LOGO

Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

LOGO

04/08/2023 2

Group Members

Nisar Ahmed1

Muhammad Usman2

Imran Aziz Khan Lodhi3

Ahsan Aslam freedi4

Akber Hayat5

LOGO

04/08/2023 3

Contents Foreign policy: Definition Machinery of Formulation of Policy Geo Strategic Importance of Pakistan Pakistan’s foreign policy 1947-2009: Principles of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy Six Important Phases of Pakistan’s Foreign Policies Pak-Afghan Relations Pak-China Relations Pak-India Relations Tashkent Declaration Pak-Iran Relations Pakistan’s Relations with USSR: Pakistan as a member of International Organizations Impact of U.S relations on Pakistan Recommendations:

LOGO

04/08/2023 4

Foreign Policy and its Purpose:

Definition Set of goals outlining how the country will interact with other

countries: Economically Politically Socially Militarily

Purpose of Policy Foreign policies are designed to help protect a country's national interests,

national security, ideological goals, and economic prosperity.

LOGO

04/08/2023 5

Who develop Foreign Policy

President Prime Minister Chief of Army Staff. Ministry of Foreign Affairs High level bureaucrats Intelligence Agencies Pressure Groups and Political Parties

LOGO

04/08/2023 6

Principles Of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

Following are basic Principles of Pak. Foreign Policy: National Security Economic Interest Islamic Solidarity Peaceful Co-existence Non-alignment Bilateralism

LOGO

04/08/2023 7

Important Phases Of Pakistan’s Foreign Policies

Era of neutrality (1947-53) Era of alliances (1954-62) Era of bilateralism (1962-69) Era of non-aligned movement (1969-1981) Era of revival of policy (1981-1990) Era of regionalism (1991 -1999) Era of war on terror (2001-2007) Foreign policy of current government(2007-to-date)

LOGO

04/08/2023 8

Foreign Relations of Pakistan with Neighbor Countries

LOGO

04/08/2023 9

Pakistan

Afghanistan

Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations

LOGO

04/08/2023 10

Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations

Pakistan shares a long and porous border with Afghanistan (The Durand Line).

Share many cultural, linguistic and ethnic commonalities. During Soviet invasion on Afghanistan in 1979, Pakistani

Government played a vital role in: Supporting the Taliban Assisting Afghan refugees. Providing Health facilities doctors, medicines

Open Border

LOGO

04/08/2023 11

Issued Related to Afghanistan

Due to war in Afghanistan: Pakistan has suffered more than any other country.

Other Problems include Refugees Problem Security of the region Terrorists can enter into Pakistan Peaceful Neighbor is important

LOGO

04/08/2023 12

Pak-China Relations

Pakistan

China

LOGO

04/08/2023 13

Pak-China Relations

In 1950 Pakistan recognized the new People's Republic of China first Muslim country to do so. Road was built linking China's Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region

with the Northern Areas of Pakistan. China Provided Pakistan with economic and military assistance in

1965 and 1971 wars with India Favorable relations with China have been a pillar of Pakistan's

foreign policy China is supplying a range of modern weapons to the Pakistani

defense forces. Trade between Islamabad and Beijing now hovers around $7 billion

a year

LOGO

04/08/2023 14

China’s Projects in Pakistan

Heavy Engineering, Power Generation, Mining, And Telecommunications-- ZonG Investment $4 Billion In 2007 Gawadar Port Pakistan Aeronautical

Complex, Kamra

LOGO

04/08/2023 15

Pak-china Projects

Karakorum Road

LOGO

04/08/2023 16

Pak-India Relations

Pakistan

India

LOGO

04/08/2023 17

Pak-India Relations

Considered Big Rivals of Each other Kashmir :A major cause of Rivalry Indus waters Treaty: September 19, 1960 in Karachi by Indian

Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the then President of Pakistan Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan.

World bank as is a signatory as a third party. Fought two Wars 1965,1971 Shimla Accord in July 1972 by Zulifiqar Ali Bhutto They agreed to a "Line of Control" (ceasefire line) February 1997, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif moved to resume an

official dialogue with India.

LOGO

04/08/2023 18

Pak-India Relations

Kargil War 1998 Pervez Musharraf came to power on October 12, 1999 and

contiuned dialogue process. 2007 the two countries agreed to start flights between their capitals. Samjhota Express Blast Mumbai Attacks in 2008 Dialogue Process finished after Mumbai Attacks in 2008 India a Important Factor of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

LOGO

04/08/2023 19

Big Events: Breakout relations

LOGO

04/08/2023 20

Tashkent Declaration

After the war in 1965 The prime minister of India and the president of Pakistan, met

in Tashkent on 10 January 1966, At the invitation of the chairman of the council of ministers of

the soviet union Made a treaty between them known as Tashkent declaration/

treaty Withdrawal of all armed personnel of both sides to the

positions they had held prior to 5 august 1965 should be completed by 25 February 1966

LOGO

04/08/2023 21

Pak-Iran Relations

Pakistan

Iran

LOGO

04/08/2023 22

Pak-Iran Relations

In 1947 Iran was the first country to recognize the newly independent state of Pakistan.

