. “I didn’t want him to get the [hepa-titis B] shot. I was wary of how many shots kids get, and I just asked [the doctor], ‘Do we need to do this?’ ” Futrelle decided to delay that injec-tion, though she later consented to other standard vaccines. “I just didn’t

PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION that typically needs to be vaccinated to prevent a disease from spreading.

This is called “herd immunity.”

you go abroad or come into

contact with an infected

person from overseas. “This

summer in Philadelphia we

had a patient with cholera,”

says Wohlreich. “He hopped

on a plane and brought this

disease with him, and it took

some very senior physicians

to fi gure out what it was,

because no one had ever

seen it before.”

2 VACCINES

COMMONLY CAUSE

HARMFUL SIDE EFFECTS.

Vaccines are actually incred-

ibly safe, Wohlreich says. “It

is somewhat common to

have a mild fever. It is some-

what common to have

soreness at the site of the

injection (if there is an injec-

tion). It is very unusual to get

any kind of severe reaction,”

he says. In fact, serious

adverse events are tracked

by the CDC and FDA, and

the rate of occurrence is

extremely small.

3 BABIES’ IMMUNE

SYSTEMS CAN’T

HANDLE THE NUMBER OF

VACCINES GIVEN TODAY.

The CDC recommends that

between birth and age 6

kids get vaccinated against

13 diseases, plus the fl u

(compared with fi ve in the

late 1950s, seven in the

1970s, nine in the mid-

1990s, and 11 in 2000). But

children’s immune systems

are taxed less today than

they were decades ago.

“Today’s vaccines are

so targeted and refi ned

that they contain much

smaller amounts of antigens

compared to when we gave

fewer shots,” says Amanda

Dempsey, M.D., a pediatri-

cian and researcher at

the University of Colorado

at Denver.

4 DELAYING VACCINES

IS SAFER THAN

FOLLOWING THE STANDARD

IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE.

Some parents worry that

giving too many vaccines at

once can lead to develop-

mental problems. Recently,

however, researchers at the

University of Louisville com-

pared kids who received

their shots on time with kids

whose parents spread them

out; they found that those

who followed delayed

schedules fared the same or

not as well on cognitive

tests as those who followed

the standard schedule. In

addition, “by delaying

vaccines, you’re giving

potentially serious infec-

tions a window of opportu-

nity to take hold,” says

Wohlreich. “It’s like saying,

‘This seat belt is a little too

tight; I’m only going to put it

on halfway into my trip.’ ”

5 NATURAL IMMUNITY

IS BETTER THAN

IMMUNITY FROM VACCINES.

“Natural immunity may last

longer than vaccine-derived

immunity—that’s why we

recommend booster shots

for some vaccines—but that

doesn’t take into account

the risks of actually getting

the disease,” Wohlreich

says. “Parents who take the

kids to a chicken pox party

to purposefully expose them

to the virus have obviously

never seen a child hospital-

ized with, or even killed by,

chicken pox encephalitis.”

Plus, some diseases—like

tetanus—don’t provide any

natural immunity; the only

way to protect yourself is

to get vaccinated.

—Jennifer Rainey Marquez

For more information

about vaccine myths, check

out historyofvaccines.org

5

MYTHS ABOUT

VACCINESThe purported link to autism isn’t the only misconception out there

1 SERIOUS DISEASES

LIKE POLIO HAVE ALREADY

BEEN ERADICATED, SO

THERE’S NO NEED TO VACCI-

NATE AGAINST THEM.

“While many diseases have

been wiped out for the most

part in this country, they

haven’t been eradicated

around the world,” says

George Wohlreich, M.D., CEO

of the College of Physicians

of Philadelphia. That means

you could still be at risk if

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 10: Parade 10-07

10 • October 7, 2012

like the idea of all those chemicals going into his body. He’s so fragile.”

“It’s a ma� er of safeguarding

the community”

Experts say many parents may not realize that a vaccine’s ability to stave off the spread of deadly diseases is most effective only when the vast majority are inoculated. This mecha-nism is called herd immunity: When enough people in a population are vaccinated against a disease— typically 85 to 95 percent—those unable to get vaccinated or whose immune systems are compromised are also protected. While parents who skip vaccines may benefi t from herd immunity, they are also putting it in jeopardy.

