overview of recent geologic field ......marwan wartes (dggs)—clastic sedimentology, basin...
TRANSCRIPT
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PIR 2008-1A 1
INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, the Alaska Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has pursued a leadership role in advanc-
ing the understanding of North Slope geology and petroleum systems, primarily through stratigraphic studies and geologic mapping in the foothills of the northern Brooks Range (fi g. 1). The North Slope Energy Program was developed in response to the need for high quality, publicly available geologic data to stimulate exploration for hydrocarbons in northern Alaska. Directed by the Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), this program is a multi-agency collaboration with geologists and geophysicists from the Division of Oil & Gas (DOG), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), among others.
In addition to original geological studies, we also led an annual two-day fi eld trip aimed at highlighting key exposures that provide insight into the geologic evolution of the North Slope petroleum system. In 2007, this tour took place on June 29 and 30 and was attended by 21 geologists from seven oil and gas companies, in addition to geologists and directors from DGGS, DOG, and USGS. The summary presentation provided to attendees is included here as Appendix A-1.
This volume of collected papers is intended to offer timely summaries of recent data and interpretations (fi g. 1 shows location of each study area). Some of the topics covered in papers in this volume include data acquired prior to the 2007 season. All of these reports are based in part on preliminary fi eld evidence; fi nal interpretations await additional analytical data, particularly biostratigraphic information.
PROJECT STAFFIn order to achieve our program objectives, we annually assemble a team with a cross-section of expertise suf-
fi cient to address topics relevant to understanding of the petroleum system in northern Alaska. During 2007, the following geologists participated in various aspects of fi eld and/or analytical work, some of which are presented in various papers included in this volume:
Marwan Wartes (DGGS)—Clastic sedimentology, basin analysis, and tectonicsPaul Decker (DOG)—Stratigraphy, structural geology, and petroleum geologyDavid LePain (DGGS)—Clastic sedimentology and sequence stratigraphyRobert Gillis (DGGS)—Structural geology and thermochronologyRocky Reifenstuhl (DGGS)—Reservoir quality and geologic mappingRobert Swenson (DGGS)—Structural geology and petroleum geologyWes Wallace (UAF)—Structural geology, tectonics, and geologic mappingC. Gil Mull (Consultant)—Regional geologyPaige (Peapples) Delaney (DGGS)—Structural geology and geologic mappingAndrea Loveland (DGGS)—Structural geology and geologic mappingKen Helmold (DOG)—Reservoir quality and basin modelingDiane Shellenbaum (DOG)—Seismic stratigraphy and data processingPeter Flaig (UAF, Ph.D student)—sedimentology and stratigraphyDolores van der Kolk (DGGS/UAF, MS student)—sedimentology and stratigraphyJacob Mongrain (DGGS/UAF, Ph.D student)—sedimentology and stratigraphy
In addition, we also benefi tted from informal collaboration with several USGS geologists engaged in petro-leum-related geological research in northern Alaska, including David Houseknecht, Tom Moore, Chris Schenk, and Chris Potter.
1Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 3354 College Rd., Fairbanks, Alaska 99709-3707Email for Marwan A. Wartes: [email protected]
2Alaska Division of Oil & Gas, 550 W. 7th Ave., Suite 800, Anchorage, Alaska 99501-3560
OVERVIEW OF RECENT GEOLOGIC FIELD INVESTIGATIONS, NORTH SLOPE AND BROOKS RANGE FOOTHILLS, ALASKA
byMarwan A. Wartes1 and Paul L. Decker2
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2 PIR 2008-1A Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range foothils & North Slope, Alaska
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Overview of recent geologic fi eld investigations, North Slope and Brooks Range foothills, Alaska 3
SUMMARY OF 2007 FIELD PROGRAMIn 2007, our team was based out of a temporary camp near Galbraith Lake from June 15 through July 10 (Sheet
A-1). The majority of our work was helicopter supported and ranged from daily fl ights to multi-day spike camps that were deployed to remote locations. Sheet A-1 illustrates the coverage of our ~700 different fi eld stations. In addition to sedimentologic and structural observations, an extensive selection of samples were collected, most of which require contracted analytical work. The results of these analyses were not yet available for inclusion in this volume, although subsequent publications will incorporate these data. Samples were collected for the following purposes:
• Lithology (representative) • Thin sections • Porosity and permeability • RockEval and total organic carbon • Vitrinite refl ectance • Hydrocarbon extract and biomarker typing • Megafossil paleontology • Microfossil paleontology (foraminifera and palynology) • Whole-rock geochemistry • Geochronology (tuff and bentonite) • Apatite fi ssion track thermochronology • Detrital zircon geochronology
The following summary of our 2007 fi eld work is intended to be a brief review; more detailed data and inter-pretations either appear within the papers in this volume, or will be expanded upon in future reports. The focus for our 2007 fi eld studies can be geographically subdivided into a northern and southern belt (Sheet A-1) and are discussed below accordingly.
Northern Belt (Cretaceous strata of the south-central Sagavanirktok Quadrangle)Previous reconnaissance work and stratigraphic studies by DGGS have documented a number of important
exposures of Cretaceous strata between the Toolik and Echooka rivers (Sheet A-1). These outcrops expose sev-eral Brookian depositional sequences in a compact area and provide valuable insight into the time-transgressive northeastward progradation of genetically related shelf, slope, and deepwater facies. Through increased col-laboration with DOG geologists, we have begun integrating detailed outcrop observations with available well and two-dimensional (2-D) seismic data, greatly increasing the robustness of our stratigraphic correlations and regional geologic models.
• Preliminary Sagavanirktok River Area Geologic Mapping—We have received state and federal funding to conduct a STATEMAP project in 2008 in the south-central Sagavanirktok Quadrangle (Sheet A-1). In preparation for this detailed (1:63,360-scale) mapping effort, we conducted reconnaissance work during the 2007 season. The area contains a number of large east–west-trending folds with uncertain gas prospectivity, but has never been mapped in detail (see Mull [1989] for 1:250,000-scale “strip maps” along the Dalton Highway). Our preliminary work helped identify geologically reasonable map borders and highlighted stratigraphic nomenclature issues. In particular, the stratigraphy of this map area is transitional between the Umiat area, where the formation designations largely focus on proximal units, and the Canning River area, which includes correlative distal units, but with differing stratigraphic nomenclature (Molenaar and others, 1986; Mull and others, 2003).