The Iran- Pakistan- India pipeline is currently under discussion. Pakistan has the second largest shia population in the Muslim world

after Iran. Shias are in a majority in the city of gilgit in northern areas, jhang,

parachinar. So Pakistani shias Love Iran. Government is trying to maintain good relations with Iran. Sunni sect of Pakistan Opposes relations with Iran due to Shiat.

LOGO

04/08/2023 23

Pak-Iran Relations

2005, Iran and Pakistan conducted U.S. $500 million of trade. Trade going up by £1.4 billion in 2009. Trade with Iran (in $Million)

Year Exports Imports Total Trade Balance

2005-06 188.056 449.959 638.015 -261.903

2006-07 167.545 405.767 573.312 - 230.222

LOGO

04/08/2023 24

Pakistan’s Relations with USSR

Pakistan

Russia

LOGO

04/08/2023 25

Pakistan’s Relations with USSR

No recognition of Pakistan by USSR in 1947 Relations fluctuated from cool to aggressive and unfriendly 1949: Liaqat ali khan Visited USA instead of USSR March 22, 1950: The first ambassador was named for Pakistan Pakistan’s decision to join the Western security alliance system,

SEATO in 1954 and CENTO in 1955, wasn’t appreciated by USSR. March-April 1954, a delegation of the Soviet cultural troupe toured

Pakistan. August 1960, Soviet offered long term loan of US$30 million for

oil exploration, helped in restoration of relations April 1965: First direct personal contact in 18 years between the top

leaders of Pakistan and USSR.

LOGO

04/08/2023 26

Pakistan’s Relations with USSR

January 10, 1966: The Soviet Union played the forefront role to sign ‘Tashkent Declaration’

January 1966: barter deal :Rice for Vehicles and road building and engineering machinery

December 6, 1971, the Soviet Union vetoed resolution supported by the US. For cease-fire in East-Pakistan

1979: war Between Russia and Afghanistan effected the relations with Pakistan.

Pakistan Show his support for afghans and U.S.A. Now situation has changed. Pak has started Trade with Russia

LOGO

04/08/2023 27

Pakistan’s Relations with USSR

Year Exports Imports Total Trade Balance

2005-2006 52.419 459.200 511.619 -406.78

2006-2007 83.397 275.874 275.874 -192.477

*The Trade between Pakistan And Russia is as follows (In US $: Millions)

*Source: Ministry of commerce website

LOGO

04/08/2023 28

Relations With USA

LOGO

04/08/2023 29

Impact of U.S.A. relations On Pakistan

Negative impact Pakistan has considered USA as an important ally from its

independence in 1947. First visit of Pakistan’s Prime minister Liaqat Ali Khan To USA in

1949, instead of USSR, Without formal refusal to the invitation made by USSR government Pakistan has suffered a Lot By showing friendship towards the USA Strong Ally of USA in 1970’s Russian war against Taliban In 2001: Pakistan agreed to become a strong Partner with USA on

WAR on terror. Pakistan’s Image as an Islamic country has been vanished due to

friendship with USA. Nowadays, presence of USA and NATO forces in Afghanistan and

Black Water in Pakistan is a big threat to Pakistan’s nuclear Program.

LOGO

04/08/2023 30

Big Event : Changed History After 9/11 Relations with USA changed completely. Pakistan helped USA to attack Afghanistan

LOGO

04/08/2023 31

Impact of U.S.A. relations On Pakistan

Positive Impact: USA Has Given millions of Dollars to Pakistan as an aid for the

Military and Economic Development in following areas: Civil liberties. Political rights. Voice and accountability. Government effectiveness. Rule of law. Control of corruption. Immunization rates. Public expenditure on health. Girls’ primary education completion rate.

LOGO

04/08/2023 32

Impact of U.S.A. relations On Pakistan

Public expenditure on primary education. Natural resource management. Business start-up. Land rights and access. Trade policy. Regulatory quality. Inflation control. Fiscal policy Currently USA Government has approved a bill known as Kerry

Lugar bill. Provide $1.50 Million Dollars annually Strongly Condemned by the Pak. Army, political parties and

common public.

LOGO

04/08/2023 33

Trade With USA

Source: http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5350.html#2009

LOGO

04/08/2023 34

Pakistan as a member of International Organizations

United Nations (UN) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) World Trade Organization (WTO) South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA ) European Free Trade Association (EFTA),

LOGO

04/08/2023 35

Recommendations: Take measures to change Pakistan’s image in other countries. Improve Security Measures in Pakistan Take necessary measures to maintain good and long term relations

with other countries. make policies which could help to increase exports. Create a Clear point of view about war on terror. maintain good relations with Muslim countries especially with Arab

states. Create awareness in our nation to change their views toward

government.

LOGO