p2001647 – brighton 3ts sustainability statement outline ......1.9 the main buildings on the...

P2001647 – Brighton 3Ts

Sustainability Statement Outline Description: Part of submission to BHCC Planning - Dec 2011 update Produced by: BDP Doc No: BDP-ME-SW-RP-0211Issue: For PlanningRev: F02Published Date: 09 December 2011

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BRIGHTON 3Ts: Sustainability StatementDecember 2011

BDP.

Sustainability Statement BSUH 29/11/2011

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Summary of Sustainability Approach

This document outlines the sustainability approach that will be followed during the design and development of the Brighton 3Ts Hospital. This strategy aligns with Brighton & Hove Local Planning Policies: SU2 ‘Efficiency of development in the use of energy, water and materials’, SU4 - Surface water run-off and flood risk, SU13 – Minimisation and re-use of construction industry waste, SU14 – Waste Management, SU16 –Production of renewable energy, alongside SPD03 – Construction and Demolition Waste and SPD08 –Sustainable Building Design.

In line with SPD 08, the development aims to achieve a minimum of 60% in both the energy and water sections of the BREEAM assessment.

In the first instance, the document outlines the measures employed to reduce fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions, both during construction and operation. This will be achieved primarily through passive design measures to minimise heat loss and infiltration rates, and eliminate cold bridging in line with Part L building regulations. In addition, the orientation of the building will be such that it maximises the ingress of natural light to create a comfortable space, reducing the need for artificial lighting significantly. This section of the document aligns with policy SU2. In addition, high levels of insulation and air-tightness will be achieved through the incorporation of modern methods of construction. This will contribute to dramatic reductions in construction waste in line with policy SU13 and SU14.

Once the opportunities to minimise the baseline energy consumption have been exhausted, the next step is to supply energy efficiently. This would be facilitated by low carbon technologies, aligning with Policy SU16; most notably through the use of Combined Heat & Power (CHP) or Combined Cooling, Heat & Power (CCHP). This will provide highly efficient heating and electrical energy to the hospital. This CCHP system will be linked to the existing estate to create a district energy network. A proportion of the heat demand of the existing estate will be provided by the new development thus reducing the carbon emissions of the old. There is potential to increase this proportion of heat provided to the existing estate thus providing even greater carbon savings.

In addition, the potential energy yield received from a large-scale solar photovoltaic array would be substantial, alongside associated contribution to reductions in CO2 emissions. With the recent reduction in the Feed-In Tariffs (FIT) payments (November 2011), however, the financial viability of solar PV has decreased dramatically. With the uncertainty that tariffs will not reduce further by the time of delivery of the hospital, this is an element that must remain flexible to the changing environment. Therefore, it is recommended that if PV is to be pursued by the Trust, that this array should be installed on the eastern ‘finger’ only, as the smaller scale will qualify for higher tariff levels. The central and western ‘fingers’ will be designed such that it will allow the simple installation of a increased array should it be deemed viable at a later date. This meets the requirements of policy SU16.

A comprehensive transport assessment has been undertaken which describes measures that will contribute to a reduction in emissions associated with travel to and from the hospital. Measures such as an increase in bicycle parking, car-parking restrictions and an improved public realm for pedestrian movement will provide an environment conducive to sustainable travel much improved over the existing hospital site.

Metering will be installed to measure and monitor all energy and water use throughout the development.These will be linked to highly efficient appliances and fittings where appropriate, and displayed to building occupants to ensure engagement with the building’s use. In addition, a sophisticated occupancy analytics


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programme is scheduled, that will look to analyse the operation and use of the development by staff and patients. This study will seek to provide ongoing recommendations to reduce both water and energy use further once the hospital is operational.

A feasibility study of both rainwater and grey-water harvesting has been undertaken. Due to stringent infection control measures, it is recommended that only rainwater is harvested for irrigation of the Stage 2 green roof. This aligns with the guidance of SPD08.

The introduction of substantial green and brown roofs (>64% of the total roof area) will dramatically increase the biodiversity of the site, whilst also providing usable space for building users. An environment management plan will ensure that the ecological value of the site is managed closely during construction and after completion, to maximise biodiversity opportunities for the site. Overall green space will be significantly greater than the existing hospital. This will also contribute to a reduction of the urban heat island effect arising from development, as well as reducing flood risk.

The new development has undergone extensive consultation with a broad range of stakeholders, including the local council and the local community. As a result, the new hospital will provide a community resource in terms of a modern healthcare facility, as well as the provision of meeting and conference facilities for use by the local community. In addition, the new frontages will provide a public café and welcoming public realm for open use.


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Contents

Summary of Sustainability Approach ............................................................................................................... i Contents........................................................................................................................................................... i 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................1

BSUH ..........................................................................................................................................................1

The Need for Redevelopment .....................................................................................................................2

Site and Planning History ............................................................................................................................4

Supporting Documents................................................................................................................................5

The Design Team........................................................................................................................................6

Structure and Purpose of the Statement .....................................................................................................6

2 Policy Context .........................................................................................................................................7

Context ........................................................................................................................................................7

Local Plan (2005) SU2 ................................................................................................................................7

Supplementary Planning Document 08 (SPD08) ........................................................................................8

Brighton and Hove Sustainability Checklist .................................................................................................8

National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)..............................................................................................8

3 Reducing fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions.................................................................................9

Introduction..................................................................................................................................................9

Passive Building Design..............................................................................................................................9

Daylight and Sunlight ................................................................................................................................10

Combined Cooling, Heat and Power .........................................................................................................12

Exporting energy to create a district energy network ................................................................................12

Public Transport ........................................................................................................................................14

Car Parking ...............................................................................................................................................15

Pedestrian and Cyclist...............................................................................................................................15

Car Club ....................................................................................................................................................17

Local Amenities .........................................................................................................................................17

4 The incorporation/use or the facilitation of the use, of renewable energy sources ...............................18

Introduction................................................................................................................................................18

Low and zero carbon technology analysis.................................................................................................18

Solar PV ....................................................................................................................................................19

5 Measures that seek to reduce water consumption................................................................................21

Introduction................................................................................................................................................21

Water saving fixtures and fittings ..............................................................................................................21

Water metering..........................................................................................................................................22

In-use water consumption .........................................................................................................................22

Flood Risk .................................................................................................................................................22

6 Measures that enable the development to use grey-water and rainwater ............................................24

Introduction................................................................................................................................................24


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Grey water recycling..................................................................................................................................24

Rainwater harvesting.................................................................................................................................24

7 The use of materials and methods to minimise the overall energy and/or raw material inputs.............25

Introduction................................................................................................................................................25

Low Environmental Impact Materials.........................................................................................................25

Prefabrication ............................................................................................................................................25

Responsible Sourcing................................................................................................................................26

Construction Waste ...................................................................................................................................26

Operational Waste.....................................................................................................................................27

Composting ...............................................................................................................................................27

8 Local environment.................................................................................................................................28

Introduction................................................................................................................................................28

BREEAM ...................................................................................................................................................28

Ecology......................................................................................................................................................30

Wind Analysis............................................................................................................................................32

Public Realm .............................................................................................................................................34

Community Impact.....................................................................................................................................34

Community Involvement............................................................................................................................35

Community Use.........................................................................................................................................35

Urban heat island ......................................................................................................................................36

9 Local Plan SU2 .....................................................................................................................................37

Measures that seek to reduce fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions...................................................37

The incorporation / use or the facilitation of the use, of renewable energy sources..................................37

Measures that seek to reduce water consumption....................................................................................37

Measures that enable the development to use grey-water and rainwater.................................................38

The use of materials and methods to minimise the overall energy and / or raw material inputs ...............38

10 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................39

Appendix A BREEAM 2011 Pre-assessment..............................................................................40

Appendix B BREEAM Water Consumption Addendum ................Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix C Rainwater harvesting & Greywater feasibility study.................................................41

Appendix D Brighton & Hove City Council Sustainability Checklist.............................................42


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1 Introduction

1.1 This Sustainability Statement relates to a planning application which is submitted by BDP on behalf of the Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals’ NHS Trust (BSUH) for the redevelopment of the Royal Sussex County Hospital (RSCH) on Eastern Road in Brighton and Hove.

1.2 This report sets out the sustainability measures to be implemented in support of the redevelopment of the southern half of the RSCH site for new Teaching, Trauma and Tertiary care services known as “3Ts.”

1.3 The 3Ts programme is a critical expansion and modification of health services that will replace outdated buildings (the oldest dates back to 1828) with modern healthcare facilities appropriate for 21st

Century care. It will also lead to a significant expansion of capacity in inpatient beds, outpatient facilities, chemotherapy and radiotherapy places that will be required to meet the needs of a growing, ageing population.

BSUH

1.4 BSUH provides general acute services to the local populations of Brighton, Hove and Mid-Sussex; and specialist and tertiary/regional services for patients across Sussex and the South East of England. This level of care is provided by two hospitals: The Princess Royal Hospital (PRH) in Haywards Heath and the RSCH in Brighton. These hospitals provide many of the same acute services for their local populations. In addition, PRH is the designated elective surgery centre for patients from both Brighton and Hove and Mid-Sussex; while the RSCH is the emergency and critical care centre for the same population.

1.5 BSUH provides a number of regional/tertiary care services: neurosciences, paediatrics, cardiac, cancer, renal, infectious diseases, HIV care, and from April 2012 major trauma.

1.6 BSUH is also a University Teaching Hospital and works in close partnership with Brighton & Sussex Medical School and the Kent, Surrey & Sussex Deanery.

1.7 BSUH also works in close partnership with local General Practitioners (GPs), Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) and the emerging Clinical Commissioning Consortia (CCC) to ensure that local health services are provided and improved in ways that best meet the needs of patients and their families.

1.8 The hospitals’ specialised services see patients from across Sussex and beyond. Last year 516,000 patients were seen by BSUH, including:

�..........16,000 planned inpatients

�..........30,000 planned day cases

�..........41,000 emergency inpatients

�..........421,000 outpatients

�..........128,000 Accident and Emergency Cases

1.9 The main buildings on the southern half of the RSCH site were built nearly 200 years ago and BSUH views the redevelopment as an important opportunity to replace outdated facilities with state-of-the-art modern ones.


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1.10 The 3Ts development also provides an opportunity to produce substantial cost and efficiency savings through consolidation and rationalisation of services, while at the same time offering a much improved standard of care to a regional population. Overall, BSUH strongly believe this will be an exemplar development which fulfils the aspiration to be:

1.11 “One of the UK’s leading University Teaching Hospitals, providing excellent secondary services to the local populations and as a Critical Care Centre providing excellent tertiary / specialist services to the wider region.” (BSUH)

THE NEED FOR REDEVELOPMENT

1.12 BSUH has identified five key reasons for the development of 3Ts:

�.......... replace ageing buildings – The Barry Building, which was completed in 1828, came into service 20 years before Florence Nightingale started nursing. Accommodation is cramped and outdated and there is an urgent need to improve these facilities. This is required to ensure the best care possible for patients in a dignified setting and a pleasant, clinically efficient environment for staff;

�.......... the transfer of neurosciences from Hurstwood Park and its expansion to meet future demands and the needs of the proposed Major Trauma Centre (MTC);

�.......... the development and expansion of cancer services by rebuilding the Sussex Cancer Centre with twice the number of beds, additional radiotherapy bunkers and chemotherapy day case spaces;

�.......... the development of a Level One MTC for Sussex and the wider region including a helipad for use by the Kent and Sussex Air Ambulance and HM Coastguard (Search and Rescue). The MTC, the first of its kind in Sussex, will be for patients with severe and multiple injuries. It will ensure patients with complex trauma receive treatment locally instead of being referred to London hospitals; and

�.......... the enhancement and expansion of teaching and training facilities for students and staff, in partnership with the Brighton & Sussex Medical School and the Kent, Surrey & Sussex Deanery.

1.13 Collectively, this programme is known as “3Ts” (Teaching, Trauma & Tertiary Care). The Trust Statement which accompanies this planning application provides further information in relation to these aspects of the proposal including background information on BSUH and the RSCH.

BENEFITS OF THE PROPOSAL

1.14 It is anticipated that the 3Ts proposal will result in a number of clinical benefits to hospital-users but also quality of life and socio-economic benefits to the wider public. These are summarised below:

�..........RSCH will become the designated MTC in the regional trauma network, serving a population of 1.45 million people;

Hospital-user and clinical benefits

�..........an increase in bed numbers will allow more patients to be treated every year;

�..........a new helipad will allow rapid trauma patient transfer to the hospital providing better treatment of serious trauma in young adults and higher survival rates;

�..........new inpatient accommodation will provide a high proportion of single bedrooms with en-suite facilities resulting in significant reduction of inpatients in multi-occupancy bays;


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�.......... the increase in the number of single rooms will provide greater flexibility to achieve gender segregation;

�..........co-location of clinical specialties will facilitate multi-disciplinary team working improving efficiency in the delivery of clinical services and patient care;

�..........new buildings will be designed to accommodate the latest specialist acute diagnostic and treatment equipment.

�..........health and clinical benefits will result from new, modern care facilities e.g. higher levels of cleanliness on wards and increased patient privacy;

�.......... improved patient care environment will be realised through aesthetic improvements e.g. healing gardens and sea views from wards;

�.......... improved access to the hospital through increased provision of cycle and car parking spaces and better bus services;

�.......... the new buildings will be organised and integrated with the existing estate which will drastically improve wayfinding around the entire RSCH campus;

�..........provision of accommodation for patients’ families;

�..........significant improvement in staff support areas such as changing rooms, staff rest rooms and clinical support spaces;

�..........more accessible heritage and sanctuary space;

�..........segregation of visitor, patient and logistics routes and traffic throughout the new facilities to provide a significant improvement in privacy and dignity for patients;

�..........external spaces – gardens and terraces have been included in the new development with dedicated areas for patients and separate spaces for the public to enjoy;

�..........new high quality dedicated clinical education and training facilities; and

�..........enhanced public spaces and facilities support relatives and visitors with ease of access to patient and visitor receptions and support services, dining and café.

�.......... lower rates of mortality and morbidity as a result of better critical care facilities which will benefit the economy;

Public benefits

�.......... reduced risk of mortality, especially in young adults, from serious trauma injury;

�..........new employment opportunities during construction and residually through job creation;

�..........better training / education facilities for trainee medical staff will produce economic and social benefits;

�..........generation of secondary spending in the local economy e.g. local shops;

�..........community access to new facilities within the hospital building e.g. pharmacy;


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�..........opportunities for access to community and religious space in the multi-faith area;

�..........access to open space within the new hospital e.g. Stage 2 roof garden;

�..........environmental improvements to Eastern Road and the surrounding area e.g. improved public realm on Eastern Road with new street planting;

�..........capacity improvements at local junctions to ease traffic congestion;

�..........access to café spill out space at ground floor level;

�..........sustainability improvements including retro-fitting energy infrastructure to existing buildings on the northern half of the RSCH campus to reduce carbon emissions; and

�..........new tree planting and provision of opportunities for biodiversity and ecology.