• Gilead sandstone (Torok Formation)—Tertiary uplift of the northeastern Brooks Range has locally exposed the lower parts of the Brookian Sequence along the Phillip Smith mountain front (Pessel and others, 1990). These rocks include the Albian–Cenomanian Gilead sandstone (informal name), which provides unique insight into the early evolution of the basin that is largely concealed in the subsurface to the west (Reifenstuhl, 1991). To improve our understanding of the stratigraphy and structure of this area, a number of traverses were conducted during the 2007 fi eld season along the Ivishak River, Gilead Creek, and across Gilead syncline (Sheet A-1). Our preliminary interpretations, summarized in Decker and others (2008), suggest that Albian to Turonian depositional environments near the southeastern
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4 PIR 2008-1A Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range foothils & North Slope, Alaska
margin of the Colville foreland basin may have been signifi cantly different from the time-equivalent stratigraphic record farther west in the Umiat and Tarn/Meltwater areas.
• Terminal Nanushuk shelf edge—The terminal shelf edge of the easterly prograding Albian–Cenoma-nian Nanushuk–Torok depositional system is well defi ned by seismic and well log correlations in the area north of the Umiat baseline near the Itkillik River, some 80 km west of the Dalton Highway (for example, Houseknecht and Schenk, 2005). However, this depositional system also included a northerly prograding topset sequence derived from the Brooks Range that extended much farther east across the present-day foothills province (Molenaar, 1988; Huffman and others, 1988). The northern limit of the Nanushuk Formation within this transverse component of the system is very poorly known due to limited exposure, complex structure, and the lack of publicly available subsurface data. The Torok Formation is exposed along the Dalton Highway at a locality named “Ice Cut” (Mull, 1989; Sheet A-1). During the 2007 fi eld season, we visited an enigmatic exposure of loosely consolidated pebble conglomerate and sandstone exposed east–northeast of Ice Cut. This isolated outcrop includes locally channelized facies that are not typical of the deepwater Torok Formation in this area, most notably with respect to grain size. On the basis of reconnaissance mapping, we suspect these gravels lie in the footwall of a thrust fault and may represent a preserved remnant of the most northerly Nanushuk topset facies. Whether part of the Nanushuk, Torok, or conceivably the Tuluvak Formation, this exposure has signifi cant implications for paleogeographic, depositional environment, and thrust reconstructions, particularly with respect to the type and extent of prospective reservoirs in this area. More work is needed to evaluate multiple hypotheses that might explain this anomalous exposure.
• Seabee Formation—In outcrop, the Seabee Formation has been fairly well defi ned in the Umiat area (for example, Houseknecht and Schenk, 2005; Mull and others, 2004). However, despite signifi cant hydrocarbon discoveries in more distal facies, such as the informally named Bermuda interval (Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, 1998; 2001), limited work has been published correlating the unit basinward to the east (Decker, 2007). During 2001, 2002, and 2007, D. LePain and colleagues conducted detailed sedimentologic work on Turonian–Campanian strata discontinuously exposed along an unnamed tributary between the Sagavanirktok and Ivishak rivers. We informally refer to this drainage as “Sagashak Creek” (Sheet A-1). Despite signifi cant stretches of cover, we have been able to construct a composite stratigraphy along this traverse encompassing approximately 2,450 m of Upper Cretaceous section (LePain and others, 2008a). On the basis of biostratigraphic control, cor-relation with available subsurface data, and facies considerations, the lower portion of this section is designated as Seabee Formation and is interpreted as proximal basin-fl oor(?)–base-of-slope deposits (LePain and others, 2008a, this volume; 2008c).
We also revisited an exposure on the Sagavanirktok River, just downstream from the confl uence with the Lupine River (Sheet A-1; see also LePain and others, 2002). This sandstone and shale section was originally mapped as Nanushuk Formation by Mull (1989). However, recent revisions to Cretaceous stratigraphic nomenclature (Mull and others, 2003) restrict the Nanushuk Formation to seismic topset facies. Based on the sedimentary facies at this location, such as the prevalence of sediment gravity fl ows, we presently interpret the section as dominantly deepwater deposits, of either the Cenomanian upper Torok Formation or Turonian Seabee Formation, or perhaps spanning the contact between these two units. This interpretation is supported by the locally abundant bentonite, tuff, and appar-ent tuffaceous sandstone, all of which are characteristic of Upper Cretaceous units. We are awaiting biostratigraphic analyses to assist formation designation and more precise ties to the nearby Lupine well (Sheet A-1).
• Hue Shale—At the type locality along Hue Creek in ANWR, the Hue Shale includes condensed ba-sinal mudstone, bentonites, and tuff ranging from Aptian to Campanian in age (Molenaar and others, 1987). However, coeval Brookian strata in the central Sagavanirktok Quadrangle are much thicker and include more proximal slope facies of the Seabee and Canning Formations (fi g. 2; LePain and others, 2008a). The transitional nature of these facies relationships is well illustrated at one locality along Sagashak Creek (Sheet A-1), where a conspicuous section of organic-rich mudstone and tuffa-ceous strata are intercalated with more sandstone-rich slope and base-of-slope(?) facies (LePain and others, 2008a). We interpret this as a direct outcrop example of the commonly depicted intertonguing of more proximal units with the condensed Hue shale (fi g. 2). This interval was also noteworthy for
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Overview of recent geologic fi eld investigations, North Slope and Brooks Range foothills, Alaska 5
Figure 2. Chronostratigraph-ic column showing revised Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphic nomenclature of Mull and others (2003). cs* = cobblestone sandstone (informal unit) of Fortress Mountain Formation; ms** = manganiferous shale unit (informal).
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6 PIR 2008-1A Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range foothils & North Slope, Alaska
its strong hydrocarbon odor within shales and subjacent tuffaceous sandstone beds. The presence of this condensed zone is a potentially useful sequence stratigraphic marker and likely refl ects sediment starvation, probably during transgressive and/or highstand conditions.
• Canning Formation—In outcrop, the term Canning Formation has historically been limited to the area east of about the Echooka River (Sheet A-1). Many Santonian–Campanian rocks in the central Sagavanirktok Quadrangle have been assigned instead to the Schrader Bluff Formation (Mull and others, 2003; C.G. Mull, unpublished mapping). However, recent well and seismic correlations indi-cate that shelfal strata of the lower and middle(?) Schrader Bluff Formation transition eastward into slope–clinoform deposits, and are thus more appropriately ascribed to the Canning Formation (for example, Houseknecht and Schenk, 2005; Decker, 2007). This is supported by biostratigraphic data and facies interpretations from Sagashak Creek area, where the Canning Formation is interpreted to overlie the Seabee Formation (LePain and others, 2008a, this volume; 2008c).
