paints and finishes

8/6/2019 Paints and Finishes

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What are Paints?Paint is any liquid, liquifiable or Mastic composition which after

application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted into an opaque

solid film.

It is most commonly used to protect, color or provide texture to

objects.


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MANUFACTURING PROCESS:

STEP 1: DISPERSION- Steel drum Resins+ Pigments High surfacetension Addition of surfactant( reduce surface tension in the steel

drum) Addition of rotating steel balls+ Pigments Crushing of

pigments( due to rotation-GRINDING) High speed rotation Increasein viscosity Homogenous mixture Diluting with solvent Reduction

in viscosity(thinning)

STEP 2 : TINTING- To get the desired colour.


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STEP 3: TESTINGDRYING TEST-Testing of the drying period. Different paints have differentdrying periods.

The main thing important in this test is SOLVENT evaporation.

DRYING PERIODPaints on Wall 30mins

Paints on Furniture 5-6 hours

Paints on Industrial structures24hours

TESTING OF SPREADING CAPACITY- It is the capacity of initial layer of paint.

TESTING OF COVERING CAPACITY- It is the hiding capacity of paint.


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TYPES OF PAINTS: Oil paints-These are the traditional type having a linseed oil medium.

Synthetic paints- The medium for these is chemical compound one type,being an oil modified alkyd resin.

Water paints- Also known as distempers, they are used mainly onINTERNAL walls and CEILINGS and most of them give a flat finish.

Emulsion paints- Are mainly used on wall surfaces.

Cellulose paints- They are synthetically reproduced from cellulosecompounds and most of them have to be applied as a spray for they dry

quickly by evaporation of solvent.

Varnishes-They are of two types, Oil varnishes and Spirit varnishes whichare used to give a transparent film to a surface.

Special paints- There are ten types of special paints,

Aluminum paints- Anti-condensation paints, Bituminous paints, Chlorinatedrubber paints, Fire resistant paints, Fungicidal paints, Heat resisting paints ,

imitation stone paints, texture paints, etc


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METHODS OF APPLICATION :SprayingGraffiti, automobiles, etc.

Brushingwalls ( external and internal ),furniture, etc.

DippingSmall and complicated objects.

Powder coatingRefrigerators, window frames, automobile parts, metal furniture


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USES and ADVANTAGES:Protection from external factors like climate,temperature,dust etc.

Visual and decorative purpose.

Aesthetical purpose.Identification- To put control on roads, guidelines, etc.

DISADVANTAGES:Health issues

Application of paints is a lengthy process.Stains of paints cannot be removed easily.

If the paint container is left open for a longer period of time, the volatile

solvent evaporates and the paint hardens.


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PROCESSS OF FINISHINGThe process starts with surface preparation, either by sandingby hand scraping

Imperfections or nail holes on the surface may be filled using wood putty or woodfiller.

Often, the wood's colour is changed by staining bleaching ammonia fuming.To avoid blotching, a barrier or "wood conditioner" is applied before the stain. Gel stains are also

used to avoid blotching.Once the wood surface is prepared and stained, a number of coats of finishs are applied.

Commonly used wood finishes are wax, shellac, drying oils (such as linseed oil or tung

oil), lacquer, varnish, or paint.

Finally the surface is polished or buffed using steel wool, pumice, rotten stone and other polishing

or rubbing compounds

depending on the shine desired. Often, a final coat of wax can be applied over the finish to add aslight amount of protection.

FINISHES


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STONE FINISHES :-1. NATURE2. HONED

3. POLISHED4. FLAMED

5. SAND BLASTED6. SAWN

7. BUSH HAMMERD

NATURAL STONE FINISHES:-The natural surface texture is achieved by ripping along

its line of cleavage to reveal the natural grain &

texture, gives an undulating surface with great

character. The surface comes with natural clefts giving

a very natural look.

HONED STONE FINISHES:-It is produced by grinding a surface with high grit material to a

uniform specification, without producing a reflective surface. Honed stone colours are not as vibrant as polished stones. A

smooth finish with a slight sheen is produced using a polishing

head.

This surface is very smooth, but often very porous. Honed

finishes, unlike polished finishes not reflective.

The honed finish is a satin smooth surface with little light

reflection.This finish is often used on walking surfaces and other areas

where heavy traffic would wear off a polished fin.

Honed finishes are used in interior wall covering. It can also

used on the exterior in warm environments, table tops, light

duty residential flooring, novelty items, etc.


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POLISHED STONE FINISHES:-Polished surface texture is a reflection of polishedcrystals that bring out the brilliant colours and grainsof natural

The shine on stone surface comes from polishingbricks and powders used during fabrication and notfrom any Polishing can be done only on crystallizedstones and doesn't affect the porosity of the stone.

Polished finish is popular as it enhances the colourand markings of the material. A stone with a polishedfinish is very smooth and Reflective.

This type of finish is used in reception areas, wheremarble, granite and some harder limestone are laid.

The popular uses of polished stone are in interior

and exterior wall cladding, interior and exteriorpaving, fireplace facing hearth, lavatory tops,

residential & commercial countertops, table tops,novelty items, many non-architectural uses as toothpaste, paint whiting, agricultural lime, etc.

Flamed:-It is a rough surface that is developeddue to the bursting of crystals whenthe stone is heated. This surface givesirregular textured finish.

The flamed finish is a rough textureused frequently on floor tiles and

vertical applications. and particulate orvein patterns vary from block to block.

The major uses includes - chemistry

and fire resistant surfaces, fireplacefacings & inner hearths, etc. whereheat is an issue.


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Sand Blasted:-Producing a finish similar to cleft, sand

blasting involves projecting a high-

pressure airline coarse-grained grit,top surface of the stone. It is

characterized by a textured surfacewith a matte gloss.

Sawn:-Sawn surface is coarsely polished leavinga semi-smooth, regular finish. It is done

by using a gang saw. Saw cut hasacquired its name owing to the saw cuts

that are made on the surface of stone.

When the stones are broken the cut

layer, they are shaped to uniform size.

Saw Cut finish offers complimentaryaccent to other types of stone It is

generally used for walls, gate entries,patios, landscape design applications,

etc.


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Wood Finishes:-Wood finishing refers to the process of embellishing

and protecting the surface of a wooden material.

Wood like oak, ash, walnut, mahogany, brich, cherry,

maple, redwood, cypress, sycamore, pine,whitewood, rosewood etc are used today commonly

for the trim and floors of the buildings.

Also in interiors it is used to make furnitures and

decorative items.Types of wood:-Hard wood and soft woods,open pored and close grained woods


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METAL FINISHING PROCESSESQuality of surface is an important factor to decide the performance of a manufactured

product.

Surface quality affect product performance like assembly fit, aesthetic appeal

that a potential customer might have for the product.A surface is defined as the exterior boundary of an object with its surroundings,

which may be any other object, a fluid or space or combination of these.

The surface encloses the objects bulk mechanical and

physical properties.


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EXAMPLES OF METAL FINISHES:-

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