SITE AND PLANNING HISTORY

1.15 The site has been in use as a hospital since 1828 when it was built as part of a specialist group of “sea bathing infirmaries.” Its original construction was a three storey building designed by Charles Barry.This original design has been substantially altered and extended, including significant additions in the form of the Adelaide and Victoria wings in 1839 and 1841 respectively. The Jubilee and Latilla Buildings were subsequently built in a manner sympathetic to the Barry Building in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The RACH is the most modern building on the RSCH site.

1.16 Numerous temporary structures have also been erected, and subsequently retained on site as the service requirements of the hospital outpaced the development of specialised buildings in which they could be housed.

1.17 The Historic Buildings Appraisal (HBA) provides further detailed information about the development history of the site and an assessment of the heritage assets contained on the site.The Design and Access Statement (DAS) contains a summary history of all buildings on the site.

1.18 There have also been a number of planning applications on the RSCH site. The Planning Statement provides further information on the most relevant of these applications.

THE PROPOSED SCHEME

1.19 BSUH is seeking to redevelop the site to provide an increase in hospital and ancillary floor space. The description of the proposed development is:

“Demolition of existing hospital buildings and garages and erection of a new hospital (C2) with ancillary restaurant and café facilities; associated car parking; drop-off space; energy centre; and helipad. The development includes:

� a two level underground car park;� cycle parking spaces;� addition of a helicopter landing pad, and associated trauma lift, to the existing Thomas Kemp

Tower building;� external amenity spaces;� public realm with associated landscaping fronting Eastern Road;� site-wide infrastructure including substation, energy centre and flues;� service yard;


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� relocation of Bristol Gate Piers;� reinstatement of the interior of the chapel;� engineering works including siting of Ground Anchors; and� associated highway works”

1.20 This application is accompanied by two listed building applications which seek consent for:

�..........demolition of Grade II listed Chapel (located within the Barry Building); and

�..........demolition of Grade II listed Bristol Gate Piers.

1.21 An explanation as to the mitigation in relation to the demolition of these listed structures is contained within the Planning Statement, Design and Access Statement and Heritage Statement which accompany this application.

1.22 There are a number of other applications associated with the 3Ts proposals. These include;

�..........decant and temporary applications;

– six storey temporary modular building to be located on the southern half of the RSCH site (ref: BH2011/01558)

– two storey temporary modular building to be located in the northern courtyard of the RSCH site (ref: BH2011/00921)

�..........highways Works e.g. Bristol Gate and Arundel Road;

�..........change of use application at St. Mary’s Hall Senior School from D1 school use to B1 office space (ref: BH2010/01833); and

�..........a consolidation centre to facilitate the construction process (location to be determined).

1.23 A separate application is also to be submitted for the Rosaz House site (ref: BH2011/02181). This is submitted by Macmillan Cancer Support, and does not form part of the 3Ts proposals or BSUH’s care model. It is however included in the EIA cumulative assessments.

SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS

1.24 The planning application is accompanied by a suite of supporting documents including:

�..........Planning Applications Forms and Certificates;

�..........Design and Access Statement;

�..........Environmental Statement incorporating Site Waste Management Plan, Construction Environmental Management Plan and Arboricultural Assessment;

�..........Planning Statement;

�..........Flood Risk Assessment

�..........Transport Assessment and Travel Plan;

�..........Trust Statement;


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�..........Helipad Report;

�..........Consultation Statement;

�..........Heritage Statement;

�..........Historic Buildings Appraisal;

�..........Conservation Area Appraisal;

�..........Tall Buildings Statement;

�..........Sustainability Statement incorporating BHCCC Sustainability checklist and BREEAM pre-assessment;

�..........Energy Statement; and

�..........Health Impact Assessment.

1.25 A full set of drawings is also included as part of this application. The accompanying drawing schedule provides further information.

THE DESIGN TEAM

1.26 These documents have been produced by a multi-disciplinary team, led by BDP (Planning,Architecture, Sustainability, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lighting and Landscape Architecture) that includes BSUH (Client), Laing O’Rourke (Project Management), Cyril Sweet (Cost Consultant), WSP (Environmental Impact Assessment, Structural Engineering, and Transport), Ben Cave Associates (Health Impact Assessment), Purcell Miller Tritton (Heritage) and Arbtech (Arboriculture).

STRUCTURE AND PURPOSE OF THE STATEMENT

1.27 The purpose of the Sustainability Statement is to provide a holistic overview of the scheme’s sustainable credentials in terms of the progressive design, construction and operation of the buildings and related infrastructure that forms the 3Ts development. It is submitted along with a series of supporting documents as listed in the Planning Statement. The Sustainability Statement summarises key elements,setting out how the proposed project will meet the principles of national and local sustainable developmentpolicy, and meet all aspects of Brighton and Hove City Council’s (BHCC) Sustainability Checklist

1.28 The statement is developed around themes that relate each component to its relevant policy context and refers to the aforementioned supporting documents where appropriate. Section 2 of the report provides the policy context within which the scheme is situated; Section 3 provides a summary of the measures for reducing fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions; Section 4 provides a description of the use of renewable energy sources within the development; Section 5 outlines the strategy for reducing water consumption; Section 6 describes the measures that enable the development to use grey water and rainwater; Section 7 describes the use of materials and construction methods that seek to minimise raw material inputs; Section 8 draws in other environmental issues, including BREEAM and community involvement; Section 9 addresses each aspect of the development with regard to the BHCC Local Plan; and Section 10 provides a conclusion and summary, followed by a set of appendices containing supporting information.


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2 Policy Context

CONTEXT

2.1 This Sustainability Statement outlines the considerations that have been incorporated into the design strategy in order to achieve energy and resource efficiency objectives. The document has been developed in cognisance of the increasing prominence of sustainability in the national and local planning policy context. There is important national policy and legislation that must be incorporated in design in order to further the aspirations of the local and national Government. The most significant, the Climate Change Act (2008) contains a target to reduce carbon emissions by 80% from 1990 levels by 2050. As a product of this emerging legislation there are two issues which are relevant; firstly that sustainability issues are becoming increasingly important at a national level; and secondly, that as we move forward the targets associated with resource efficiency, carbon reductions and sustainability will become ever more stringent.

2.2 This national focus on the sustainability agenda has been taken forward by BHCC in threedocuments, Local Plan SU2 (Efficiency of Development in the use of Energy, Water and Materials),Supplementary Planning Document 08 (SPD08 – Sustainable Building Design) and the BHCC Sustainability Checklist for planning. These planning policies/documents have been integral as a guide forthe development of this Sustainability Statement.

2.3 The areas of focus contained within Local Plan SU2 have been used as the framework for this Sustainability Statement whilst the issues contained within SPD08 and the Sustainability Checklist are addressed throughout. This document details the approach taken to delivering a sustainable development and how the development complies with the sustainability requirements of SU2, SPD08 and the Sustainability Checklist.

LOCAL PLAN (2005) SU2

2.4 The development will comply with SU2 Efficiency of Development in the use of Energy, Water and Materials. Using SU2 as the guiding framework for this document, sustainability issues are addressed under the following chapter headings:

�..........Measures that seek to reduce fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions

�..........The incorporation/use or the facilitation of the use, of renewable energy sources

�..........Measures that seek to reduce water consumption

�..........Measures that enable the development to use grey-water and rainwater

�..........The use of materials and methods to minimise the overall energy and / or raw material inputs

�..........Local Environment

2.5 In addition to SU2, the Local Plan contains other issues which are also relevant to the sustainability agenda. These issues are addressed within the sustainability statement. These policies are:

�..........SU4 – Surface water run off and flood risk

�..........SU13 – Minimisation and re-use of construction industry waste

�..........SU14 – Waste management


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�..........SU16 - Production of renewable energy

SUPPLEMENTARY PLANNING DOCUMENT 08 (SPD08)

2.6 SPD08 details the requirements of new developments to comply with CO2 emission reductions. Of particular importance for this development are the following requirements. The Brighton 3Ts development will meet or exceed all of these conditions:

�..........Attain a BREEAM ‘Excellent’ rating.

�..........Attain 60% in the Energy and Water sections in BREEAM.

�..........Conduct a feasibility study on rainwater harvesting and grey water recycling.

�..........Minimise the ‘heat island effect’ throughout the development.

�..........Employ a contractor who has signed up to the Considerate Constructors Scheme.

BRIGHTON AND HOVE SUSTAINABILITY CHECKLIST

2.7 In addition, the development has been assessed using the latest Brighton and Hove Sustainability Checklist, released in July 2011. This process assesses the site in accordance with the categories defined through Local Plan SU2 and SPD08

2.8 The completed Sustainability Checklist as issued by BHCC has been submitted online, but is alsoattached as Appendix D.

NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK (NPPF)

2.9 Currently emerging is the new National Planning Policy Framework that indicates the future direction of planning policy in the UK. This new framework combines the PPSs, PPGs and Guidance Notes into a single more focused document. Though currently only a draft and in the consultation stages, the NPPF appears to be looking to improve clarity, reduce costs for business, improve efficiency, promote sustainable development and give opportunities for local communities to engage in plan making at a neighbourhood level. The core underpinning principle of the new framework is the presumption in favour of sustainable development.

2.10 Of particular importance is the focus on renewable and low carbon energy, which encourages local planning authorities to:

�..........Have a positive strategy to promote energy from renewable and low-carbon sources

�..........Design their policies to maximise renewable and low-carbon energy development while ensuring that adverse impacts are addressed satisfactorily.


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3 Reducing fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions

INTRODUCTION

3.1 This section details the various approaches undertaken within the design to reduce fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the operation of the development. The impact of construction material energy use is addressed in chapter 7. Therefore, these approaches relate to the building itself and the transport solutions developed for those travelling to and from the development.

3.2 With regard to the energy consumption of the building the approach to reducing fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions has been firstly to reduce energy demand and then subsequently to introduce efficient, low and zero carbon energy supply.

3.3 With regard to transport, an approach has been adopted to provide credible alternatives to travel by private car but in the knowledge that at a hospital, with the nature of visitors, there is a need to provide car parking.

3.4 The remainder of this chapter sets out the approach employed and how the solutions developed comply with planning policy. The following issues are addressed in this chapter:

�..........Passive Building Design

�..........Daylight and Sunlight

�..........Combined Cooling Heating and Power

�..........Exporting energy to create a district energy network

�..........Public Transport

�..........Car Parking

�..........Pedestrians and Cyclists

�..........Car Club

�..........Local Amenities

PASSIVE BUILDING DESIGN

3.5 The development has been designed such that environmental impact is minimised during operation. The first step in reducing carbon emissions is to decrease initial energy demand through passive design features. This will be facilitated through well-designed, airtight, and well-insulated buildings, in unison with efficient operational energy usage by the occupants. To improve the base build, this scheme will provide improved U-values through careful specification and detailing of the building envelope to conserve energy required for heating and cooling the buildings. It will minimise heat loss and infiltration rates and eliminate cold bridging in line with the latest edition of Part L Building Regulations. Full details of the performance of the various building elements are contained with the energy statement.

3.6 The design considered the use of natural ventilation with an understanding that in a healthcare environment natural ventilation is not appropriate in all areas. Therefore the passive design approach has been balanced such that the most energy efficient building is developed.


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3.7 Natural ventilation has been provided in only a minority of areas in the development, and therefore the majority of the development is mechanically ventilated. This solution has been proposed as it provides for the most energy efficient approach to delivering the internal conditions appropriate and necessary for a hospital. The mechanical solution is able to balance heating, cooling and air changes in an efficient manner. The provision of natural ventilation in such an environment presents difficulties in temperature regulation and, paradoxically, can lead to increased energy consumption as a consequence. As such, amechanical ventilation system has been proposed.

3.8 The mechanical ventilation solution has also been developed in light of future climate and healthcare scenarios. Such a solution affords the best opportunity to deliver comfort conditions to hospital occupants in the event of more extreme climatic conditions. In addition, diagnostic and treatment regimes change over time – for example patient bedrooms could become treatment rooms and therefore require different internal conditions. Incorporating an efficient mechanical ventilation system ensures that rooms can accommodate these new practices, particularly around the required number of air changes and therefore retrofitting and refurbishment is minimised throughout the operation of the building.

3.9 Throughout the design process a Design for Manufacture (DfMA) process has been employed. This process provides a number of advantages over standard construction practices in terms of energy efficient buildings. There are a number of aspects that make this possible:

�..........Offsite manufacture reduces tolerances and therefore it is easier to make buildings more air tight. This applies to both building fabric and mechanical services. Furthermore, high-efficiency insulation can be installed during manufacture

�..........A detailed approach in early design ensures that the energy performance of the building can be modelled early in the design process, and therefore well understood and optimised.

3.10 In addition, the design of the development has been informed by a study of occupancy analytics to understand how the development will be used by occupants. This information has been used to inform the design such that air changes and heating & cooling profiles can be designed in response to occupancy patterns rather than designed to standard specifications. In this way it is envisaged that energy consumption and therefore carbon emissions can be reduced. Further, the ongoing energy consumption of the development can be linked to the occupancy analytics such that the BMS can be calibrated best deliver ongoing energy reductions.

3.11 The development will be smart metered, detailing the energy usage of various departments and areas within the building. The information will be linked to the Building Management System (BMS) and can be used to understand use profiles and to develop the ongoing energy management strategies of the scheme and drive further energy and water consumption reductions. Consideration will be given as to how energy and water consumption and carbon emissions information is displayed to patients, staff and visitors.

DAYLIGHT AND SUNLIGHT

3.12 The proposed hospital development has been designed with sustainable and environmental issues at the forefront of the design philosophy considering both artificial and natural lighting within the scheme.

3.13 In developing the daylight strategy for the building, the relationship between the views out from wards, patient privacy, minimising solar gain, glazing efficiency, the need for interior artificial lighting and the overall energy consumption profile of the building have been balanced to deliver the most effective solution for occupant comfort. For habitable rooms, such as ward rooms, daylight levels have been a key


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consideration but for the remainder of the rooms, those which are considered non habitable, the need for daylight has been balanced against the need to conserve energy (and therefore reduce carbon emissions)and provide optimum occupant conditions.