• Prince Creek and Schrader Bluff Formations—In 2007, we measured sections in the Schrader Bluff Formation at three localities. From west to east (proximal to distal) these sections were along the Toolik River, Sagashak Creek, and the Ivishak River (Sheet A-1). Detailed outcrop observations for the Sagashak section are reported in LePain and others (2008a), where the upward transition from upper slope Canning Formation into shelfal Schrader Bluff can be documented. An additional section measured along the Ivishak River expanded upon on earlier work by LePain in 1999, characterizing depositional environments ranging from distributary mouth bars and channels to stacked coarsen-ing- and thickening-upward delta lobes. UAF graduate students Peter Flaig and Dolores van der Kolk collected detailed sedimentologic and stratigraphic data along the Toolik River where they documented intercalations of nonmarine coal-bearing facies of the Prince Creek Formation with shallow marine rocks of the Schrader Bluff Formation. Similar intertonguing relationships are interpreted in the sub-surface (Decker, 2007). Subsequent work will seek to correlate these three exposures and consider their evolution in a sequence stratigraphic context.
Southern Belt (proximal synorogenic foreland basin facies)Lower Cretaceous rocks in the Brooks Range foothills possess signifi cant potential for large oil and gas
accumulations, particularly shallow marine and turbidite facies of the Nanushuk–Torok system (for example, Houseknecht, 2003). Recent leasing activity, the potential opening of additional acreage in southern NPRA, and the move toward commercialization of North Slope gas all underscore the signifi cance of this underexplored interval. During the 2007 fi eld season, we continued a number of ongoing stratigraphic studies of Lower Cretaceous rocks in the foothills. The complex structural evolution of the foothills results in an increased exploration risk associated with maturation, migration, and trap formation. Therefore, the program also continued to evaluate the structural geology of the inner Brooks Range foothills (south of the Tuktu escarpment shown on Sheet A-1), documenting the geometry and style of deformation.
• Geologic Mapping in the Proximal Foreland Basin—In recent years, DGGS has conducted detailed (1:63,360-scale) geologic mapping across the central Brooks Range foothills, just north of the moun-tain front (for example, Peapples and others, 2007; Harris and others, 2002). Due to the complexity of the geology in this area, there remain signifi cant unresolved questions that limit our ability arrive at a coherent structural/stratigraphic model for the evolution of the area. Our main focus in 2007 was along Peregrine Ridge, Section Creek, and Accomplishment Creek (Sheet A-1). This new detailed mapping data will be integrated with previous work to help develop a more regionally consistent framework.
• Burial History in the Proximal Foreland Basin—Recent geologic mapping, stratigraphic studies, thermal maturity data, and thermochronologic constraints have led us to conclude that a signifi cant portion of the proximal foreland basin was deposited on top of the orogenic wedge—including the entire belt marked by the Early Cretaceous Fortress Mountain Formation. This observation suggests that an extensive Early Cretaceous wedge-top depozone (in the sense of DeCelles and Giles, 1996) existed in the southern Colville foreland basin. Syndepositional deformation within this zone may have promoted persistent structural highs that limited accommodation and thus burial (Wartes and Swenson, 2005). This model of foreland basin development partly explains anomalously low thermal maturity values observed by other studies along the Brooks Range foothills (for example, Cole and
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Overview of recent geologic fi eld investigations, North Slope and Brooks Range foothills, Alaska 7
others, 1997; Mull and others, 2000). In order to test the wedge-top model, we collected a number of apatite fi ssion track samples in 2007 from the Cobblestone Creek area. This region was selected in light of prior data that indicated abrupt northward increase in mid to Late Cretaceous stratigraphic burial (Mull and others, in review). Ultimately, future oil and gas exploration in the foothills will benefi t from a basin model that can accurately predict burial history and maturation.
• Okpikruak Formation—Although the Berriasian–Valanginian Okpikruak Formation is unlikely to represent a viable reservoir interval, the unit does represent our only stratigraphic window into the early Neocomian record of foreland basin evolution. In 2007, we investigated several exposures in the Section Creek area (Sheet A-1). The northeastern Brooks Range has undergone signifi cant Ter-tiary exhumation and, as a result, this is the only area where the Early Cretaceous orogenic wedge and overlying basal foreland basin strata are well exposed in long, coherent sections. Formation and age designations remain problematic in these rocks, although we discovered several new occurrences of the key Valanginian coquinoid limestone marker bed. We also anticipate having improved criteria following biostratigraphic analyses and further petrographic examinations.
• Phosphatic/Manganiferous Shale—This informal stratigraphic unit remains enigmatic, despite its unique lithofacies that includes a conspicuous reddish-brown, metallic-weathering sheen. The unit underlies the cobblestone sandstone member of the Fortress Mountain Formation and is best known from the Cobblestone Creek area (Sheet A-1; Mull and others, in review). The unusual shale may record the change in basin polarity (sediment dispersal direction) and the onset of Brookian deposi-tion in this area, north of the advancing allochthons and Okpikruak fl ysch deposits. On the basis of stratigraphic position and limited biostratigraphic control, we speculate that the unit is correlative with the Kongakut Formation and Barremian Pebble Shale unit to the north (fi g. 2). To allow better evalu-ation of these hypotheses, detailed sedimentologic data were collected in 2007 from the best-exposed section along Cobblestone Creek. The interpreted correlation with the Pebble Shale was supported by the fi rst reported discovery of numerous outsized granules, pebbles, and cobbles fl oating within the shale. Further characterization of this interval awaits analytical data from newly collected petrographic, geochemical, and micropaleontology samples.