“Getting vaccinated isn’t only a matter of safeguarding yourself or your kids; it’s a matter of safeguard-ing the community,” says Anne Schuchat, M.D., director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the CDC. “Right now, as a country, we are so well protected compared to the rest of the world. But that can change.” In France, she notes, the annual number of measles cases jumped from 40 or 50 to 15,000 in just a couple of years. “Enough un-vaccinated people had accumulated,

and suddenly the number exploded without a lot of warning,” Schuchat says. “We don’t want that to happen here. In 2011 we went from an aver-age of 60 cases of measles a year to more than 200. The virus can come in from someone who has visited another country, and it’s usually nipped in the bud, but only if every-one around that first patient is protected by vaccination.”

One place where herd immunity can quickly be compromised is schools. Currently, at least 19 states allow parents to opt out of childhood inoculations for “philosophical” reasons (nearly every state allows a religious exemption, and all allow

medical exemptions), and more and more families are doing so. In 2010 the San Diego Union-Tribune reported that the number of area parents who exempted their kindergartners from vaccines had quadrupled since 1990. In 2010, California schools experi-enced the highest rate of vaccine non-compliance in more than 30 years.

In April 2011, a small private school in Floyd County, Va., tem-porarily closed after 23 of its 45 students were infected with pertussis (whooping cough). “The outbreak was in an area where a lot of people weren’t vaccinating,” says Molly O’Dell, M.D., director of the area health district.

Multiple states have faced pertussis outbreaks this year, and reported cases are at their highest level in half a century. This is in part due to wan-ing immunity in older children or adults who have not received boost-ers. In Washington State, a full-blown epidemic has already infected more than 4,000 people. (The state also has one of the highest vaccine exemption rates in the U.S., though new legislation aims to make it more diffi cult for parents to opt out.) For-tunately, no deaths have been reported so far in Washington—but in 2010 the disease killed 10 infants in Cali-fornia, all under 3 months old, too

young to be fully vaccinated.“Particularly with pertussis, the

most vulnerable can’t get immunized because they’re under 1 month of age,” says Schuchat. “Sometimes our most effective strategy is vaccinating around a person. For example, the elderly are very susceptible to infl u-enza, and that’s one reason we want people who work in hospitals and nursing homes to get the fl u shot. Or in the case of measles, somebody brings the virus into the doctor’s office and babies in the waiting room can become innocent victims.”

“Our agenda is to protect kids”

“I try to stress to my patients that you can’t predict when [vaccine-preventable diseases] are going to show up—and you can’t protect your child any other way,” says Ari Brown, M.D., an Austin, Tex., pediatrician and coauthor of the Baby 411 parenting book series. Brown, also a spokesperson for the AAP, says she’s heard all sorts of rumors about vaccines, including that doctors get paid for each vaccine they administer. “Pediatri-cians have no hidden agenda; our agenda is to protect kids,” she says. “We’ve been there with incredibly sick children, and when you see that, you want to do everything you can to stop it.”

For an increasing number of pediatricians, that includes refusing patients whose parents won’t adhere to the CDC’s immunization sched-ule. A 2011 study found that 30 per-cent of Connecticut pediatricians had asked vaccine-refusing fami-lies to seek care elsewhere, as had 20 percent of Midwestern doctors in a recent survey (up from around 6 percent in 2001).

“The biggest concern is that an unvaccinated child could expose other patients, especially new-borns, to potentially deadly

APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF PEOPLE infected with pertussis (whooping cough) so far this year in Washington State,

where a full-blown epidemic of the disease is under way

SHOULD UNVACCINATED

CHILDREN BE PERMITTED IN

PUBLIC SCHOOLS?

Weigh in by taking our poll with at

Parade.com/vaccines

continued on page 19

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 11: Parade 10-07

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© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 12: Parade 10-07

12 • October 7, 2012

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Institute would focus exclu-sively on prevention, and I suggest that we divide our researchers into teams dedicated to the study of individual cancer types, with a deadline for each one.

You also note that 50 per-cent of all cancers are preventable, yet getting people to change their lifestyles is difficult. How can we go about it better?We need to emphasize the cancer risks associated with obesity, with a sedentary lifestyle, with exposure to chemicals like BPA [a com-pound used in plastics]. We need to tell parents, “If you don’t encourage exercise, you’re putting your children at greater risk for cancer.” Parents put sunscreen on their kids and they don’t smoke around them, but they don’t demand exercise in schools because they don’t realize that it’s equally important.

What else can people do to help reduce their risk?Keep a record of all medical tests, particularly those requiring radiation like CAT scans, nuclear medicine tests, or X-rays. Studies have shown that people who’ve undergone a lot of these tests are at higher risk for cancer later in life. Parents and patients need to be encouraged to ask, “Is this necessary?”