3.14 Daylight and sunlight studies have been completed for the development with analysis undertaken on sample rooms to generate an understanding of their daylight performance. The results show that 68% of wards achieve an Average Daylight Factor (ADF) 2% or above with those rooms on the eastern, western, southern and northern extremities of the building performing best. This aligns with the requirements under CIBSE Lighting Guide and BREEAM for adequate levels of natural light. By achieving a daylight factor above 2 this reduces the need for artificial lighting and therefore reduces energy consumption. These rooms all also benefit from an excellent view generally southwards out of the building towards the sea. This view, it is envisaged, will contribute to the wellbeing of the patients. The daylight performance for the ward rooms is set out in the table below:

Table 3.1 Details of daylighting by percentage of ward rooms

Average Daylight Factor

% of Ward Rooms

Over 3% 102 – 3% 58Less than 2% 32

3.15 As the table shows 68% of ward rooms achieve an ADF of above 2%. However, as the many of the larger wards (those accommodating 4 beds) are located in the southern aspects of the building a larger proportion of beds than rooms achieve an ADF of above 2%, 76% of beds achieve an ADF of 2% or above. The table below summarises this performance..

Table 3.2 Details of daylighting by percentage of beds

Average Daylight Factor

% of Beds

Over 3% 252 – 3% 51Less than 2% 24

3.16 The building has a number of deep plan areas, and as such, there are rooms where the high daylight levels achieved in the majority wards has not been met. In these cases these rooms are generally those, such as nurses stations, waiting rooms and store rooms, where occupancy is generally of a temporary nature. In certain cases, particularly the nurses stations, the artificial lighting strategy has been developed to create a natural and subtle lighting design to improve the lighting conditions available to the occupants.

3.17 The internal lighting strategy has been developed in order to provide both appropriate lighting levels for a clinical environment and deliver energy savings. High efficiency lamps and luminaries, typically T5 and CFL, have been specified and the use of absence/presence detection and daylight linking will be used in order to reduce the provision of artificial lighting when it is not required. LED lighting solutions have been considered but at present their lighting profile and capital cost limits their viability in many areas. However, LED technology is progressing and the ongoing viability of this solution will continue to be considered as the design process moves forward.


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3.18 The external lighting strategy has been developed so as to provide appropriate lighting whilst minimising energy use. Lighting will be provided by low energy fittings and has been developed to be functional and to provide safety; the strategy concentrates on lighting pathways and entrances. The strategy has also been developed to best respond to the natural lighting conditions through the use of time clocks or daylight sensors. Presence detection will be used to minimise the energy used to provide unnecessary light. The lighting of the building and site for aesthetic reasons will be kept to a minimum.

3.19 The external lighting strategy has been developed in conjunction with the CCTV strategy such that areas covered by the CCTV are appropriately lit. In some cases Infra Red cameras have been specified to provide security whilst reducing lighting requirements. The CCTV strategy has been developed in line with Secure by Design Standards and Sussex Police have been consulted.

COMBINED COOLING, HEAT AND POWER

3.20 In addition to energy demand reductions from passive design measures, a low carbon energy supply solution has been developed. A centralised gas Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) energy centre will be the primary mechanism for reducing CO2 emissions, delivering heating, cooling andhot water and providing some electricity. This solution will be delivered by 2 x 1.5 MW electrical CCHP units.

3.21 This system combusts natural gas supplied from the gas network on site to generate heat (hot water) and electricity. The heat will also be passed through absorption chillers to provide cooling when heating is not required. Such a system generates electricity at source and is therefore not subject to the transmission losses associated with the use of grid electricity. In addition, the heat produced in generating the electricity is used in the building to provide heating and cooling rather than dispersed to the atmosphere as happens with grid electricity generation from traditional fossil fuel power stations. The employment of this type of system is more carbon efficient than utilising grid gas and electricity.

3.22 The size of the CCHP system has been developed to allow the system to be operated at maximum efficiency and for the maximum time. This approach enables the system to produce heat and electricity at the maximum efficiency thus reducing fuel consumption and therefore greenhouse gas emissions. This approach has been developed in two ways: Firstly, a detailed exercise of energy profiling of the new development has been undertaken such that accurate energy demand forecasts have been made and therefore appropriate use profiles have been developed; Secondly, a CCHP system generally produces more heat/cooling than electricity. Given the thermal efficiency of the building a situation is reached where, for the system to run efficiently and produce electricity, a surplus of heat energy is produced. In many developments this surplus heat energy is often released into the atmosphere and therefore this valuable energy is lost. However, a strategy has been developed to utilise this valuable energy through the use of a heating network, thus further reducing the fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions of the building and the wider BSUHT Brighton estate.

EXPORTING ENERGY TO CREATE A DISTRICT ENERGY NETWORK

3.23 The CCHP units associated with the 3Ts development will be linked to the majority of the remainder of the BSUHT Brighton site to create a district energy network. This will not only afford theopportunity to run the CCHP units for longer, thus increasing their efficiency, but the solution will also provide pre-heated hot water to the existing boilers which feed the majority of the remainder of the site. Theexisting boilers are therefore required to consume less energy in heating water to the required temperature,thus reducing their energy consumption and the associated greenhouse gas and carbon emissions.


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3.24 Exporting heat generated by electricity generation within the CCHP to multiple uses (Medium Temperature Hot Water, Low Temperature Hot Water & Absorption Cooling) provides significant additional carbon savings. Incorporating the absorption cooling allows generated heat to be used in cooling occupied spaces. As this is a by-product of the electricity generation from the CCHP, little additional energy is required, thereby reducing associated carbon emissions.

Figure 3.1 Brighton 3Ts energy centre schematic

3.25 The approach of linking the energy centre to the majority of the existing estate provides large scale primary fuel use reductions and therefore greenhouse gas emission reductions. Therefore, the capacity exists to ‘offset’ a proportion of the carbon emissions of the new development where the proportion offset will be dependent upon the demand from the existing estate. By exporting approximately 15% of the CCHP output to the existing estate results in an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rating for the new development of 32 (a ‘B’ rating) and represents a 30% improvement on Part L building regulations.

3.26 However, there remains the possibility that a greater proportion of the heat demand of the existing estate could be met by the new development considerably reducing carbon emissions, improving the EPC rating and the improvement over Part L building regulations. Investigations are underway as to understanding the demand profiles of the existing buildings. This may potentially equate to a 75%improvement on Part L. This specifies a CCHP unit that is operational in excess of 6000 hours per year at maximum output. Under this scenario the new development could achieve an EPC rating of A or even A+. If the development achieves an EPC of A+ it can be conceived as a ‘carbon positive’ building

3.27 The energy centre accommodating the CCHP units will be located in the existing energy centre at the base of the Thomas Kemp Tower. The energy centre is adjacent to a number of oil storage tanks which will be rationalised to provide oil storage as backup energy generation in case of a power failure. It is the intention that these tanks could, at some point in the future, be used to store bio-diesel such that this fuel could be used to replace some gas generation capacity and therefore further reduce carbon emissions.


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3.28 The development intends to achieve >60% of the available Energy credits within BREEAM (2011),thus achieving the minimum requirement defined in BHCC SPD08. For further discussion, including the introduction of BREEAM 2011, see Section 8.

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

3.29 A comprehensive transport assessment has been undertaken as part of the planning submission. This assessment evaluated the travel patterns to and from the existing site, and considers the impact that the new development will have on the transport infrastructure, and what influence new infrastructure can have on changing travel patterns of hospital users in order to promote more sustainable methods of transport. A key component of this assessment is the production of a Travel Plan, which sets out the strategy through which the Hospital will promote sustainable transport.

3.30 The site has good accessibility to a number of bus services. The nearest bus stops to the site are along Eastern Road and Abbey Road immediately adjacent to the site. A total of 17 bus services operate through these stops throughout the week. The most regular of these services provide the site with a good level of permeability to other areas of Brighton, including Brighton Railway Station and Brighton City Centre. Several other services provide less frequent links from the site to the wider area.

3.31 Following a comprehensive passenger survey, ample capacity is available on bus services as they arrive at or depart from the bus stops on Eastern Road outside the current site. For services from Brighton City Centre the average remaining capacity when arriving at the hospital is between 65% and 88% per bus and this stop generally has more passengers alighting than boarding each bus. For services operating towards the city centre there is between 96% and 64% remaining capacity upon leaving the bus stop outside the hospital and this stop generally has more passengers boarding than alighting.

3.32 Via a mixed utilisation of public transport modes (bus and train) the main population centres in the locality of Brighton, as far as Haywards Heath, Worthing and Newhaven can be reached within a 40 minutes journey from the site making the site very accessible via public transport from the surrounding areas. More locally, via public transport, the site can be accessed from Brighton city centre & railway station by a short 10 minute trip

3.33 Additionally, BSUH have introduced a bus service, route 40X, linking the Royal Sussex County and the Princess Royal Hospitals. This provides an hourly service from 7am – 7pm, Monday to Friday with a two-hourly service on Sunday and Bank Holidays.

3.34 Patients and Staff are able to use the service for free upon production of a valid appointment card or Staff ID badge reducing reliance on cars for journeys to/from either hospital. Staff may also use it for journeys not originating or terminating at the hospital in order to carry out errands and to visit patients.

3.35 Based on the increasing level of patronage on Service 40X and the resulting capacity issues, a proposal to increase the frequency of the service is currently under consideration by the Trust Board.

3.36 A relocation of the bus stops is proposed to cater for the new pedestrian crossings and layby. Both the eastbound and westbound bus stops will be relocated 5m downstream from the proposed eastern pedestrian crossing. Such a location provides public transport users with direct and convenient access to and from the main hospital entrance and has been agreed with Brighton and Hove Bus Company. These bus stops will be covered, with adequate seating and Real-Time-Passenger-Information (RTPI).


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3.37 In addition to RTPI at bus stops, the Trust will make provision for RTPI displays both in the hospital foyer and at various locations around the development. This will provide up-to-date information of bus arrival times for all hospital users

3.38 Brighton rail station is the closest station to the site at approximately 2.35 km (25 - 30 minutes walk / 10 minutes bus) from the Royal Sussex County Hospital. Trains running to/from this station offer the opportunity to travel across the regional and national network. Brighton station offers a number of direct services to and from London, with journey times from as little as 51 minutes. There are numerous other direct services to important destinations both local and further a field, including Hove, Worthing, Gatwick Airport, Chichester and Luton, with journey times ranging from four to 110 minutes.

CAR PARKING

3.39 The current site has 508 spaces, of which 11% are dedicated to patient and visitor use located infront of the hospital, and 18% are dedicated for staff use in front of the hospital, at St Mary’s Hall and at Sussex House. The majority of spaces provided at the hospital are within the MSCP, which houses approximately 70% of total onsite provision. In the MSCP 26 spaces are specifically for renal, oncology or disabled users and the remaining 326 spaces are for shared use by patients, visitors or members of staff.

3.40 At present, the shared spaces available within the MSCP are generally filled by staff members during the AM peak, which leaves few spaces available for patients or visitors throughout the rest of the day. Onsite parking exists, but spaces are extremely limited and carefully managed. Approximately 750 car parking permits are issued by the Trust, with applicants assessed against certain criteria to provide permits on a ‘needs basis’. Permits are not issued to staff living within the BN1 or BN2 post-code. BN3 may also be included into the scheme to reduce the reliance on car travel.

3.41 The Parking Management Strategy proposed by the Trust prioritises patient and visitor spaces far more than the existing situation. Under these proposals there will be a significant increase in dedicated patient and visitor spaces, a reduction in the total number of spaces available to staff and a complete removal of shared use spaces.

3.42 In addition, it is estimated that there are between 800 and 1,000 spaces available on-street surrounding the hospital. From this total, there are approximately 150-200 two-hour maximum stay spaces, 500-600 four hour maximum stay spaces, and 150-200 11 hour maximum stay spaces.

3.43 The number of parking spaces provided post-development is 820, which is 99% of the maximum permissible number, as defined by SPG4. It is accepted that car travel is often the most appropriate forpatients and visitors. By providing this increased number of spaces, a greater provision is made for patients and visitors, reducing the reliance on shared spaces therefore creating less conflict with staff and local residents.

3.44 The updated Travel Plan will seek to implement a revised parking system based upon a combination of an applicant’s vehicle CO2 emissions and their annual salary. This will increase staff parking charges by at least 31% for those earning less than £25,000 and between 33% and 150% for those earning over £25,000.

PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLIST

3.45 As a guide to the extent of the likely walking catchments area, the GB National Travel Survey for 2002/2003 indicated that a quarter of all trips made were less than 1 mile, 70% of which were on foot. A typical walking speed of 400m in 5 minutes can be assumed and utilising this, modelling illustrates that


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from a central point of the proposed development site, it is possible to walk to the centre of Brighton’s retail area within 25 minutes, with the Brighton rail station an approximate 35 minutes walk from the site.

3.46 In terms of the pedestrian infrastructure in the vicinity of the site, as expected in a location of this type, there is a good provision of footways which are in good condition and served by modern street lighting. Pedestrian crossing facilities are available at key points, with a puffin crossing located on Eastern Road adjacent to the main hospital entrance points and bus stop locations.

3.47 To improve facilities for cyclists, it is recommended that signage is installed directing cyclists along Portland Place and Abbey Road to link RSCH with National Cycle Route 2 on Marine Parade. The use of Abbey Road will not only benefit staff using the Sussex House cycle compound, but also advertises part of a route already identified by BHCC as a ‘quieter road recommended for cycling’.

3.48 Access to the redeveloped site will be from Eastern Road for pedestrians and cyclists. The development frontage onto Eastern Road will be vastly improved over the existing situation comprising of awidened footway on the northern side of Eastern Road, provision of seating, tree planting and use of public art to make the area much more inviting for hospital users.

3.49 Cycle parking requirements for the new development are specified in SPG4 at a minimum of 1 space per 10 staff. As the redevelopment will result in an additional 450 staff, there is a requirement for at least 45 additional cycle spaces to be provided above the existing provision of 306.

3.50 In order to meet the BREEAM requirements, there must be a provision of at least 386 for the entire site. This is an increase of over 26%. Therefore, in meeting the more rigorous BREEAM standards, which are based on the number of beds and full-time equivalent staff, the SPG4 minimum requirement will also be met. The following cycle parking facility will meet the following standards:

�..........Spaces will be covered overhead and protected from the rain;

�..........Spaces will be fixed to a permanent structure and allow both wheel and frame to be locked securely (e.g. Sheffield Stands);

�..........There will be a minimum distance of 1.0m between cycle racks, where racks allow two-sided parking, and 0.8m for one-sided parking;

�..........Racks positioned in a circular array will be spaced in accordance with guidance in the New Metric Handbook;

�..........There will be a minimum distance from any obstruction of 300mm for one-sided use and 900mm for two-sided use;

�..........Adequate lighting will be provided in accordance with BS5489 Part 1;

�..........The facilities will be a prominent site location that is viewable from the building; and

�..........The majority of cycle racks should be within 100m of the main entrance (ideally 50m).