• Cobblestone Sandstone—The Aptian(?) Cobblestone Sandstone member of the Fortress Mountain Formation locally records the earliest sandstone deposition in the proximal foreland basin (Mull and others, in review). However, this distinctive lighter-weathering graywacke has not been recognized west of the Kanayut River (Harris and others, 2004). In 2007, we visited several key exposures of amalgamated sediment gravity fl ow deposits to collect additional sedimentologic and stratigraphic information. Most notably, an exposure along the Nanushuk River (Sheet A-1) included an unusual association of facies including poorly sorted conglomerate and breccia. The texturally immature facies, and clast composition were indistinguishable from a syntectonic unit we termed “Kfmv” in recent mapping farther west in the Siksikpuk River area (Peapples and others, 2007). This observation sup-ports our earlier speculation that the two units are correlative and likely represent gradational facies equivalents of one another. If additional data further substantiate this interpretation, it will allow us to construct a more coherent model for basin evolution in this wedge-top environment (for example, Wartes and Swenson, 2005).
• Fortress Mountain Formation—DGGS has supported several years of stratigraphic research on the Fortress Mountain Formation, resulting in refi ned depositional environment interpretations and strati-graphic correlations (at the local to sub-regional scales). An example of this work from the Atigun syncline area is included in this volume (fi g. 1; Sheet A-1; Wartes, 2008a, this volume). In collabora-tion with the USGS, another publication on the stratigraphy of the Fortress Mountain in the Siksikpuk River area should be published imminently (Houseknecht and others, 2007).
We conducted additional stratigraphic reconnaissance and sampling in 2007 near Toolik Lake (Sheet A-1). These are the northernmost exposures of the Fortress Mountain Formation in this area and have the potential to clarify the basinward evolution of this part of the clastic wedge. In particular, it remains unclear how this part of the upper(?) Fortress Mountain Formation relates to nearby exposures of the Nanushuk Formation. This important stratigraphic question is further addressed in another chapter in this volume through a comparison of detrital zircon ages within the two units (fi g. 1; Wartes, 2008b, this volume).
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8 PIR 2008-1A Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range foothils & North Slope, Alaska
• Nanushuk Formation—DGGS has led a multi-year, outcrop-based investigation of the sequence stratigraphy and reservoir potential of the Nanushuk Formation. This work has resulted in numerous detailed measured sections throughout the central Brooks Range foothills and greatly improved our understanding of this depositional system. A major publication summarizing a substantial part of our Nanushuk investigations is now complete (LePain and others, 2008d) and will be released shortly after the publication of this volume. In addition to sequence stratigraphic analyses, this milestone synthesis includes a comprehensive summary of Nanushuk lithofacies, facies associations, ichnology, micro-paleontology, and regional depositional environments. During 2007, we conducted limited follow-up work on the Nanushuk at Slope Mountain (Sheet A-1). Our main focus was revisiting a signifi cant intraformational sequence boundary and better documenting the overlying facies association and erosional relief on the unconformity (LePain and others, 2008d).
We have also extended our Nanushuk studies westward in recent years, examining well exposed sec-tions along the Colville River (fi g. 1). Based on facies analysis, these exposures appear to refl ect the development of river-dominated deltas, contrasting with the more pervasive wave infl uence observed to the east (for example, LePain and others, 2006; Huffman and others, 1988). These measured sec-tions and preliminary correlations with publicly available seismic data are summarized in LePain and others (2008b) in this volume.
During our work along the Colville River, we sampled a gas seep in the Nanushuk Formation near the mouth of Aupuk Creek (fi g. 1). Based on new geochemical data from this seep, we were able to demonstrate the gas is thermogenic in origin and likely represents condensate- or oil-associated gas generated at oil-window maturity. These results are included in Decker and Wartes (2008, this vol-ume).
SUMMARYThe above discussion is intended only as a preliminary progress report that provides a brief introduction to
recent fi eld investigations, particularly during 2007. This volume is an effort to execute a rapid turn-around of many of our observations and preliminary interpretations, rather than delay distribution of data until all results are in. Additional work will be published as analytical data become available and as stratigraphic and structural interpretations continue to mature.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis review incorporated the work of the entire geoscience team associated with the DNR North Slope Pro-
gram (listed under project staff in the text). C.G. Mull deserves special mention—much of our work would not be possible without the geological framework he established during decades of fi eld work in northern Alaska. D. LePain provided a helpful review of this manuscript. Finally, J. Robinson and P. Davis are thanked for their tireless editorial work in preparing this volume for publication.
Fieldwork was supported through a combination of state budget sources and substantial contributions from companies and individuals involved in the Alaska oil and gas industry. Recent sponsors included Anadarko Petro-leum Corp., BG Alaska, Chevron, ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc., ENI, Petro-Canada, Pioneer Natural Resources, Repsol YPF Exploration and Production Co., Shell International Exploration and Production Co., and Talisman Energy, Inc.
REFERENCESAlaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, 1998, Conservation Order No. 430 (Tarn Pool Rules): Anchorage,
AK, 7 p.———2001, Conservation Order No. 456 (Meltwater Pool Rules): Anchorage, AK, 9 p.Cole, F.E., Bird, K.J., Toro, J., Roure, F., O’Sullivan, P.B., Pawlewicz, M.J., and Howell, D.G., 1997, An integrated
model for the frontal Brooks Range and Colville Basin 250 km west of the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 102, p. 20,685–20,708.
DeCelles, P.G., and Giles, K.A., 1996, Foreland basin systems: Basin Research, v. 8, p. 105–123.
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Overview of recent geologic fi eld investigations, North Slope and Brooks Range foothills, Alaska 9
Decker, P.L., 2007, Brookian sequence stratigraphic correlations, Umiat Field to Milne Point Field, west-central North Slope, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2007-2, 19 p., 1 sheet.
Decker, P.L., and Wartes, M.A., 2008, Geochemistry of the Aupuk gas seep along the Colville River—Evidence for a thermogenic origin, in Wartes, M.A., and Decker, P.L., eds., Preliminary results of recent geologic fi eld investigations in the Brooks Range foothills and North Slope, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geo-physical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2008-1, p. 47–53.
Decker, P.L., Wartes, M.A., Wallace, W.K., Houseknecht, David, Schenk, Christopher, Gillis, R.J., and Mongrain, Jacob, 2008, Stratigraphic and structural investigations in the Ivishak River and Gilead Creek areas: Progress during 2007, in Wartes, M.A., and Decker, P.L., eds, Preliminary results of recent geologic fi eld investigations in the Brooks Range foothills and North Slope, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2008-1, p. 55–83, 1 sheet, measured section.
Harris, E.E., Mull, C.G., Montayne, S., and Reifenstuhl, R.R., 2002, Geologic map of the Dalton Highway (Atigun Gorge to Slope Mountain) area, southern Arctic Foothills, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysi-cal Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2002-2, 1 sheet, scale 1:63,360.