You’ve got an insider’s perspective on govern-ment [Cuomo is the sister of New York governor Andrew Cuomo], and in your book, you propose the creation of a new national institute dedicated to cancer prevention. Why?Today there are nearly a dozen federal institutions

dedicated to cancer research, but that research is fragmented, and it’s often duplicated among different departments or agencies. In addition, most of the federal budget for research goes toward developing new treatments; there is only a sliver of the pie dedicated to cancer prevention. The National Cancer Prevention

Stopping Cancer Before It Starts

Turn down

the burn.

Esophageal cancer cases rose sixfold between 1975 and

2001, but managing acid re� ux can help

reduce your risk. Chronic re� ux can lead to a condition

called Barre� ’s esophagus, and

those diagnosed with this syndrome

are more likely to develop esophageal

cancer. Ask your doctor about

lifestyle and dietary changes (like

cu� ing down on spicy foods)

that may help reduce re� ux and

heartburn.

SMART MOVE OF THE WEEK

HealthyStay

PERCENT PROPORTION OF SORE THROAT PATIENTS WHO

RECEIVE ANTIBIOTICS, THOUGH ONLY 20 PERCENT

ACTUALLY HAVE BACTERIA-CAUSED STREP THROAT.

NEW GUIDELINES ADVISE THAT DOCTORS TEST TO

CONFIRM STREP BEFORE THEY PRESCRIBE ANTIBIOTICS.

Source: Infectious Diseases Society of America

BY

TH

E N

UM

BE

RS

WE NEED TO TELL PARENTS, ‘IF YOU DON’T ENCOURAGE

EXERCISE, YOU’RE PUTTING YOUR CHILDREN AT GREATER RISK FOR CANCER.’ ”

We spoke with Dr. Margaret Cuomo, author of the new book A World Without Cancer, about how be� er prevention can help us beat the disease

▲ Regular exercise may signifi cantly reduce cancer risk.

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70

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 13: Parade 10-07

View the entire collection at oceanarmor.org

THEY CAN’T PROTECT THEMSELVES

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 14: Parade 10-07

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 15: Parade 10-07

ILL

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October 7, 2012 • 15

What do the numbers in

20/20 vision stand for?

—Zina Yost Ingle, Vineland, N.J.

The Snellen fraction, named for the ophthalmologist who devised it, signifi es one’s visual acuity at 20 feet (the top number) compared to standard vision (the bottom number). The standard, chosen by Snellen, refers to ordinary vision; it doesn’t mean perfect or even average vision. If you’re 20 feet from an eye chart and you see what eyes normally see at 20 feet, your vision is 20/20. (Each eye is measured separately and has its own fraction.) If you see what people typically must stand 15 feet away to see, your vision is 20/15. And if you must stand 20 feet away to see what ordinary eyes see at 30 feet, your vision is 20/30. The larger the fraction, the sharper the vision.

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Page 16: Parade 10-07

< WIN!

Score a signed copy of Maphead by Ken Jenningsat Parade.com/maphead.Submit a puzzle, and if it’s Ken’s weekly favorite, you’ll win a book!

KennectionsBy Ken Jennings

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4. What gin-and-egg-white cocktail gets its distinctive color from a few dashes of grenadine?

5. In what city was Julius Caesar assassinated in 44 B.C.?

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© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 17: Parade 10-07

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Page 18: Parade 10-07

18 • October 7, 2012

TableAround the

Warm up your mornings with a basket full of baked treats. All you need is this simple recipe—or any of the variations at right—and you’re golden.

MUFFIN

MANIA

MAKE-AHEAD TIPS

Cinnamon Sugar Sprinkle muffi n tops

with a mixture of 3 Tbsp sugar and

1 tsp cinnamon before baking.

BlueberryStreusel Stir 1 cup

blueberries into batter.

Before baking, top muffi ns with

streusel: Combine ¼ cup fl our,

¼ cup brown sugar, ½ tsp cinna-

mon, and 2 Tbsp cold cubed butter.

Oatmeal Raisin

Stir 1 cup raisins

into batter and sprinkle muffi n

tops with rolled oats.

Raspberry Almond

Fill muffi n cups a third

of the way with batter

and spoon 1 tsp seedless jam into

each, making sure not to touch

edges of pan. Top with more batter.

Sprinkle with slivered almonds

before baking.

Banana Chocolate Chip

Stir 1 mashed banana and ½ cup

chocolate chips into batter.

Lemon Poppy Seed

Substitute 1 tsp lemon

extract for vanilla and add 2 Tbsp

poppy seeds to batter.

Apple Pie Mix in 1 tsp

cinnamon, ½ tsp nutmeg,

and ½ to 1 cup chopped apple.