3.51 BHCC have indicated that they have a desire to provide more than the minimum standards outlined by BREEAM and SPG4, so it is likely that this number will be increased.


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CAR CLUB

3.52 As part of the existing Travel Plan, five Pool Cars are located at each site and City Car Club available for staff undertaking community visits. The updated Travel Plan will seek to increase awareness of Pool Cars and City Car Club through marketing and advertising.

LOCAL AMENITIES

3.53 To reduce the number of journeys required off-site, a number of amenities will be available on-site. The following on-site facilities are currently planned to provide patients, staff and visitors with most daily requirements, reducing the need for travel or facilitating sustainable travel advice.

�..........On-site café and restaurant

�..........Post box

�..........Cash point machine

�..........Outdoor open space

�..........Travel information point


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4 The incorporation/use or the facilitation of the use, of renewable energy sources

INTRODUCTION

4.1 This section details the approach undertaken to investigate the opportunities for incorporating renewable energy generation technologies within the new development. The approach has been to assess the viability of a host of potential technologies to understand their relevance. This viability assessment has been undertaken from both a technical and a commercial perspective.

4.2 The approach set out to understand the current viability of renewable energy generation technologies as well as the opportunities for facilitating the incorporation of these technologies in the future. The approach employed addresses the issues contained in SU16 of the Local Plan.

LOW AND ZERO CARBON TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS

4.3 A comprehensive energy strategy has been produced and is included in support of this planning application. This has been developed through various iterations working toward the best balance of the following appraisal criteria:

�..........Capital costs

�..........Operational costs

�..........Revenue generation

�..........Maintenance costs

�..........BREEAM impact

�..........Site implications

�..........Phasing implications

�..........Planning risk

�..........Fuel security risk

4.4 As part of the process of developing the energy strategy, the viability of integrating a number of low and zero carbon (LZC) technologies within the proposed 3Ts Hospital development has been considered. Each of the LZC technologies has been assessed in terms of their technical and financial viability. These measures correspond to Policy SU16 of the Local Plan. Table 4.1 below details the rationale for theomission of a number of renewable energy generation technologies.

Table 4.1 LZC technologies reasons for omissionBio-fuel boiler High maintenance costs

Large storage space requirementsLarge numbers of deliveries to siteLocal pollution and air quality issues – from both the combustion process and HGV deliveries of fuelFuel security


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Bio-fuel CCHP High maintenance costsLarge storage space requirementsLarge numbers of deliveries to siteLocal pollution and air quality issues – from both the combustion process and HGV deliveries of fuelFuel securityTechnology not yet at an appropriate level of development

On site wind turbines Visual impactSpace requirements for larger turbinesPotential conflict with helicopterAcoustic and flicker issuesHigh capital cost

Off site wind turbines Visual impact – particularly if located within the National Park Lengthy stakeholder consultation and negotiationAcoustic and flicker issuesHigh capital cost

Solar hot water Conflict with energy profile of CHPAppropriate roof space made available for potential PV array

Ground source heating and cooling

High capital cost given ground works and low levels of energy generatedLarge site area required for typical pipe installationPollution issues associated with protected aquifer

4.5 Based upon the above considerations, the current renewable energy generation strategy recommendations are as follows:

SOLAR PV

4.6 A PV array of 290m2 will be installed on the eastern ‘finger’ of the stage 1 building to contribute to the future proofing of the energy supply for the facility. This single array will generate approximately 33MWh of electricity per annum. The array has been designed such that it has no impact on the profile of the building. The building roof will be surrounded by a 3m louvre to screen roof based plant and equipment. The PV array has been designed where the upper edge of the PV will be below the top of the louvered screen and therefore will not be seen from ground level.

4.7 The remainder of the stage 1 development (the other 2 ‘fingers’ and a smaller area to the rear of the eastern finger) will be future proofed such that capacity exists for the installation of a large PV arrays oneach of these other areas of roof. This future installation of further PV arrays has also been designed with no impact on the building profile.

4.8 The capital expenditure associated with PV is considerable and the payback for the large capital outlay is comparatively lengthy. In addition, capital cost, funding opportunities and incentives are changing regularly and therefore it is currently unclear as to the financial viability of incorporating PV onto all four areas given that its installation would likely not be before 2016.

4.9 As a consequence of this uncertain financial viability surrounding the inclusion of PV at the present time, the energy supply strategy has progressed on the basis of delivering the most effective solution to deliver the maximum carbon savings in the most economically viable way. Therefore, 290m2 of PV has been recommended for the eastern ‘finger’ of Stage-1, with the remaining roof enabled so that PV can


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easily be retrofitted onto the building (or indeed included within the design at any time prior to completion of Stage-1 if deemed viable) when the economic situation becomes appropriate. A structural solution to mounting the PV has been developed in the context of the structural parameters of the building, along side the inclusion of the electrical connection infrastructure, so that a larger PV array could easily be erected and connected at a later date. Therefore, the use and the facilitation of the use of renewable energy has been ensured within the design in accordance with both SU2 and SU16 of the Local Plan.

Figure 4.1 Plan showing arrangement of PV on eastern finger of 3Ts

Figure 4.2 Plan showing arrangement of PV on all available roof area of 3Ts


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5 Measures that seek to reduce water consumption

INTRODUCTION

5.1 This section details the approach undertaken to reduce water consumption within the new development. The approach has been to use the relevant Health Technical Memorandum (HTM) guidance on water system design and enhance these to reduce water consumption whilst delivering effective and safe water supply infrastructure.

5.2 The water strategy has been developed by considering the following options as stand alone solutions or in combination:

�..........The use of water saving fixtures and fittings

�..........Water metering

�.......... In use water consumption

�..........Flood risk

WATER SAVING FIXTURES AND FITTINGS

5.3 The inclusion of sustainable technologies which reduce the reliance on public water supplies and minimise wastage have been considered, with the overall emphasis of reducing water consumption. It is proposed that water consumption per bed space is reduced in comparison to the existing development but still provides a safe and meaningful supply of clean water for the hospital to function without risk.

5.4 Water saving measures such as flow limiting devices on sinks, wash basins and showers, automatic shut-off valves, and WC cisterns with dual flush mechanisms will be provided.

5.5 Careful attention will be paid to pipe work design to reduce the amount of cold water that runs to waste before hot water arrives at the tap. Hot water dead legs will be kept as short as practical and will be provided with a secondary circulation system to maintain supply temperatures within the system.

5.6 Throughout the hospital, water will be boosted to reach the various sanitary appliances and items of equipment. Distribution pressures will be controlled throughout the system to ensure that excessive pressures are avoided which can lead to higher flow rates from appliances.

5.7 The development will achieve >60% of the available water credits within BREEAM New Construction 2011 under which it is being assessed, thus achieving the minimum requirement defined in BHCC SPD08.

5.8 This will be achieved through a combination of high-efficiency sanitary fittings and water leak detection and prevention fittings, where flow control valves will be fitted to each WC area/facility; which will be linked to PIR sensors to automatically turn off the water supply when the facilities are unoccupied.

5.9 In addition, the development will incorporate a device that automatically stops the flow from the taps when the bath’s maximum capacity is reached, and the flushing control for each WC will be suitable for operation by patients with frail or infirm hands or activated by electronic sensors. These are additional mandatory requirements specific to healthcare facilities. A full outline of the revised requirements and resulting implications is attached as Appendix B.


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WATER METERING

5.10 The primary supply to the site will be metered by the public water company and will provide an overall water use figure for the development. In order to understand the consumption of water across the hospital, consideration is to be given to sub-metering the various departments on each floor. As a minimum the following would be metered:

�..........Supply to storage tanks

�..........Supply to mechanical plant

�..........Supply to irrigation tank mains water make-up

�..........Supply to high water use equipment

5.11 Each meter will be provided with a pulse output facility that will be linked into the BMS. This facility will allow frequent meter readings to be taken and water usage accurately quantified. It will allow the areas metered to be monitored to give an understanding of seasonal variations which may assist in the identification of leaks or excessive usage. Meters on specific items of plant will also assist in determining the efficiency of plant.

IN-USE WATER CONSUMPTION

5.12 A review will be undertaken of the current strategic water use policies of the hospital with regard to issues such as hand washing protocols, flow rates, cleaning regimes, etc.

5.13 Using this information it is the intention that proposals can be developed to introduce improved practices and therefore potentially reduce water use during operation.

FLOOD RISK

5.14 The development is located in flood risk zone 1, with no direct risk of flooding (less than 1 in 1000 (<0.1%) annual probability of river or sea flooding). The proposed development has been designed to accommodate for the 1 in 100 year flood event +20%. Therefore, there is considered to be a negligible long term permanent flood impact from the proposals. A Flood Risk Assessment (FRA) is provided in support of this planning application.

5.15 The proposed development is located within a zone defined by the Environment Agency as having a low annual probability of flooding. Though the development is not in a specified protection zone, efforts will be made to minimise sources of pollution through land management practices that reduce rapid water surface run-off and soil erosion, such as permeable paving.

5.16 Potential sources of surface water contamination during the operation of the Proposed Development are anticipated to be minimal and limited to the following:

�..........Oil residues and sediments from vehicles accessing the Site and from car parking areas within theProposed Development

�..........Wastewater (sewage effluent, water from sinks, showers and other domestic and clinical uses) from occupation of the Proposed Development

�..........The use of domestic/clinical chemicals and any garden chemicals used in areas of soft-landscaping.


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5.17 The 3Ts Development will be served by a positive drainage network to a system of soakaways and attenuation tanks on the south side of the Site. The soakaways will be designed to dispose of all surface water runoff. In the instance of an extreme rainfall event an attenuation tank with an emergency overflow is provided. The Stage 1 portion of the drainage strategy provides attenuation of surface water flows in a structural underground attenuation tank beneath the hospital building. The flows from the tank to Eastern Road will be limited to a maximum of the peak 1 in 1 year storm flow rate (210 l/s). This attenuation tank will also attenuate the surface water flows from Stage 3, this will not increase the restricted outflow. The Stage 2 surface water strategy directs flows to an infiltration blanket and soakaway, this combination will result in no discharge to Eastern Road.

5.18 The existing surface water runoff discharges to existing soakaways (25%) and to a combined sewer in Eastern Road (75%). The surface water runoff for the Proposed Development will improve the area being discharged to soakaways from 25 % to 44%. The remaining 56% of the new development area will be attenuated in an underground tank and discharged to the combined sewer in Eastern Road. It is proposed that this mix of SUDs will provide attenuation of storm waters in excess of the 100 year return period plus 20%.

5.19 The surface water drainage strategy will also includes gullies in areas subject to vehicular traffic and full retention separators. This, together with the provision and maintenance of oil interceptors in parking areas where required, will adequately control surface water quality. In addition, the handling of potential contaminants will not be undertaken close to drains.

5.20 During construction, care will be taken to prevent the contamination of surface water by pollutants associated with the construction process. As such, the Principal Contractor will put a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) in place to manage and control all construction activities, including management of surface water run-off and the storage of fuel and chemicals. The CEMP details the procedures and methods that must be followed to minimise the potential environmental effects of construction activities at the Site. The CEMP will be monitored and updated throughout the duration of the project.

5.21 In addition, to protect the environment from contamination during the construction phase, a localised surface water run-off management system will be employed by the contractor. This will enable containment of pollutants and sediment. Only surface water that is of a suitable standard will be allowed to discharge from the development site.

5.22 Construction vehicles will be managed in such a way as to effectively minimise the risk posed to the water environment, e.g. chemicals and fuel will be stored in bunded areas. These vehicles and storage areas will be inspected regularly and maintained to the required standard for the duration of the project.

5.23 The new development incorporates a significant area of green and brown roofs/roof planting, alongside extensive areas of soft landscaping around the site. This will contribute to the attenuation of peak run-off, providing significant improvements over the flood attenuation capacity of the existing buildings.

5.24 The aforementioned approaches meet the requirements of policy SU4 of the Local Plan.


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6 Measures that enable the development to use grey-water and rainwater

INTRODUCTION

6.1 In line with the requirements BHCC SPD08, both a grey water recycling feasibility study andrainwater harvesting feasibility study have been undertaken. These feasibility studies are included in support of this planning application (Appendix C).

GREY WATER RECYCLING

6.2 In the absence of laundry facilities within the development, showers and wash hand basins are the major sources of water to be treated within a grey water recycling system. This recycled grey water could potentially be used for WC flushing within the development

6.3 Maintaining stringent water quality standards to assist with infection control in a clinical environment is a fundamental requirement of the development. As such, the risks associated with the potential for water borne diseases transmitted within any grey water recycling system in conjunction with significant capital expenditure and high ongoing maintenance costs have been judged too great for such a system to be included within the development.

RAINWATER HARVESTING

6.4 As with grey water recycling, there are infection control risks associated with the use of rainwater in a clinical environment and therefore harvested rainwater will not be used to flush WCs.

6.5 However, rainwater falling on the Stage-1 roof will be harvested to irrigate the Stage-2 roof amenity gardens as an alternative to mains water for irrigation purposes. A further study is to be undertaken to determine whether this system can be extended for possible façade, window and vehicle cleaning.

6.6 The use of harvested rainwater for irrigation presents an infection risk if a system is employed which allows aerated water vapour to occur. Therefore using such water for irrigation using hose pipes and sprinklers is inappropriate. An under-soil drip feed system will be installed to remove this risk.

6.7 Not only will these measures result in a lower mains water consumption, they will also provide other benefits such as reduced energy costs for on site distribution and reduced flows to the public sewage system which reduces the overall load at the treatment works and again provides both energy and carbon savings.


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7 The use of materials and methods to minimise the overall energy and/or raw material inputs

INTRODUCTION

7.1 This section details the approach taken to minimise the energy associated with raw material inputs. This relates to the volume and type of materials used, how construction waste is reduced and managed and how operational waste is dealt with. The production, use and disposal of building materials create significant amounts of energy and resource waste. For this reason the choice of materials will be carefully considered to achieve savings where viable.

LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MATERIALS

7.2 The impact of materials and construction choices take into consideration factors such as CO2

emissions, primary energy used in extraction, production and transport, VOC and NOX emissions, percentage of recycled content, toxic pollutants arising from manufacturing, wastes generated and raw materials required for manufacturing. By specifying environmentally considerate materials, these factors are reduced dramatically.

7.3 In addition, building elements will be designed and constructed to facilitate reuse of materials and systems, and reconditioning will be prioritised. The use of recycled aggregates in concrete will be explored for high-grade uses.