Harris, E.E., Mull, C.G., Peapples, P.R., LePain, D.L., and Burns, P.A., 2004, New detailed (1:63,360-scale) map-ping of the Brooks Range northern foothills and rangefront, Kanayut River area, Alaska: AAPG Abstracts with Programs, v. 13, p. 58–59.
Houseknecht, D.W., 2003, Brookian stratigraphic plays in the National Petroleum Reserve—Alaska (NPRA): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-039, 19 p.
Houseknecht, D.W, and Schenk, C.J., 2005, Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Cretaceous Nanushuk, Seabee, and Tuluvak Formations exposed on Umiat Mountain, north-central Alaska, in Haeussler, P., and Gal-loway, J.P., eds., Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2004, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1709B, 18 p., 1 plate.
Houseknecht, D.W., Schenk, C.J., and Wartes, M.A., 2007, Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Fortress Mountain and Torok Formations exposed along the Siksikpuk River, north-central Alaska, in Haeussler, Peter J., and Galloway, John P., eds., Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1739-D, 27 p., 1 plate.
Huffman, A.C., Jr., Ahlbrandt, T.S., and Bartsch-Winkler, Susan, 1988, Sedimentology of the Nanushuk Group, North Slope, in Gryc, George, ed., Geology and exploration of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, 1974 to 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1399, p. 281–298.
LePain, D.L., Decker, P.L., and Wartes, M.A., 2008a, Turonian–Campanian strata east of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline corridor, North Slope foothills, Alaska: Progress during the 2001–02 and 2007 fi eld seasons, in Wartes, M.A., and Decker, P.L., eds, Preliminary results of recent geologic fi eld investigations in the Brooks Range foothills and North Slope, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2008-1, p. 85–134.
LePain, D.L., Decker, P.L., and Wartes, M.A., 2008b, Measured sections and preliminary interpretations of the Nanushuk Formation exposed along the Colville River near the confl uences with the Awuna and Killik rivers, in Wartes, M.A., and Decker, P.L., eds, Preliminary results of recent geologic fi eld investigations in the Brooks Range foothills and North Slope, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2008-1, p. 41–45, 4 sheets.
LePain, D.L., Decker, P.L., Wartes, M.A., Gillis, R.J., Mongrain, J.R., Kirkham, R., and Shellenbaum, D.P., 2008c, Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous strata in the Sagavanirktok River area, east-central North Slope, Alaska: AAPG annual meeting abstracts, in press.
LePain, D.L., McCarthy, P.J., and Kirkham, R. 2006, Variations in facies stacking patterns in storm-infl uenced delta front and shoreface successions, Nanushuk Formation, central North Slope, Alaska [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program, v. 38, no. 5.
———2008d, Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Nanushuk Formation in the central Brooks Range foothills, northern Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation, in press.
LePain, D.L., Kirkham, R., and McCarthy, P.J., 2002, Shoreline to basin transition (?) in Albian–Cenomanian strata east of the Sagavanirktok River, Brooks Range foothills, Alaska [abs.]: AAPG Pacifi c Section/SPE Regional Conference, Program and Abstracts, p. 87.
-
10 PIR 2008-1A Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range foothils & North Slope, Alaska
Molenaar, C.M., Bird, K.J., and Collett, T.S., 1986, Regional correlation sections across the North Slope of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies 1907, 1 sheet.
Molenaar, C.M., Bird, K.J., and Kirk, A.R., 1987, Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphy of northeastern Alaska, in Tailleur, I.L., and Weimer, P., eds., Alaskan North Slope Geology: Pacifi c Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists and Alaska Geological Society, Book 50, v. 1, p. 513–528.
Molenaar, C.M., 1988, Depositional history and seismic stratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous rock in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska and adjacent areas, in Gryc, G., editor, Geology and exploration of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, 1974–1982: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1399, p. 593–621.
Mull, C.G., 1989, Road log from Chandalar Shelf (Mile 237.1) to Prudhoe Bay (Mile 414), in Mull, C.G., and Adams, K.E., eds., Dalton Highway, Yukon River to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Guidebook 7, v. 1, p. 101–131.
Mull, C.G., Harris, E.E., Reifenstuhl, R.R., and Moore, T.E., 2000, Geologic map of the Coke Basin–Kukpowruk River area, DeLong Mountains D-2 and D-3 quadrangles, northwestern Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations 2000-2, 1 sheet, scale 1:63,360.
Mull, C.G, Houseknecht, D.W., and Bird, K.J., 2003, Revised Cretaceous and Tertiary Stratigraphic Nomenclature in the Colville Basin, Northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1673, 51 p.
Mull, C.G., Houseknecht, D.W., Pessel, G.H., and Garrity, C.P., 2004, Geologic map of the Umiat Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientifi c Investigations Map 2817-A, 1 sheet.
Mull, C.G., Harris, E.E., and Peapples, P.R., in review, Geologic map of the Cobblestone Creek–May Creek area, east-central Brooks Range foothills, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report, 1 sheet, scale 1:63,360, and booklet.
Peapples, P.R., Wallace, W.K., Wartes, M.A., Swenson, R.F., Mull, C.G., Dumoulin, J.A., Harris, E.E., Finzel, E.S., Reifenstuhl, R.R., and Loveland, A.M., 2007, Geologic map of the Siksikpuk River area, Chandler Lake Quadrangle, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2007-1, 1 sheet.
Pessel, G.H., Robinson, M.S., Clough, J.G., Imm, T.A., Reifenstuhl, R.R., Ryherd, T.J., Myers, M.D., and Mull, C.G., 1990, Preliminary geologic map of the Gilead Creek area, Sagavanirktok A-2 Quadrangle, Arctic Foothills, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Public-Data File 90-18, 7 p., 1 sheet.
Reifenstuhl, R.R., 1991, Gilead sandstone, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska; An Albian to Cenomanian marine clastic succession, in Reger, R.D., ed., Short Notes on Alaskan Geology 1991: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Professional Report 111, p. 69–76.
Wartes, M.A., 2008a, Measured section and facies analysis of the Lower Cretaceous Fortress Mountain Formation, Atigun Syncline, northern Alaska, in Wartes, M.A., and Decker, P.L., eds, Preliminary results of recent geologic fi eld investigations in the Brooks Range foothills and North Slope, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2008-1, p. 11–24, 1 sheet.