Pineapple Coconut

Stir ½ cup shredded,

sweetened coconut and

¼ cup drained, chopped canned

pineapple into batter. Sprinkle

each muffi n with 1 tsp coconut

before baking.

Breakfast Bites

1 Mix dry ingre-

dients the night

before; set aside.

2 Mix eggs and

milk; cover and

refrigerate.

3 In the morning,

combine dry and

liquid ingredients.

4 Spoon batter

into muffi n

cups and bake.

Basic Breakfast Muffi nsMakes 1 dozen

2 cups fl our

1 Tbsp baking powder

¼ cup sugar

¾ tsp salt

2 eggs

1 cup milk

½ cup canola oil

1½ tsp vanilla extract

1. Preheat oven to 400°F.

Coat a 12-cup muffi n

pan with cooking spray

or line muffi n cups with

paper liners.

2. In a medium bowl,

combine fl our, baking

powder, sugar , and salt.

In a large bowl, beat

eggs, milk, oil, and

vanilla for 1 minute on

medium. Add fl our

mixture. Beat just until no

streaks of fl our remain—

do not overmix!

3. Spoon batter into

muffi n cups. Bake for

18 to 20 minutes or until

tops of muffi ns spring

back when pressed lightly.

Transfer muffi ns to a

rack to cool slightly.

SCAN THIS CODE TO WATCH DASH

CHEF JON ASHTON SHOW YOU HOW TO FREEZE MUFFINS

In the Kitchen

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InIn the K Kititchchene

© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 19: Parade 10-07

diseases,” says Raymond Cattaneo, M.D., whose Kansas City, Mo., practice decided in 2008 to turn away families who wanted to skip or delay some immunizations. Another issue was “what felt like the contra-diction of our supporting vaccines and saying we believed the science showing immunizations are safe and then letting parents make decisions based on fear,” he says.

the days after brendalee flint

learned her daughter had menin-gitis were harrowing. Julieanna had to be transferred to another hospital, suffered a series of increasingly violent seizures, and had to have brain surgery to remove part of the infection. Eventually, she lost her motor skills—including the ability to chew.

On Feb. 15, 2008, almost a month after Julieanna fi rst got sick,

Brendalee was finally able to bring her daughter home. Over time, with lots of physical ther-apy, Julieanna began to recuper-ate. Today, she’s a precocious 5-year-old who’s not shy about telling her parents what she wants. “She’s had an amazing recovery,” Flint says.

Flint knows that in many ways, she’s lucky. The same year that Julieanna was infected with Hib, another child whose parents had chosen not to vaccinate died of the disease. “Anytime I hear about kids getting sick with stuff that is preventable, it frustrates me, knowing that that’s putting other people at risk,” Flint says. “I still cry about it. It’s some-thing I will never get over.”

ARE YOU UP TO DATE?Why kids aren’t the only ones who need vaccines

Each year thousands of Americans

die from vaccine-preventable

diseases, and many more are

hospitalized. We asked Anne

Schuchat, M.D., director of the

National Center for Immunization

and Respiratory Diseases at the

CDC, about some of the most

important immunizations and

boosters for adults. For the full

schedule, go to Parade.com

/vaccines.

PREGNANT WOMEN

Before you conceive, make sure

you’re vaccinated for hepatitis B

and German measles (rubella),

both of which can be passed from

a mother to her child in utero. You

should also get shots for

whooping cough and infl uenza,

which can pose serious risks

during pregnancy and after you

give birth.

HEALTHY ADULTS

Ask your doctor about Tdap

(the adult booster for tetanus,

diphtheria, and pertussis), which

only 8 percent of adults have

received. The U.S. is experiencing

a huge wave of whooping cough,

which can be miserable for you

and life-threatening to a baby.

OLDER ADULTS

Sixty-fi ve or over? You should get

shots for pneumonia, and those

over 60 should be immunized for

shingles—an incredibly painful and

common disease against which

very few eligible people have

been vaccinated.

OVERSEAS TRAVELERS

Keep in mind that you may need

protection even if you’re traveling

to a nonexotic locale like Europe,

which has seen a huge outbreak of

measles in the past couple of

years. Your doctor can make

specifi c recommendations based

on your destination.

—Jennifer Rainey Marquez

Seth Mnookin is the author of The Panic Virus: The True Story Behind the Vaccine-Autism Controversy.

Vaccines | from page 10

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To save even more on your favorite Nestlé brands, visit

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Thanks to you buying over 30 million of our lasagnas in 2011.

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© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.

Page 20: Parade 10-07

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© PARADE Publications 2012. All rights reserved.