7.4 A minimum of 80% (by area) of materials specified for hard landscaping will be low environmental impact, A/A+ rated according to the BRE Green Guide to specification.

7.5 Major building elements including roofs, walls and floors will, where viable, be specified with A/A+ rated materials as listed in the Green Guide to specification to increase the score under the BREEAM issue Mat 01 Life cycle impacts.

PREFABRICATION

7.6 The design has been developed such that a prefabrication construction method, also known as Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA), is considered from an early stage of design. This approach contributes to the delivery of energy efficient buildings with lower carbon emissions and lower operational costs. These elements also contribute to an enhanced BREEAM score through the responsible sourcing of materials that make-up the components. Furthermore, this approach substantially reduces:

�..........Site CO2 emissions

�..........Site water consumption

�..........Site waste (typically half of that produced during traditional construction)

�..........Risk of local pollution

�..........Disturbance to neighbours

�..........Time on site

�..........Construction traffic


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RESPONSIBLE SOURCING

7.7 All timber used on site and for construction materials will be from an independently verifiedsustainable source such as Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). Ensuring materials are sustainably procured is a key aspect of the materials specification, and where feasible other materials such as concrete and steel will seek to be sourced from responsible suppliers. If possible, suppliers with BES6001 certification will be sought.

7.8 Given the scale of the project and nature of the offsite manufacturing process it is unlikely that high levels of locally sourced materials will be included within the design. However, it is likely that over 25% of the labour force during the construction phase will be local individuals.

CONSTRUCTION WASTE

7.9 A Site Waste Management Plan has been prepared to ensure that waste is considered at all stages of the design and construction of the project in line with SPD03: Construction and demolition waste. The design team are actively involved in implementing ‘designing out waste’ measures to reduce the ultimate burden on the contractor to minimise the amount of waste being generated during construction. Where construction waste is produced, suitable waste separation and collection strategies will be developed to ensure the appropriate processing for recyclable materials.

7.10 Hazardous materials encountered during the demolition process, such as asbestos, will be removed by specialist contractors in appropriate containers clearly marked with an asbestos symbol and disposed of to an appropriately licensed facility. All asbestos materials will be removed by a Health and Safety Executive licensed contractor following appropriate guidance, detailed advice, safe working procedures and safe disposal methods.

7.11 In order to plan for the minimisation and management of the volume of demolition waste generated, the appointed Principal Contractor has prepared a Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) which will include best practice measures to minimise waste generation and reduce the amount of waste being sent for disposal where possible.

7.12 Material deemed suitable for reuse on the proposed development will be retained and stockpiled where possible to incorporate such materials into the subsequent construction process. For example, bricks may be crushed and reused for the piling mat.

7.13 If materials cannot be reused on-site, then the feasibility of reusing them off-site will be explored. Schemes exist which encourage the exchange of waste materials, with the intention of diverting quantities from landfill. One such scheme is the National Industrial Symbiosis Programme (NISP) which is operational in the South East. This involves identifying waste streams which could successfully be used by another business or operation. This results in the diversion of waste from landfill and thus presents the potential for cost savings.

7.14 The Principal Contractor has established target performance against a number of key performance indicators (KPIs) specifically for waste management at the proposed development which will be regularly monitored:

�..........4.69t / 100m2 gross internal area (GIA) for non-hazardous construction waste only

�..........12.3m3 / £100k spend – non-hazardous construction waste only

�..........45m3 / £100k spend – total non-hazardous waste (including demolition and excavation waste)


27 Brighton 3Ts

�..........80% by weight diverted from landfill.

7.15 Significant quantities of waste on-site will be retained and stockpiled (where possible) to incorporate such materials into the subsequent construction process, thereby reducing the need to send waste for disposal. Recycled aggregates can dramatically reduce the environmental impact of virgin concrete in building or landscaping structure, for example. Such adherence to the waste hierarchy by reusing and/or recycling waste materials will further reduce the magnitude of waste sent for disposal.

7.16 In line with the requirements of BHCC SPD08 all construction works on the Site will be undertaken in accordance with the Considerate Constructors Scheme. The contractor has targeted a performance of 36 out of the available 40 credits under this scheme.


OPERATIONAL WASTE

7.18 The waste strategy for the site will employ clear and simple point-of-source waste separation to facilitate high levels of recycling and a reduction in waste to landfill. Different approaches will be employed in patient/visitor and staff areas, where in the latter, the variety of waste streams will be greater and appropriate disposal will be required, particularly for medical waste. In all areas, the provision of clearly marked bins will be made, and disposal points will be clearly signposted.

7.19 A rigorous waste management plan will be put in place upon occupation of the hospital.


COMPOSTING

7.21 There will be capacity for composting the green waste arising from the roof amenity garden on-site. This will be situated on the Stage-2 roof therefore in close proximity to the waste source. This will permit the collection and processing of grass and shrub clippings to be used as fertiliser for the planted areas.

7.22 For reasons of safety and volume, cooked food waste will not be processed on site. This is primarily the result of health concerns, where it is not advisable on a health site to treat cooked food waste due to the potential for vermin infestation. Establishing a partnership with a third party waste disposal company to process all organic waste will be explored. The service yard has enough capacity to facilitate safe storage and collection for this purpose.

7.23 Furthermore, given that there is only limited food-preparation on site, associated only with the cafeteria, there will be only limited volumes of food waste. Patient food is prepared externally and delivered to the hospital to be heated before serving.


28 Brighton 3Ts

8 Local environment

INTRODUCTION

8.1 Sections 3 - 7 addressed sustainability issues specific to SU2. In addressing the requirements of SU2, issues relevant to SPD08 and the sustainability checklist were also addressed. However, there are a number of further relevant issues which are addressed below. These issues are as follows:

�..........BREEAM

�..........Ecology

�..........Wind analysis

�..........Public realm

�..........Community impact

�..........Community involvement

�..........Community use

BREEAM

8.2 BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) is an independently verified environmental assessment that sets a benchmark for environmental performance and enables a building to be assessed holistically against a set of sustainability criteria that include environmental, social and economic issues.

8.3 In June 2011, the BRE introduced a new version of the assessment method; BREEAM 2011 for New Construction. Projects can still be assessed under the previous 2008 method but must be completed within 5 years from this date (I.e. by June 2016). The design and construction programme for the 3Ts development extends beyond this and therefore there is the requirement to assess 3Ts under BREEAM 2011. Although the project is registered under the BREEAM 2008 scheme, the design team believes that the 2011 scheme better reflects the environmental aspirations to which such a development should respond, as achieving a rating of ‘Excellent’ under BREEAM 2011 is more onerous than the 2008 assessment.

8.4 The new assessment method has seen a restructuring of credits, alongside the introduction of some new credits and the omission of others. The key changes are outlined below:

�..........Setting new benchmarks and assessment methodology for energy efficiency and operation

�..........Carbon emissions, including benchmarks that encourage the zero carbon hierarchy and reward ‘carbon negative’ buildings.

�..........Updated benchmarks for construction waste and water consumption.

�.......... Introduction of new standards on sustainable procurement and post-construction operational aftercare, including monitoring of building performance.


29 Brighton 3Ts

�..........Updated approach to assessing and quantifying service life planning, stakeholder participation, life cycle impacts and recycled aggregates.

�..........New and updated reporting requirements of key performance indicators, including building life cycle CO2 emissions, construction and operational water consumption, construction waste volumes and VOC emissions.

�.......... Re-classification and consolidation of issues and criteria to ensure the method continues to deliver in an efficient, cost effective and value added manner, whilst providing a platform for specifying environmental performance targets and quantifying the key building impacts and opportunities at a local, national and global level in line with international work on metrics and assessment frameworks.

8.5 All aspects of the design to date have been closely linked with the BREEAM assessment and other sustainability issues to ensure the development performs well and achieves highly.

8.6 In line with the requirements of BHCC SPD08 and the NHS a BREEAM rating of ‘Excellent’ is targeted for the 3Ts hospital development. Additionally, as part of the requirements outlined in BHCC’s SPD08, all new-build non-residential developments must achieve 60% in both Energy and Water sectionsof the relevant BREEAM Assessment method. The development has targeted the achievement of this level of performance.

8.7 A BREEAM New Construction 2011 pre-assessment has been conducted for the development and has resulted in preliminary score of 73.12%; surpassing the overall rating of ‘Excellent’ (>70%). ThisBREEAM 2011 pre assessment is attached as Appendix A. This pre-assessment achieves 60.00% of the Energy section credits, and 66.67% of the water section credits therefore meeting the SPD08 requirements.

8.8 It is assumed that the 60% planning target remains applicable to a 2011 assessment.

8.9 The BREEAM assessment will encompass the entirety of stages 1 and 2. Thus the post construction assessment will be completed on final completion of the development. As the development will be assessed as a single BREEAM assessment, a Post Construction Review (PCR) will be completed upon final completion of the whole development.

8.10 The provision of a design stage BREEAM assessment prior to commencement on site is problematic to achieve. This is due to timeframes of activities required before the design stage BREEAM certificate can be provided. Firstly, all necessary design evidence must be provided in full to the scheme assessor and assessed according to its performance. Secondly, time must be allowed to write the report and validate all necessary BREEAM issues, which on a scheme of this size will be a time consuming exercise. Thirdly, the report must then be submitted to the BRE for Quality Assurance (QA) validation. The BRE estimate that this QA process takes between 4 and 6 weeks. Therefore, from the point at which all evidence can be delivered, there could be a considerable time period before the design stage BREEAM certificate is provided and thus, if a BREEAM design stage assessment is required prior to commencement, a considerable and costly delay. The design team proposes therefore that any planning condition relating to the provision of a design stage BREEAM assessment gives suitable leeway such that the commencement of the scheme is not delayed. A period of six months following commencement would be sufficient to provide the design stage assessment.

8.11 BREEAM 2011 affords the opportunity to gain a credit for the completion of a Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE). This exercise is undertaken to ensure that the development is correctly calibrated and is operating and consuming energy in line with the design intent. This POE would be completed within 1 year


30 Brighton 3Ts

of final occupation. Additionally, a study of occupancy analytics has been undertaken to inform the design in line with use patterns. In the operational phase this data will be updated with actual measured data to inform the operational strategies of the building such that energy consumption can be optimised. Using this process it is envisaged that the resource consumption of the building will be effectively monitored, managed on an ongoing basis to ensure energy consumption, and therefore carbon emissions, are optimised and potentially reduced over time.

8.12 Similarly to energy, a parallel similar exercise has been undertaken to understand water use patterns within the existing development. The approach to management and monitoring systems with regard to water use will also be developed such that ongoing operational water use can be understood and strategies to reduce consumption developed on an ongoing basis.

ECOLOGY

8.13 The existing site is considered to hold very low ecological value, so a key aspect of the new development is to increase this through the provision of landscaping elements, including roof amenity gardens, green roofs and brown roofs. Because of the infill nature of the development, providing amenityspace on the roof of the Stage-2 building was the most appropriate area to deliver this. This provides enhanced green spaces for the use of staff, patients and visitors whilst increasing the biodiversity value of the area.

8.14 An extended habitat survey was conducted to establish the ecological value of the habitats, followed by detailed surveys for badgers, reptiles and birds, indicating presence of each on-site and identifying measures to protect natural habitats. Detailed information can be found in the Ecology Reportand the Ecology mitigation and enhancement strategy. This report details the existence of Peregrine Falconnesting activity on the Thomas Kemp Tower, which must be relocated.

8.15 The ecology report confirms that there are 11 trees on site which range from immature to mature specimen. These trees include English elm Ulmus procera, holly Ilex aquifolium, sycamore Acer pseudoplantus, Japanese flowering cherry Prunus serrulata ‘Kwazan’ and field maple Acer campestre. These also provide suitable bird nesting opportunities, although the urban nature of the habitats present means that similar habitat is abundant in the local area and across the region. This habitat is considered of value at the site level. No trees on site have features suitable of supporting roosting bats.

8.16 To minimise disturbance of nesting birds, structures and vegetation should, where possible, be cleared outside the bird breeding season (which is March to August, inclusive although some species may nest at any time of the year). In the event of clearance being necessary during the bird breeding season, a suitably qualified ecologist will examine the area immediately prior to starting works in order to confirm absence of breeding birds. If nesting birds are found within the affected area, works must be postponed until the juveniles have fledged, to remain lawful and to allow successful recruitment into the population. This will be detailed within and enforced through the implementation of the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP).

8.17 Habitat re-creation will occur on the site in the form of new tree planting and the creation of roof amenity gardens and green/brown roofs. These will incorporate suitable bird nesting habitat in the form of a range of bird nesting boxes within the wider hospital grounds prior to commencement of demolition, to replace nesting habitat in the short term and increase nesting availability in the long term. Once established, these habitats will provide far greater nesting resource for birds than currently exists on site.

8.18 A total of 135 trees are to be planted during the redevelopment of the hospital site.


31 Brighton 3Ts

8.19 Additionally, a series of roof gardens will be created, making the best use of the restricted space, further increasing the ecological value of the site, whilst creating usable outdoor space for relaxation and recuperation of patients or visitors. These areas consist of appropriate marine flora and fauna, a large number of trees, and substantial seating areas. Hard areas add additional functionality with the path network weaving through these zones and define boarders. At ground level, the public space will also be upgraded to include substantial tree and flower planting to improve both aesthetics and air quality. These will encourage pollinating insects and birds.

8.20 A green roof Environmental Management Plan (EMP) covers the construction phase of a green roof as well as the first 5 years after project completion. The core objectives within a green roof management plan are to enhance the local ecology/ biodiversity within the Site over a long time period, provide a low maintenance roof and maximise biodiversity opportunities within a relatively small area. This is usually achieved by creating on-site species diverse habitats which are suitable to enhance foraging and breeding habitat for UKBAP and LBAP priority species.

8.21 As a result of the proposed habitat creation measures on the site (tree planting and green/brownroofs) there will be a certain, direct, long-term positive residual effect on nesting birds, which will be of significance at the site level. These habitat enhancement opportunities will provide additional and better quality habitat for the local species. Site ecology will be dramatically enhanced over the original hospital site through the introduction of expansive green/brown roof areas, which will encourage the development of sensitive habitats under the guidance of the Ecologist. The ornamental planting will also contribute to this increase in biodiversity.


32 Brighton 3Ts

WIND ANALYSIS

8.22 The wind study analysis has reviewed the proposed development’s integration with the geography of the site to minimise the negative effects of the prevailing wind conditions. The study compared the wind environment within the site and its immediate surroundings of the baseline scenario with the wind environment likely to be generated as a result of the Proposed Development. An assessment of effects has been undertaken by quantifying the wind velocities for different wind conditions for each of these scenarios to test pedestrian safety and comfort.