Wartes, M.A., 2008b, Evaluation of stratigraphic continuity between the Fortress Mountain and Nanushuk For-mations in the Central Brooks Range foothills—Are they partly correlative?, in Wartes, M.A., and Decker, P.L., eds, Preliminary results of recent geologic fi eld investigations in the Brooks Range foothills and North Slope, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2008-1, p. 25–39.
Wartes, M.A., and Swenson, R.F., 2005, New constraints on the structural and stratigraphic development of the proximal Colville foreland basin; Implications for burial history and oil and gas exploration in the central Brooks Range foothills, northern Alaska, in GSA, Cordilleran Section, 101st annual meeting: AAPG, Pacifi c Section, 80th annual meeting, Abstracts with Programs, v. 37, no. 4, p. 92–93.
-
Text for reports with appendices: This appendix is included in this PDF document for the reader’s convenience. In the full publication, the appendices and sheets are placed at the conclusion of all of the text. The separation of the appendices and sheets from their chapter in the full publication determines the page numbers; thus, you will find that the page numbers for this smaller piece of the larger document are not sequential.
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Appendix A-1 135
APPENDIX A-1
2007 NORTH SLOPE FIELD TOUR
-
This page has intentionally been left blank.
-
Appendix A-1 137
Intr
oduc
tory
Com
men
ts:
Intr
oduc
tory
Com
men
ts:
The
Ala
ska
Div
isio
n of
Geo
logi
cal &
Geo
phys
ical
Sur
veys
(DG
GS)
Th
e A
lask
a D
ivis
ion
of G
eolo
gica
l & G
eoph
ysic
al S
urve
ys (D
GG
S) a
nd D
ivis
ion
of
and
Div
isio
n of
O
il &
Gas
(DO
G) l
eads
an
annu
al tw
oO
il &
Gas
(DO
G) l
eads
an
annu
al tw
o --da
y fie
ld tr
ip in
the
foot
hills
of t
he
day
field
trip
in th
e fo
othi
lls o
f the
no
rthe
rn B
rook
s R
ange
. Th
is to
ur ty
pica
lly fo
cuse
s on
key
exp
osno
rthe
rn B
rook
s R
ange
. Th
is to
ur ty
pica
lly fo
cuse
s on
key
exp
osur
es th
at
ures
that
pr
ovid
e in
sigh
t int
o th
e ge
olog
ic e
volu
tion
of th
e pe
trol
eum
sys
prov
ide
insi
ght i
nto
the
geol
ogic
evo
lutio
n of
the
petr
oleu
m s
yste
m in
nor
ther
n te
m in
nor
ther
n A
lask
a.A
lask
a.
In 2
007,
this
tour
took
pla
ce o
n Ju
ne 2
9In
200
7, th
is to
ur to
ok p
lace
on
June
29t
hthan
d 30
and
30thth
, bas
ed o
ut o
f Gal
brai
th L
ake
in
, bas
ed o
ut o
f Gal
brai
th L
ake
in
the
east
the
east
-- cen
tral
foot
hills
. O
n Ju
ne 2
8ce
ntra
l foo
thill
s. O
n Ju
ne 2
8thth, a
pre
sent
atio
n w
as o
ffere
d th
at b
riefly
, a
pre
sent
atio
n w
as o
ffere
d th
at b
riefly
su
mm
ariz
ed re
cent
geo
logi
cal s
tudi
es b
y D
GG
S an
d pr
evie
wed
upc
omsu
mm
ariz
ed re
cent
geo
logi
cal s
tudi
es b
y D
GG
S an
d pr
evie
wed
upc
omin
g fie
ld
ing
field
st
ops.
stop
s.
The
follo
win
g pr
esen
tatio
n w
as c
reat
ed a
nd d
eliv
ered
by
Mar
wan
WTh
e fo
llow
ing
pres
enta
tion
was
cre
ated
and
del
iver
ed b
y M
arw
an W
arte
s (D
GG
S)
arte
s (D
GG
S)
with
hel
p fr
om P
aul D
ecke
r (D
OG
). T
he v
ersi
on in
clud
ed h
ere
is
with
hel
p fr
om P
aul D
ecke
r (D
OG
). T
he v
ersi
on in
clud
ed h
ere
is o
nly
slig
htly
on
ly s
light
ly
mod
ified
from
the
orig
inal
; in
the
abse
nce
of a
spe
aker
, som
e sl
mod
ified
from
the
orig
inal
; in
the
abse
nce
of a
spe
aker
, som
e sl
ides
hav
e be
en
ides
hav
e be
en
anno
tate
d to
impr
ove
clar
ity.
anno
tate
d to
impr
ove
clar
ity.
Mar
wan
War
tes
(DG
GS
)
E-m
ail:
mar
wan
.war
tes@
alas
ka.g
ov
Pho
ne: (
907)
451
-505
6
Pau
l Dec
ker (
DO
G)
E-m
ail:
paul
.dec
ker@
alas
ka.g
ov
Pho
ne: (
907)
269
-879
1
For m
ore
info
rmat
ion,
ple
ase
cont
act:
For m
ore
info
rmat
ion,
ple
ase
cont
act:
This
pre
sent
atio
n be
nefit
ed fr
om a
n in
tern
al D
GG
S re
view
by
Dav
id L
ePai
n
-
138 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
DG
GS
/ DO
G 2
007
Nor
th S
lope
Fie
ld T
our
DG
GS
/ DO
G 2
007
Nor
th S
lope
Fie
ld T
our
-
Appendix A-1 139
Bro
oks
Ran
ge F
ooth
ills
& N
orth
Slo
pe P
rogr
amB
rook
s R
ange
Foo
thill
s &
Nor
th S
lope
Pro
gram
Stra
tigra
phic
and
stru
ctur
al
Stra
tigra
phic
and
stru
ctur
al
stud
ies
of e
cono
mic
ally
st
udie
s of
eco
nom
ical
ly
sign
ifica
nt u
nits
sign
ifica
nt u
nits
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
n of
the
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
n of
the
regi
onal
pet
role
um s
yste
m
regi
onal
pet
role
um s
yste
m
(sou
rce
rock
geo
chem
istry
(s
ourc
e ro
ck g
eoch
emis
try
and
rese
rvoi
r qua
lity)
and
rese
rvoi
r qua
lity)
Det
aile
d 1:
63,3
60D
etai
led
1:63
,360
-- sca
lesc
ale
geol
ogic
map
ping
of
geol
ogic
map
ping
of
econ
omic
ally
sig
nific
ant
econ
omic
ally
sig
nific
ant
area
sar
eas
Sci
entif
ic a
nd lo
gist
ical
sup
port
for
Sci
entif
ic a
nd lo
gist
ical
sup
port
for
stud
ent t
hese
sst
uden
t the
ses
Fund
ing
sour
ces
Fund
ing
sour
ces
DG
GS
gen
eral
fund
D
GG
S g
ener
al fu
nd
Sta
te C
IPS
tate
CIP
Fede
ral S
tate
Map
Fe
dera
l Sta
teM
ap
Indu
stry
con
sorti
um p
ays
for
Indu
stry
con
sorti
um p
ays
for
oper
atio
nal e
xpen
ses
and
oper
atio
nal e
xpen
ses
and
inte
rn s
uppo
rtin
tern
sup
port
-
140 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
2007
Indu
stry
Sup
port
2007
Indu
stry
Sup
port
Ana
dark
oA
nada
rko
FEX
FEX
BG
Ala
ska
BG
Ala
ska
Che
vron
Che
vron
Petr
oPe
tro --
Can
ada
Can
ada
Pion
eer N
atur
al R
esou
rces
Pion
eer N
atur
al R
esou
rces
ENI
ENI
Shel
lSh
ell
Con
ocoP
hilli
psC
onoc
oPhi
llips
-
Appendix A-1 141
Prim
ary
Inve
stig
ator
s / C
olla
bora
tors
Prim
ary
Inve
stig
ator
s / C
olla
bora
tors
DG
GS
DG
GS M
. War
tes
M. W
arte
sD
. LeP
ain
D. L
ePai
n R
. Rei
fens
tuhl
R. R
eife
nstu
hlR
. Gill
isR
. Gill
isR
. Sw
enso
n R
. Sw
enso
n P.
Del
aney
P.
Del
aney
A
. Lov
elan
d A
. Lov
elan
d
DO
GD
OG
P. D
ecke
rP.
Dec
ker
K. H
elm
old
K. H
elm
old
D. S
helle
nbau
mD
. She
llenb
aum
UA
FU
AF
W. W
alla
ceW
. Wal
lace
M. W
hale
nM
. Wha
len
P. M
cCar
thy
P. M
cCar
thy
Stud
ents
Stud
ents
D. v
an d
er K
olk
D. v
an d
er K
olk
P. F
laig
P. F
laig
J. M
ongr
ain
J. M
ongr
ain
A. D
unca
nA
. Dun
can
USG
SU
SGS J.
Dum
oulin
J. D
umou
linD
. Hou
sekn
echt
D. H
ouse
knec
htC
. Sch
enk
C. S
chen
kT.
Moo
reT.
Moo
reC
. Pot
ter
C. P
otte
r
Con
sulta
ntC
onsu
ltant
G. M
ull
G. M
ull
-
142 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
-
Appendix A-1 143
Bro
okia
n Se
quen
ce S
trat
igra
phic
Cro
ss S
ectio
nB
rook
ian
Sequ
ence
Str
atig
raph
ic C
ross
Sec
tion
(Dec
ker,
2007
)
-
144 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
NPR
AN
PRA
AN
WR
AN
WR
Loca
tion
Map
CO
LVIL
LEC
OLV
ILLE
BA
SIN
BA
SIN
BR
OO
KS
BR
OO
KS
RA
NG
ER
AN
GEBA
RRO
WBA
RRO
W““A
RCH
ARCH
””
-
Appendix A-1 145
2007
DG
GS
2007
DG
GS
Tour
Loc
aliti
esTo
ur L
ocal
ities
Day
1D
ay 1
Stop
1.1
For
tres
s M
tn F
m
Stop
1.1
For
tres
s M
tn F
m
fan
delta
, fa
n de
lta,
Atig
un s
yncl
ine
Atig
un s
yncl
ine
Stop
1.2
Nan
ushu
k Fm
St
op 1
.2 N
anus
huk
Fm
shor
efac
e,sh
oref
ace,
Slop
e M
ount
ain
Slop
e M
ount
ain
Stop
1.3
Nan
ushu
k Fm
St
op 1
.3 N
anus
huk
Fm
fluvi
al,
fluvi
al,
NE
of Ic
ecut
NE
of Ic
ecut
Stop
1.4
Tor
ok F
m
Stop
1.4
Tor
ok F
m
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
Sag
/ Lup
ine
Riv
erSa
g / L
upin
e R
iver
2007
cam
p –
Gal
brai
th L
ake
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.4
-
146 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
CRETACEOUSTERTIARY
Stop
1.1
Stop
1.1
Fort
ress
Mou
ntai
nFo
rtre
ss M
ount
ain
Form
atio
nFo
rmat
ion
Mul
l et a
l., 2
003
-
Appendix A-1 147
Stop
1.1
For
tres
s M
tn F
orm
atio
n St
op 1
.1 F
ortr
ess
Mtn
For
mat
ion
––A
tigun
Syn
clin
e A
tigun
Syn
clin
e A
ptia
n(?)
Apt
ian(
?)-- A
lbia
n pr
oxim
al to
pset
faci
es (f
an d
elta
fron
t)A
lbia
n pr
oxim
al to
pset
faci
es (f
an d
elta
fron
t)B
asin
war
d di
ppin
g fo
rese
tsB
asin
war
d di
ppin
g fo
rese
ts
-
148 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
Stop
1.1
For
tres
s M
tn F
orm
atio
n St
op 1
.1 F
ortr
ess
Mtn
For
mat
ion
––A
tigun
Syn
clin
e A
tigun
Syn
clin
e A
ptia
n(?)