Figure 8.2 Wind-rose at the Met station

Figure 8.1 Green and brown roof, planting and SUDS plan


33 Brighton 3Ts

8.23 The results of the pedestrian safety assessment for the ‘Proposed Scenario’ indicate that generally, the magnitude of change in the wind environment within and surrounding the site as compared to the ‘Baseline Scenario’ (the existing estate) is negligible. However, the assessment has identified localized zones of wind acceleration where the criteria for safety is exceeded and which would benefit from mitigation. These typically include narrow passageways and the corners of buildings where wind acceleration is likely. The images below show the outcomes of the wind modelling analysis.

Options to mitigate these negative effects include strategic planting, street furniture, wind screens and landscaping to add further density and obstruction to airflow in the pedestrian areas of the site and the surroundings where trees and shrubs can play a significant role absorbing winds to mitigate the effects locally.

Location of entrances has generally been planned away from the corners of buildings and the likely zones of acceleration. Where entrances have to be located in these areas, the addition of canopies or to recess entrances to help reduce the downwash effects (high wind speeds transferred down to ground level along

Figure 8.4 View of the proposed scenario

Figure 8.3 View of the baseline scenario


34 Brighton 3Ts

the façade) providing wind shelter to the pedestrian accessing the buildings have been incorporated. In addition, the introduction of extensive planting will seek to positively influence the wind profile for pedestrian comfort.

8.24 Roof gardens will be screened, primarily using perforated screens below the balastrade, to minimise wind flows and improve the local conditions for users. Further, planting strategies and the layout of the gardens have been designed such that seating areas are shielded using wind break structures and planting to maximise the comfort of users during periods of high wind velocity.

PUBLIC REALM

8.25 Improved area and quality of public space over the existing hospital will create a more attractive space for both hospital users and the general public. The development of roof gardens provides secluded outdoor space for all hospital users; staff, visitors and patients.

8.26 At ground level, new routes into the site have been created to provide for easy pedestrian accessibility and navigation around the site. Wayfinding will be developed such that finding the relevant location will be straightforward and easy to understand. The site is a hospital and as such the use of the site as a connection between neighbourhoods by car surrounding the site is not encouraged.

8.27 A high quality public realm will be provided affording safe, appropriately lit routes and safe pedestrian crossing points across roads, particularly with regard to access to public transport nodes.

8.28 In addition, the public realm at the front of the hospital on Eastern Road will incorporate enhanced footpaths and pedestrian facilities so that walking will be a more attractive proposition to staff and visitors. This will maintain a clear identity and encourage access to the hospital from the main building.

8.29 The frontage onto Eastern Road of the existing development consists of car park and therefore cannot reasonably be considered as active frontage. The proposed scheme brings the front of the building close to Eastern road. The façade at ground level will be glass and therefore pedestrians passing by the hospital are afforded views inside thus increasing the activeness of the frontage. Additionally, the ground floor will accommodate a café with seating available both inside the building and outside in the public realm between the hospital and Eastern Road. This approach will also contribute to increasing the active nature of the hospital frontage on Eastern Road.

8.30 The design team have worked with the architectural design advisor/crime prevention officer at Sussex Police in order to accommodate best practice in designing out crime from the development and incorporating ‘Secure by Design’ (SBD) standards.

8.31 Street lighting and security lighting will be specified for their photometric performance, with suitable distribution, efficiency and appropriate glare control, for effective illumination of a particular task or space whilst avoiding unnecessary lighting energy consumption and light pollution. These will both adhere to all the necessary lighting standards, as well as the SBD principles to maintain a safe external environment –particularly relevant for a 24-hour facility.

COMMUNITY IMPACT

8.32 The hospital is an important provider of jobs for the Brighton population. The increase in scale of operations will require greater numbers of staff of both highly skilled labour such as doctors and nurses alongside unskilled labour such as porters and cleaners to facilitate efficient operation of the hospital.


35 Brighton 3Ts

8.33 The high-tech teaching element of the hospital will also provide progressive research, training and education to maintain a highly skilled workforce and science based economy within the city, in collaboration with the University.

8.34 The contractor, using extensive previous experience on other construction projects, envisages that over 25% of the construction workforce will be drawn from the local area.

8.35 Both an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) have been completed and are included in support of this application. These documents detail the steps taken in order to minimise the impact of the development on the wider community, such as maintaining the site’s biodiversity during and after development, and minimising the impact of construction on the wider community in terms of noise and air pollution.

8.36 This will be achieved through a number of considerations, such as the provision of a construction consolidation centre, such that traffic can be managed accordingly in terms of both deliveries and site workers. In addition, site deliveries will be minimised due to the modular and prefabricated nature of construction, therefore lessening the environmental impact on the surrounding communities.

8.37 In addition, the primary contractor is compliant with the Considerate Constructors Scheme (CCS), and has committed to achieving a score of at least 36 out of the available 40 points across the criteria. CCS measures factors such as noise, pollution, and environmental consciousness during construction, to minimise impact on the existing community.

8.38 A comprehensive travel plan has been developed which includes increased levels of car parking have been provided for the development along with the development of a comprehensive travel plan which should reduce the pressure for parking by hospital visitors on surrounding streets therefore benefiting thelocal community.

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

8.39 The proposed scheme has been subject to extensive consultation with a broad range of stakeholders and has included dialogue with Brighton and Hove City Council (BHCC), local councillors, and the local community surrounding the development proposals. Most significant was a week long consultation exercise where the public, community groups and interest groups were invited to comment on the development proposals. The statement of Community involvement, submitted in support of this application details the full range of consultees involved in this process.

8.40 In line with BREEAM, the consultation process aimed to promote community involvement in the design of the development to ensure their needs, ideas and knowledge are taken into account to improve the quality and acceptability of the development. The Statement of Community Involvement, submitted in support of this application provides further details of how the scheme’s design has been influenced through stakeholder and community feedback.

COMMUNITY USE

8.41 The local community will also be involved with the hospital on an ongoing basis. The development includes meeting rooms and conference facilities. These facilities will be made available to local residents and community groups for hire, providing elements of the development as a community resource.


36 Brighton 3Ts

8.42 The development incorporates a large amenity roof garden which will be accessible to the local community. The neighbourhood surrounding the hospital has few areas of green space and therefore the creation of the roof garden will provide a community valuable resource.

8.43 On the ground floor of the building there will be a café which will open out onto Eastern road providing seating. This café will be available for the local community to use whilst contributing to increasing the level of active frontage of the new development.

8.44 Investigations have been undertaken as to whether the amenity roof garden on stage 2 could accommodate an allotment area to demonstrate the links between local food and health outcomes and to potentially involve the staff in the maintenance and operation of such a facility. Notwithstanding that such an approach affords excellent opportunities to link the food production and health agendas, there are a number of issues which make the inclusion of such a facility problematic. Primary amongst these are the infection control risks. As discussed in section 4 the use of irrigation distribution systems which afford the risk of generating aerated water vapour must be avoided. These water distribution systems include watering cans, hose pipes and sprinklers. As a result the irrigation system provided to the amenity roof garden is an under soil drip feed system. Such a system makes the provision of an allotment problematic. In addition, there are natural spores and viruses (for example tetanus) present in soil which can be released when soil is dug and turned over. Given that many of those individuals coming into contact with any potential allotment garden may have a compromised immune system, it is considered impractical to include an allotment within the development.

URBAN HEAT ISLAND

8.45 The proposed development incorporates 5,605m2 of green and brown roof, and additional soft landscaping, providing a significant contribution to the reduction of the UHI. As such the development affords an improved performance over the existing site in reducing UHI.

8.46 This significantly increases the areas of green space in this area of Brighton, where the site is located in an urban area and the present development has few areas of soft landscape. Increasing this area of planting will contribute to the dramatic reduction of the Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Theinstallation of extensive amenity roof gardens and green/brown roofs along side the integration of soft landscape in the new development will work beneficially to passively maintain normal temperatures from day to night.

8.47 In the small area where hard-landscaping is proposed for the development light coloured pavingsolutions will be used. Given the light colour, this material will absorb less solar radiation (and reflect an increased amount) than a tarmac surface. This approach will further contribute to ensuring the development reduces it contribution to the UHI.

8.48 The development exceeds the BHCC Sustainability checklist requirement for 25% green roofs or walls, where approximately 64% of the total roof area is given over to green roof, brown roof and roof amenity garden planting that will not only provide an improved amount usable space but also mitigate the UHI effect, provide significant rainwater attenuation, as well as provide increased biodiversity habitat andusable space. The green roof will cover the entire roof adjacent to the service yard, improving both air quality and biodiversity for the site. This green roof will be of an extensive type such that planting requires minimal maintenance. Planting on the roof amenity garden will require some, but not significant, maintenance.


37 Brighton 3Ts

9 Local Plan SU2

9.1 The development will comply with SU2 Efficiency of development in the use of Energy, Water and Materials, by reducing fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions, by using low carbon technologies, by reducing on-site water consumption and enabling rainwater harvesting where appropriate, and by low-impact building technologies to minimise embodied energy and waste. Compliance with these criteria is described in the text above; however a summary is given here, showing how each of the requirements istargeted:

MEASURES THAT SEEK TO REDUCE FUEL USE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

�..........modern methods of construction/prefabrication/DfMA to reduce resource waste, construction time, construction traffic

�..........high thermal efficiency of building fabric

�..........air-tightness

�..........high efficiency systems and appliances

�.......... low carbon technologies through 2no. gas-fired 1.5MW CCHP units

�..........a district heating network to reduce energy consumption of the majority of the existing estate

�..........maximising natural light for occupied rooms through orientation and internal arrangement

�..........utilising natural ventilation strategies where possible

�..........building orientation

�.......... intelligent lighting and ventilation systems

�..........well connected to public transport services

�..........extensive cycle infrastructure

�..........sophisticated BMS system

�..........operational analytics study

�..........An Energy Performance Certificate of -5

THE INCORPORATION / USE OR THE FACILITATION OF THE USE, OF RENEWABLEENERGY SOURCES

�.......... renewable energy generation using PV

�.......... the infrastructure and capacity to install further sizable photovoltaic arrays

MEASURES THAT SEEK TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMPTION

�.......... low flow-rate sanitary fittings

�.......... in-use water study


38 Brighton 3Ts

�..........design to reduce dead legs and water running to cold before hot water arrives

�..........BMS linked water meters and sub meters

MEASURES THAT ENABLE THE DEVELOPMENT TO USE GREY-WATER AND RAINWATER

�..........comprehensive rainwater and grey water feasibility studies

�.......... incorporation of rainwater harvesting for irrigation

THE USE OF MATERIALS AND METHODS TO MINIMISE THE OVERALL ENERGY AND / OR RAW MATERIAL INPUTS

�..........modern methods of construction/prefabrication/DfMA to reduce resource waste, construction time, construction traffic

�.......... responsible sourcing

�..........FSC accredited timber

�..........Green Guide A/A+ rated materials


39 Brighton 3Ts

10 Conclusion

10.1 The preceding document outlines the measures by which the planning application for Brighton 3Ts hospital development meets, and goes beyond, the aspirations of Brighton and Hove County Council’s planning policy.

10.2 Throughout the document, the planning policies and guidance documents have been referenced where appropriate. This Sustainability Statement provides justification that the development complies with the requirements of SU2 – Efficiency of development in the use of energy, water and materials and SPD08 – Sustainable Building Design, but the document also highlights where elements of SU4 - Surface water run-off and flood risk, SU13 – Minimisation and re-use of construction industry waste, SU14 – Waste Management, SU16 – Production of renewable energy, and SPD03: Construction and Demolition Waste are incorporated.

10.3 Furthermore, the development will seek to attain, as a minimum, a BREEAM ‘Excellent’ 2011 rating.

10.4 Appendix D to this document is a completed Sustainability Checklist. This confirms that all elements required by BHCC are addressed in the hospital’s design, adhering to the planning requirements for large developments. This document has also been submitted through the BHCC Planning Portal.

10.5 This Sustainability Statement provides comprehensive detail in support of the sustainable credentials of the 3Ts development. We believe, therefore, that planning consent should be granted.


Brighton 3Ts

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BREEAM�2011�New�Construction�Assessment�Report:�Rating�&�Key�Performance�Indicators�

Overall�Indicative�Building�Performance

Building�name Brighton�3Ts

Indicative�building�score�(%) 73.12%

Indicative�BREEAM�rating Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�potential�for�BREEAM�Excellent�rating

This�assessment�and�indicative�BREEAM�rating�is�not�a�formal�certified�BREEAM�assessment�or�rating�and�must�not�be�communicated�as�such.�The�score�presented�is�indicative�of�a�buildings�potential�performance�and�is�based�on�a�simplified�pre�formal�BREEAM�assessment�and�unverified�commitments�given�at�an�early�stage�in�the�design�process.

Indicative�minimum�standards�level�achieved Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Excellent�level

Summary�of�Indicative�Building�Performance�by�Environmental�Section�and�Assessment�Issue

ManagementIndicative�no.�

credits�availableIndicative�no.�

credits�Achieved

Indicative�contribution�to��

score Minimum�standards�level�achieved

Man01�Sustainable�Procurement 8.0 8.0 4.36% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Man02�Responsible�Construction�Practices 2.0 2.0 1.09% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Man03�Construction�Site�Impacts 5.0 5.0 2.73% N/A

Man04�Stakeholder�Participation 4.0 4.0 2.18% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Man05�Life�cycle�cost�and�service�life�planning 3.0 2.0 1.09% N/A

Total indicative environmental section performance 22 0 21 0 11 45%Total�indicative�environmental�section�performance 22.0 21.0 11.45%

Health�&�Wellbeing

Hea01�Visual�Comfort 6.0 2.0 1.58% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Hea02�Indoor�Air�Quality 6.0 3.0 2.37% N/A

Hea03�Thermal�Comfort 2.0 2.0 1.58% N/A

Hea04�Water�Quality 1.0 1.0 0.79% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Hea05�Acoustic�Performance 2.0 2.0 1.58% N/A

Hea06�Safety�and�Security 2.0 1.0 0.79% N/A

Total�indicative�environmental�section�performance 19.0 11.0 8.68%

Energy

Ene01�Reduction�of�CO2�Emissions 15.0 7.0 4.43% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Excellent�level

Ene02 Energy Monitoring 2 0 2 0 1 27% Pre�Assessment result indicates the minimum standards for Outstanding levelEne02�Energy�Monitoring 2.0 2.0 1.27% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Ene03�External�Lighting 1.0 1.0 0.63% N/A

Ene04�Low�and�Zero�Carbon�Technology 5.0 4.0 2.53% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Ene05�Energy�Efficient�Cold�Storage 2.0 1.0 0.63% N/A

Ene06�Energy�Efficient�Transportation�Systems 2.0 2.0 1.27% N/A

Ene07�Energy�Efficient�Laboratory�Systems 1.0 1.0 0.63% N/A

Ene08�Energy�Efficient�Equipment 2.0 0.0 0.00% N/A

Ene09�Drying�Space N/A N/A N/A N/A


Transport

Tra01�Public�Transport�Accessibility� 5.0 4.0 3.20% N/A

Tra02�Proximity�to�Amenities 1.0 1.0 0.80% N/ATra0 Proximity to Amenities .0 .0 0.80% /

Tra03�Cyclist�facilities 2.0 2.0 1.60% N/A

Tra04�Maximum�Car�Parking�Capacity 1.0 1.0 0.80% N/A

Tra05�Travel�Plan 1.0 1.0 0.80% N/A


Water

Wat01�Water�Consumption 5.0 2.0 200.00% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Wat02�Water�Monitoring 1.0 1.0 0.67% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Wat03�Water�Leak�Detection�and�Prevention 2.0 2.0 1.33% N/A

Wat04�Water�Efficient�Equipment 1.0 1.0 0.67% N/A


Materials

Mat01�Life�Cycle�Impacts 6.0 3.0 2.88% N/A

Mat02�Hard�Landscaping�and�Boundary�Protection 1.0 1.0 0.96% N/A

Mat03�Responsible�Sourcing 3.0 1.0 0.96% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Mat04�Insulation 2.0 2.0 1.92% N/A

Mat05�Designing�for�Robustness 1.0 1.0 0.96% N/A


Waste

Wst01�Construction�Waste�Management 4.0 3.0 3.75% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Wst02�Recycled�Aggregates 1.0 0.0 0.00% N/A

Wst03�Operational�Waste 1.0 1.0 0.96% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

Wst04�Speculative�Floor�and�Ceiling�Finishes N/A N/A N/A N/A


Land�Use�and�Ecology

LE01�Site�Selection 2.0 1.0 1.00% N/A

LE02�Ecological�Value�of�Site�and�Protection�of�Ecological�Features 1.0 1.0 1.00% N/A

LE03�Mitigating�Ecological�Impact 2.0 2.0 2.00% Pre�Assessment�result�indicates�the�minimum�standards�for�Outstanding�level

LE04�Enhancing�Site�Ecology 3.0 2.0 2.00% N/A

LE05�Long�Term�Impact�on�Biodiversity 2.0 2.0 2.00% N/A


Pollution

Pol01�Impact�of�Refrigerants 3.0 1.0 0.77% N/A

Pol02�NOx�Emissions 3.0 2.0 1.54% N/A

Pol03�Surface�Water�Run�off 5.0 5.0 3.85% N/A

Pol04�Reduction�of�Night�Time�Light�Pollution 1.0 1.0 0.77% N/A

Pol05�Noise�Attenuation 1.0 1.0 0.77% N/A


Innovation

Inn01�Innovation 10.0 2.0 2.00% N/A


BREEAM�2011�Pre�Assessment�Estimator ©�BRE�Global�Ltd�29/11/2011 Section�3��Page�53

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Brighton 3Ts

Appendix B Rainwater harvesting & Greywaterfeasibility study

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report presents the initial findings of an investigation into the potential for incorporating rainwater harvesting and/or grey water recycling into the 3Ts development. Captured rainwater/recycled grey water could be used for a number of non potable uses but the main areas of use are WC flushing and irrigation.

The report shows that rainwater could be harvested to provide 40% of the WC flushing requirements for the wards on phase 1 levels 8, 9 and 10. Using rainwater for irrigation is problematic as generally when the water is required for irrigation there is no rainwater available; storing rainwater for long periods is not advisable.

Grey water could be collected from the showers and wash hand basins in the wards on phase 1 levels 8, 9 and 10. This water, depending upon the treatment system employed, would total approximately 2.5 million litres/annum and could meet all of the WC flushing demand for these areas. There would also be a surplus of water which could be used for other uses such as irrigation.

Initial investigations point to the fact that, suitable treated rainwater/grey water can safely be used for some non potable uses within a hospital environment. However, more robust analysis involving clinicians should be undertaken.

Next Steps:

�.......... Fully understand any potential for negative health implications of using grey water/rainwater in the hospital environment

�.......... Specify appropriate rainwater/grey water treatment systems

�.......... Cost the treatment and distribution systems

�.......... Understand whole life costs/savings of any approach

�.......... Investigate the opportunities for collecting rainwater from the existing estate on a temporary basis to be used for dust suppression, wheel washing, etc during the construction phase.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 This report investigates the opportunities for the incorporation of rainwater and grey water recycling systems within the 3Ts development. For each approach a number of issues are discussed:

�.......... Use of captured water

�.......... Capture, storage and treatment

�.......... Potential water savings

�.......... Viability

1.2 In addition, the analysis has been undertaken in the context of a healthcare building. The health of the occupants is of paramount importance and this has implications for how water may be captured, stored, treated and ultimately used. It must be noted that there is no specific NHS guidance preventing the use of rainwater or grey water harvesting systems within healthcare environments. Nonetheless, a full understanding of any risks associated with such solutions must be fully understood and the agreement of clinicians achieved.

1.3 There are a number of examples of the use of rainwater and grey water schemes in healthcare buildings. For example, the Lancashire Care Mental Health Unit at Whyndyke Farm in Blackpool (currently at stage D design) includes rainwater harvesting for WC flushing, irrigation and window cleaning. This solution employs one WC in each ward which is mains fed. In this way staff can locate any patients in this room who have a tendency to drink water from the WC. Given the patients at 3T’s it is unlikely there would be this requirement.

1.4 In calculating the potential for rainwater harvesting and grey water recycling a starting point has been adopted where water using fittings (taps, WCs, showers, etc) are achieving best practice in water conservation. A principle of reducing water demand in the first instance has therefore been employed.

1.5 In order to complete this exercise some further assumptions have been made. The use of the recycled water (either rainwater or grey water) will be primarily confined to WC flushing in the wards on levels 8, 9 and 10 of phase 1. This is as these areas have a WC demand and that the bathroom areas are vertically stacked and therefore afford efficiencies in water distribution. The collection of grey water to be recycled has been confined to the showers, baths and wash hand basins in the wards on levels 8, 9 and 10 again for distribution efficiency.

2.0 RAINWATER HARVESTING

2.1 At present almost all water used in buildings is potable (mains) water; water which has been treated to drinking water standard. This treatment and pumping uses energy and therefore has a carbon footprint. However, much of the water used in buildings has no need to achieve such high water quality standards; water for flushing WCs, washing windows and irrigation for example does not necessarily need to be of drinking water standard.

2.2 It is possible to collect rainwater from the building and associated surfaces and use this water for those uses where potable standards are not necessarily required. In using this approach a volume of potable water can be saved thus reducing potable water consumption and thus carbon emissions. Additionally, rainwater harvesting has the potential to deliver cost savings against potable water costs.

USE OF CAPTURED RAINWATER

2.3 Given the site, there are a number of uses to which collected rainwater could be put:

�.......... WC flushing

�.......... Irrigation of soft planting (including relevant green roofs)

�.......... Window washing

�.......... Vehicle washing

�.......... Service yard wash down

2.4 As this is a health building consideration should be given to the process of using rainwater in each of these contexts. Aerated water, in the form of spray, has potential health implications and thus systems should be employed to reduce spray. For example, irrigation drip systems should be employed rather than a sprinkler system. In addition, the use of harvested rainwater for WC flushing requires careful consideration.

RAINWATER CAPTURE, STORAGE AND TREATMENT

2.5 Given the site, roof areas are the most likely for rainwater capture. The size of non-roof areas are small and it would not be effective to introduce rainwater collection systems over such small areas.

2.6 Green roof areas can be used to capture water but given the potential for debris to be collected with the water (leaves, moss, soil, etc) and that most of any rainwater would be taken up by the plants on the green roof it is likely that these surfaces would be excluded from any rainwater harvesting approach.

2.7 Rainwater would be collected from suitable roof areas and conveyed to a suitably sized underground storage tank. The storage tank would incorporate an overflow to allow the excess water to be directed to the external surface water drainage when the tank is full.

2.8 The size of the tank would be relative to the volume of water which could be effectively captured and used and the space available to contain the tank.

2.9 From the storage tank water could then be pumped to a header tank to be used appropriately. During times of little of low rainfall, the rainwater tank would be replenished with mains water from an automatic mains water top up facility provided by the onsite cold water distribution mains.

2.10 Meters would be provided on both supplies to the rainwater tank which would allow monitoring of the installation and would provide the facility to determine the proportion of rainwater and mains water used.

2.11 The quality of rainwater in general is not a major concern in terms of risk to health but should be considered with any proposed system. This is particularly relevant given the health uses of the building. Rainwater from roofs will generally be clean but will require some level of treatment before water is reused. There are three levels of treatment to consider: filtration, biological treatment and disinfection.

2.12 Filtration is required prior to water entering the collection tank. This will remove most of the larger debris such as leaves, grit, moss and soil from entering the system and direct this into the on-site surface water system. Additional filtration such as floating filters on the suction lines to the booster pumps will ensure that any fine particles which pass through the initial filtration process do not get transferred into the distribution pipe work.

2.13 Biological treatment may be necessary where run-off is collected from ground based catchments such as car parks, pavements etc where rainwater is likely to be highly contaminated from hydrocarbons, organic compounds, nitrates etc. As rainwater from these spaces is not being considered in the rainwater harvesting process this treatment will not be considered necessary on this project.

2.14 Although the filtering process will generally provide a water quality which is suitable for direct use, such as WC flushing, the option to provide a final disinfection process to kill off any microbiological activity is advisable, particularly as the building is a health facility. For this purpose, ultra-violet disinfection is used.

2.15 The proportion of micro-organisms destroyed by UV treatment depends upon the dosage applied. Using a dosage of 500J/m2 , 99.999% of Legionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerigunosa, Infectus hepatitis and Bacilus tuberculi are destroyed. Achieving a verifiable 100% rate of destruction is impossible as small residual traces are difficult to measure.

2.16 Although this treatment process seems to afford very low risk the water will be used in a health facility where some patients may be more susceptible to infection. It is recommended therefore that discussions with health professionals are undertaken to ensure the option presents no risk.

2.17 One final process which can also be considered is that of water colour. Although some end users are satisfied to see a slight discolour in water, some users may have a completely different view. Activated carbon filters installed on the discharge line from the booster set could provide final polishing as a means to eradicate such dilemmas thereby producing clear water which is likely to be acceptable by the end users. Alternatively the option of dyeing the water could be investigated.

POTENTIAL WATER SAVINGS

With an estimated annual rainfall of 700mm per annum and an available roof area of approximately 2,200m2 of hard surfaces (excluding green roofs) the volume of water potentially available for rainwater capture is 1,380m3/annum. This volume of water could be used:

�.......... To provide 276,500 WC flushes/annum (based upon a 6/4 litre cistern and an average flush of 5 litres). This represents approximately 40% of total WC flushing requirements of the phase 1 wards (levels 8, 9 and 10).

2.18 With regard to green roofs and soft planting areas the volume of water required for irrigation will depend upon the species planted and the amount of rainfall in any given year. The planting strategies should be developed such that native, local plants are favoured which have evolved to survive with the naturally available rainfall. However, as many of these areas are amenity spaces it may be that watering is required during periods of low rainfall. However, during periods of low rainfall there will be low availability of collected rainwater for irrigation. It is not recommended to store rainwater for long periods. For these reasons it is unlikely that rainwater harvesting can provide for all the irrigation requirements.

VIABILITY

2.19 The commercial viability for the introduction of any rainwater harvesting systems revolves around the relationship between the capital cost for the provision of the system, the operational costs of the system (both energy/carbon and maintenance) and the water, and thus cost/carbon, savings achieved as a result. The timescale over which these relationships are calculated is important – in general the longer the timeframe the more viable the systems become.

2.20 Given the volume of rainwater which could be captured it is unlikely that the water could be used for more than one purpose. It is likely that the most appropriate uses for the rainwater would be either irrigation of the soft landscape/green roofs or for WC flushing.

WC FLUSHING

2.21 As discussed, the available rainwater could be used to provide approximately 40% of WC flushing requirements for the wards on levels 8, 9 and 10.

2.22 In order to use rainwater for this purpose would require the incorporation three elements in addition to that which would be provided under a traditional system:

�.......... A rainwater collection tank of 58m3

�.......... Rainwater treatment plant and pumping equipment

�.......... An additional pipe work system to supply treated rainwater to the appropriate WC’s

2.23 The storage tank would have a space requirement but it is possible that this could be offset by the reduced storage requirements for mains water as a consequence of lower mains water demand for WC flushing. Thus the total water storage space requirement could be similar to that which would be required without the rainwater harvesting option.

2.24 The additional costs of this element of the system would revolve around the rainwater storage facility. However, this cost could partially be offset against the savings associated with the reduction of the costs for the mains water storage tank. There would be a space requirement for rainwater treatment equipment (filtration and UV) which would likely be additional to areas currently planned.

2.25 With regard to the pipe system required to supply treated rainwater to WC’s it is likely this could be incorporated within the existing riser and pipe networks and there would therefore be no impact upon area requirement. There would however, be a cost associated with the pipes and pumps.

SOFT PLANTING/GREEN ROOF IRRIGATION

2.26 As discussed there is the opportunity to capture a large quantity of rainwater to use for irrigation. However, as the planting strategies are yet to be resolved, at this stage it is difficult to ascertain the proportion of irrigation which could be supplied by a rainwater harvesting system.

2.27 The mechanism for capturing, storing and treating of the rainwater would be similar to that for WC flushing.

2.28 Costs would differ with regard to infrastructure required to distribute the water to the green roof areas. The mechanism for irrigating these areas would likely be a drip feed system to avoid any potential negative health implications of infection through aerosol created by water spray.

3.0 GREY WATER RECYCLING

3.1 In common with collecting rainwater, it is possible to collect grey water from the building and use this water for those uses where potable standards are not necessarily required. In using this approach a volume of potable water can be saved thus reducing potable water consumption and thus potable water costs and potentially carbon emissions.

3.2 Grey water is previously potable water which has been used in the building for uses such as hand washing and showers. The collection of water used in kitchen sinks and washing machines is rarely collected in grey water systems due to the high level of contaminants which makes treatment both complex and expensive. This grey water can be collected and treated and used on site for non potable uses. Therefore, grey water can be conceived as a volume of water being used twice – once as potable water and once as non potable water.

USE OF CAPTURED GREY WATER

3.3 Grey water can be used in the same way as rainwater (see section 2.1) although more treatment is required before the water can be used.

GREY WATER CAPTURE, STORAGE AND TREATMENT

3.4 Grey water would be collected predominantly from patient en-suite bathrooms and conveyed through a separate drainage system to the grey water treatment plant located at basement level.

3.5 The treatment process will comprise four basic steps; pre-treatment, aerobic treatment, ultra-filtration and storage. The first stage requires a collection/settlement tank. This tank provides pre-treatment by allowing large solids to be removed. It also allows excess flows to be diverted to the on-site foul drainage system thereby preventing the treatment plant from being overloaded. The tank itself will be sized so that its contents are stored for no longer than 24 hours.

3.6 The second stage provides aerobic treatment allowing bio-degradable substances to be degraded by living bacteria. The third stage provides a membrane bioreactor which provides ultra-filtration by blocking suspended solids, bacteria and viruses from passing through thousands of membrane fibres resulting in an exceptionally high water quality.

3.7 The final stage involves the collection and on-ward distribution of the treated water. Prior to being distributed, the water will pass through a further treatment process using either ultraviolet light and/or chlorine. Chlorine being chosen to ensure the distribution system retains a residual disinfectant up to the point of use.

3.3 POTENTIAL WATER SAVINGS

3.8 In order to calculate the volume of grey water available, a number of assumptions have been made:

�.......... 100% ward occupancy

�.......... Each patient showers once every 2 days

�.......... Shower duration of 5 minutes at a flow rate of 9 litres/minute

�.......... Patient uses WC 3 times a day

�.......... Assume patient uses hand basin for 20 seconds 3 times a day

�.......... Clinical wash hand basins used 5 times a day for 15 seconds

�.......... Visitors use WC 3 times a day (1 visitor during the day, two visitors in the evening)

�.......... Cleaners flush WC once a day

3.9 On this basis the hand basins, baths and showers from the wards is estimated to provide approximately 2,975m3/annum (2,975,000 litres). This volume of water could be used:

�.......... To provide 595,023 WC flushes/annum (based upon a 6/4 litre cistern and assumed average 5 litres per flush). This represents more than the WC flushing demands of the wards. This would leave a surplus 108m3 equivalent to 21,600 flushes/annum

�.......... This surplus could be used for irrigation and window washing with the potential for using this water into other areas for WC flushing

�.......... Alternatively the areas from which the water is collected could be reduced to match the demand.

�.......... Conversely, the number of WC’s included in the grey water system could be increased to match supply.

VIABILITY

3.10 The commercial viability for the introduction of any grey water recycling system revolves around the relationship between the capital cost for the provision of the system, the operational costs of the system (both energy/carbon and maintenance) and the water, (and thus cost/carbon) savings achieved as a result. The timescale over which these relationships are calculated is important – in general the longer the timeframe the more viable the systems become.

3.11 Given the volume of grey water which could be captured it is possible that grey water could displace a very high volume of potable water and could be used for a number of purposes.

WC FLUSHING

3.12 As discussed, the available grey water could be used to provide approximately more than 100% of WC flushing requirements of phase 1 wards on levels 8, 9 and 10. Due to the repetitive nature of the ward floors it is possible that this solution could be most effectively delivered in this environment.

3.13 In order to use grey water for this purpose would require the incorporation of three elements in addition to those provided under a traditional system:

�.......... A grey water storage tank

�.......... Grey water treatment plant and pumping equipment

�.......... An additional pipe network to collect grey water

�.......... An additional pipe network to supply treated grey water to the appropriate WC’s

3.14 The storage tank would have space requirements but it is possible that this space requirement could be offset by the reduced storage requirements for mains water as a consequence of lower mains water demand for WC flushing. Thus the total water storage space requirement could be similar to that which would be required without the grey water harvesting option.

3.15 The additional costs of this element of the system would revolve around the grey water treatment facility. However, this cost could partially be offset against the savings associated with the reduction of the costs for the mains water storage tank. There would be a space requirement for grey water treatment equipment which would likely be additional to areas currently planned.

3.16 With regard to the pipe systems required to supply treated rainwater to WC’s it is likely these could be incorporated within the existing riser and pipe networks and there would therefore be no impact upon area requirement. There would be a cost associated with the extra pipe work.

SOFT PLANTING/GREEN ROOF IRRIGATION

3.17 As discussed in 2.4.2 it is difficult to ascertain the volume of irrigation water required.

3.18 The mechanism for capturing, storing and treating of the grey water would be similar to that for WC flushing.

3.19 Costs would only differ with regard to infrastructure required to distribute the water to the green roof areas. The mechanism for irrigating these areas would likely be a drip feed system to avoid any potential negative health implications of transmission through water spray.


Brighton 3Ts

Appendix C Brighton & Hove City Council Sustainability Checklist

Reference no: SC11/00005

Applicant’s name Building Design Partnership

Agent’s name Philip Gray

Applicant/Agent email [email protected]

Full address of development Brighton 3Ts HospitalEastern RoadBrightonBN2 5BE

Size of Project

Small Medium Major

Type of Project

New Build Conversion

Small (residential 1-2 units; retail < 150sqm; other < 235sqm)

Medium (residential 3-9 units; retail 151-999sqm; other 236-999sqm)

Major (residential 10+; other 1,000sqm or site 0.5ha+)

Page 1 of 21

Is the development residential or non-residential?

Residential Non-Residential Both

Gross residential internal floorspace of the development: sqm

What is the energy performance of the non-residential units?

Use (please specify) Hospital (Use 2) (Use 3)

EPC rating 32

TER 34.4 KgCO2/m2

Additional comments

Will post-occupancy evaluation of energy performance of the development be undertaken?

Yes No

Page 2 of 21



The non-residential element of the development will involve the use of:

Locally sourced materials

Timber certified from sustainable sources

Re-use/Recycled material

Natural materials

Other, please specify

Page 3 of 21

Have Passive Design measures been incorporated into the design proposals?

Yes No

Orientation & Layout

The most inhabited rooms are placed on the southern side of the building (e.g. in homes: kitchen;living room; study)

The rooms with low heating and lighting demand are placed on the north side of the building(s)

Glazing/daylight & thermal mass

The majority of windows face south or within +/- 30 degrees of north-south axis

All rooms have natural light

Exposed thermal mass is present on internal walls/floors or ceilings

External shading is present on the:

Southerly face

Westerly face

Easterly face

Ventilation measures include:

Cross ventilation across the building

Stack ventilation, wind cowls or wind vanes

Other Passive Design measures, please specify:

Page 4 of 21

Does the development include green walls?

Yes No

Does the development include green roofs?

Yes No

What is the total roof area covered? 5217 sqm

What kind of green roof is proposed?

Chalk grassland Sedum Vegetated shingle (brown roof)

andscaped, sedum and vegetated roofs are present

How many trees will be added to the development site? 135

Page 5 of 21

Does the development include proposals to:

Incorporate rainwater butts

Incorporate rainwater harvesting system

Incorporate grey water recycling system

Carry out feasibility study for rainwater harvesting and/or grey water recycling

None of the above

What will the water will be used for?

Garden irrigation

Toilet flushing


Page 6 of 21



What is the BREEAM rating(s) sought for the non-residential elements of the development?

'Excellent’ including 70% in water and energy sections * please select BREEAMtype *

'Excellent’ including 60% in water and energy sections Healthcare

‘Very Good’ including 50% in water and energy sections * please select BREEAMtype *

Other, please specify:

Is the standard sought as per minimum recommended in SPD08?

Higher than recommended

As recommended

Below recommended, please justify:

Page 7 of 21

Are any low and zero carbon (LZC) technologies proposed?

Yes No

System Estimated systemcapacity

Solar hot water (kWh/yr)

Air source heat pumps (kW)

Ground source heat pump (kW)

Biomass or biodiesel boiler (kW)

Biodiesel CHP (kW)

Biomass CHP (kW)

Efficient gas boiler (kW)

Gas Micro CHP (kW)

Gas CHP (kW) 3000

Solar photovoltaics (kWp) 39 Array area sqm 290

Wind turbine(s) (kW)


Is the onsite heating provided through a communal system?

Yes No

Does the installed technology supply heat to development off-site?

Yes No

please describe: A proportion of heat is exported to the existing BSUHTsite

Page 8 of 21

Is the development site in an area of high flood risk?

Yes it is in Flood Zone 2 or 3

No, it is in Flood Zone 1

Will a site-specific flood risk assessment be submitted as part of the application?

Yes

No, the development is in Flood Zone 1 and smaller than 1ha

No, please explain:

What measures have been incorporated into the layout or design of the development tominimise the risks associated with flooding?

Sequential approach applied to locate most vulnerable uses in parts of the site with lowestflooding probability

Sustainable drainage systems incorporated into the development

Sustainable drainage systems incorporated beyond development area. Please specify:

Internal flood resilience measures incorporated into the development

Safe dry access route out of flood risk area

Flood defences will be constructed or existing defences improved

Multi-purpose open space will be provided for amenity, wildlife, and flood storage uses

Flood warning and evacuation plan for the development

Built footprint of the site including hard surfaces will not be increased

Page 9 of 21

Is there provision for food growing included on the development site?

Yes No

Raised beds

Roof garden

Dedicated area on ground level

Fruit trees

Nut trees


Page 10 of 21

Is open space created and/or lost as a result of the development?

Yes No

please provide details below

Sqm lost Sqm created

Outdoor sport 0 0

Children’s equipped playspace 0 0

Children’s informal playspace 0 0

Allotments/community food growing 0 0

Natural semi natural 0 388

(Public) Amenity greenspace 0 5217

Parks and public gardens 0 0

Residential garden 0 0

Other, please specify:

If open space is lost, what mitigation measures are proposed?

Better public access to remaining open space

Provision of an alternative site

Significant enhancements to remaining open space


In the case of MAJOR developments, is the open space created sufficient to meet local policyrequirements? (see Supporting info for calculator)

Yes

No

Page 11 of 21

Is provision of on-site outdoor spaces designed into the development?

Yes No

Does the design of these spaces include:

Natural features (planting)

Comfortable seating for elderly people

Paving that is aesthetically pleasing

High quality, durable materials

Public square(s)

Public toilets


Are the routes within and/or through the site:

Well lit with low energy lighting

Accessible by wheelchair users

Well signed

Will the outdoor space provided be useable by :

Occupiers/Residents only

General public

Community groups and/or educational organisations

Membership

Other, please specify Outdoor space accessible to patients, visitors and staff.

Page 12 of 21

Does the Biodiversity Checklist indicate that a Biodiversity Report is required?

Yes No

Does the development avoid damage to biodiversity?

Yes

No, but mitigation is provided.

No, and no mitigation is provided.

How will the development affect biodiversity?

Habitat(s) created Habitat(s) lost

Open water (ponds, small lakes) (sqm) 0 0

Chalk/flower rich grassland (sqm) 0 0

Woodland (sqm) 0 0

Vegetated shingle (sqm) 388 0

Bird boxes (number of boxes) 0 0

Bat boxes (number of boxes) 0 0

Other, specify type and area Green roof/roofgarden (sqm)

5217 0

Page 13 of 21

Does the development involve more than 5 residential units?

Yes No

Page 14 of 21

Are the areas around the development designed in such a way that pedestrians and the mobilityimpaired have good, safe and direct access between the development and local schools,employment, shops, GP surgeries and leisure facilities?

Yes No

At least to the council’s current standards, pedestrians are provided with:

Appropriate links across the site

Adequate footway widths for pedestrian flows

Crossings raised and on desire lines (where applicable)

Dropped kerbs on desire lines

Ramps (to Department for Transport Inclusive Mobility guidance)

Steps and handrails (to Department for Transport Inclusive Mobility guidance)

Seating (where applicable)

Routes that feel safe (adequate lighting / passive surveillance)

Unobstructed routes

Development based on pedestrian priority

Page 15 of 21

Are the areas around the development designed in such a way that cyclists have good, safeand direct access to and from the development?

Yes No

At least to the council’s current standards, the design of the development:

Encourages cycling without the need for dedicated cycling infrastructure

Ensures that all vehicle infrastructure is in accordance with Manual for Streets guidance

Provides adequate mobility scooter friendly design (including appropriate footway widths)

Minimises signing and lining

Provides street furniture in line with guidance

Ensures all movement infrastructure is maintainable.

Please specify measures: All highway infrastructure andfacilities from BHCC preferredmaterials list.

None of the above

Are any aspects of design considered dangerous enough to warrant guard railing?

Yes

No

explain how the design will be revisited and danger designed out:

Guard railings exist around edge of amenity roof garden

Page 16 of 21

Will the development provide for the following forms of parking to current standards?

Construction vehicles (while development takes place)

Cycle parking

Disabled parking

Car Club

Car Parking

Garaging

Motorcycle parking

Visitor Parking

Electric Vehicle Parking and Charging/Generation

Servicing

Delivery

Mobility Scooters

Buggies/Pushchair/Pram

Children’s Scooters

Have discussions taken place with the council’s Travel Planning team regarding writing andimplementing a Travel Plan for the development?

YesNo, but advice will be sought from the council’s Travel Planning team (see Supporting Info forcontact details)

Page 17 of 21

Will a Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) be submitted with the application?

Yes, SWMP will be submitted as part of planning applicationNo, development is below £300k threshold, so Site Waste Minimisation Statement will be submittedinsteadOther, please provide details

Will facilities be provided to encourage occupants/users of the building to recycle and compost?

Units will be designed with space for storage of recyclable materials

Units will be designed with space for separate storage of food waste for collection

Onsite composting facilities will be provided (either communal or individual)

Page 18 of 21

Does the development include non-residential use?

Yes No

What types of business can the development accommodate?

Food and drink (manufacturing and distribution)

Printing

Financial services

Computing and related services

Creative industries

Retail

Health

Environmental industries

Hotel

Other

What type of business space is being created?

Incubator units for start up business

Speculative space for expanding business

Meet the needs of specific occupier or inward investment opportunity

Page 19 of 21

Does the development include non-residential use?

Yes No

Will labour be engaged through the Local Employment Scheme during construction?

Yes, 25% or more local labour or subcontractors

Yes, 20% local labour or subcontractors

Yes, 15% or less local labour or subcontractors

No

Page 20 of 21

Thank you for completing the Brighton & Hove Sustainability Checklist.

To submit this checklist as part of a planning application and/or to keep a record of the informationentered for your records please click on ‘Generate PDF’ below.

To submit your checklist as part of a planning application please attach the PDF to your onlinesubmission or the printed PDF to your non-electronic submission.

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