Apt
ian(
?)-- A
lbia
n pr
oxim
al to
pset
faci
es (f
an d
elta
fron
t)A
lbia
n pr
oxim
al to
pset
faci
es (f
an d
elta
fron
t)B
asin
war
d di
ppin
g fo
rese
tsB
asin
war
d di
ppin
g fo
rese
ts
-
Appendix A-1 149
2007
DG
GS
2007
DG
GS
Tour
Loc
aliti
esTo
ur L
ocal
ities
Day
1D
ay 1
Stop
1.1
For
tres
s M
tn F
m
Stop
1.1
For
tres
s M
tn F
m
fan
delta
, fa
n de
lta,
Atig
un s
yncl
ine
Atig
un s
yncl
ine
Stop
1.2
Nan
ushu
k Fm
St
op 1
.2 N
anus
huk
Fm
shor
efac
e,sh
oref
ace,
Slop
e M
ount
ain
Slop
e M
ount
ain
Stop
1.3
Nan
ushu
k Fm
St
op 1
.3 N
anus
huk
Fm
fluvi
al,
fluvi
al,
NE
of
NE
of Ic
ecut
Icec
ut
Stop
1.4
Tor
ok F
m
Stop
1.4
Tor
ok F
m
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
Sag
/ Lup
ine
Riv
erSa
g / L
upin
e R
iver
2007
cam
p –
Gal
brai
th L
ake
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.4
-
150 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
CRETACEOUSTERTIARY
Stop
1.2
Stop
1.2
Nan
ushu
kN
anus
huk
Form
atio
nFo
rmat
ion
Mul
l et a
l., 2
003
-
Appendix A-1 151
Stop
1.2
Nan
ushu
k Fo
rmat
ion
Stop
1.2
Nan
ushu
k Fo
rmat
ion
––Sl
ope
Mou
ntai
n Sl
ope
Mou
ntai
n A
lbia
n to
pset
faci
es (s
hore
face
A
lbia
n to
pset
faci
es (s
hore
face
––di
strib
utar
y ch
anne
l)di
strib
utar
y ch
anne
l)Er
osio
nal s
eque
nce
boun
dary
Eros
iona
l seq
uenc
e bo
unda
ry
-
152 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
2007
DG
GS
2007
DG
GS
Tour
Loc
aliti
esTo
ur L
ocal
ities
Day
1D
ay 1
Stop
1.1
For
tres
s M
tn F
m
Stop
1.1
For
tres
s M
tn F
m
fan
delta
, fa
n de
lta,
Atig
un s
yncl
ine
Atig
un s
yncl
ine
Stop
1.2
Nan
ushu
k Fm
St
op 1
.2 N
anus
huk
Fm
shor
efac
e,sh
oref
ace,
Slop
e M
ount
ain
Slop
e M
ount
ain
Stop
1.3
Nan
ushu
k Fm
St
op 1
.3 N
anus
huk
Fm
fluvi
al,
fluvi
al,
NE
of
NE
of Ic
ecut
Icec
ut
Stop
1.4
Tor
ok F
m
Stop
1.4
Tor
ok F
m
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
Sag
/ Lup
ine
Riv
erSa
g / L
upin
e R
iver
2007
cam
p –
Gal
brai
th L
ake
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.4
-
Appendix A-1 153
CRETACEOUSTERTIARY
Stop
1.3
Stop
1.3
Nan
ushu
k(?)
Nan
ushu
k(?)
Form
atio
nFo
rmat
ion
Mul
l et a
l., 2
003
-
154 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
Stop
1.3
Nan
ushu
k Fo
rmat
ion
Stop
1.3
Nan
ushu
k Fo
rmat
ion
––N
E of
Ice
Cut
NE
of Ic
e C
utFl
uvia
l (?)
Fl
uvia
l (?)
––co
nstr
aini
ng th
e te
rmin
al s
helf
cons
trai
ning
the
term
inal
she
lf --ed
geed
ge
-
Appendix A-1 155
2007
DG
GS
2007
DG
GS
Tour
Loc
aliti
esTo
ur L
ocal
ities
Day
1D
ay 1
Stop
1.1
For
tres
s M
tn F
m
Stop
1.1
For
tres
s M
tn F
m
fan
delta
, fa
n de
lta,
Atig
un s
yncl
ine
Atig
un s
yncl
ine
Stop
1.2
Nan
ushu
k Fm
St
op 1
.2 N
anus
huk
Fm
shor
efac
e,sh
oref
ace,
Slop
e M
ount
ain
Slop
e M
ount
ain
Stop
1.3
Nan
ushu
k Fm
St
op 1
.3 N
anus
huk
Fm
fluvi
al,
fluvi
al,
NE
of
NE
of Ic
ecut
Icec
ut
Stop
1.4
Tor
ok F
m
Stop
1.4
Tor
ok F
m
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
Sag
/ Lup
ine
Riv
erSa
g / L
upin
e R
iver
2007
cam
p –
Gal
brai
th L
ake
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.31.4
-
156 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
CRETACEOUSTERTIARY
Stop
1.4
Stop
1.4 To
rok(
?)To
rok(
?)Fo
rmat
ion
Form
atio
n
Mul
l et a
l., 2
003
-
Appendix A-1 157
Stop
1.4
Tor
ok(?
) For
mat
ion
Stop
1.4
Tor
ok(?
) For
mat
ion
––Sa
gava
nirk
tok
Riv
er
Saga
vani
rkto
k R
iver
ne
ar L
upin
e R
iver
con
fluen
ce
near
Lup
ine
Riv
er c
onflu
ence
Se
dim
ent g
ravi
ty fl
ows
(am
alga
mat
ed tu
rbid
ites)
Sedi
men
t gra
vity
flow
s (a
mal
gam
ated
turb
idite
s)C
orre
latio
n to
Lup
ine
wel
l(?)
Cor
rela
tion
to L
upin
e w
ell(?
)
-
158 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
2007
DG
GS
2007
DG
GS
Tour
Loc
aliti
esTo
ur L
ocal
ities
Day
2D
ay 2
Stop
2.1
Gile
ad S
s (T
orok
Fm
) St
op 2
.1 G
ilead
Ss
(Tor
ok F
m)
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
Ivis
hak
Riv
erIv
isha
k R
iver
Stop
2.2
Sea
bee
Fm
Stop
2.2
Sea
bee
Fm
turb
idite
s, H
ue S
hale
tu
rbid
ites,
Hue
Sha
le
equi
vale
nt s
ourc
e, &
equi
vale
nt s
ourc
e, &
basa
l Can
ning
Fm
ba
sal C
anni
ng F
m
stru
ctur
e,st
ruct
ure,
““ Sag
asha
k C
reek
Saga
shak
Cre
ek””
Stop
2.3
Can
ning
Fm
St
op 2
.3 C
anni
ng F
m
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
““ Sag
asha
k C
reek
Saga
shak
Cre
ek””
Stop
2.4
Sch
rade
r Blu
ff St
op 2
.4 S
chra
der B
luff
nonm
arin
eno
nmar
ine
to s
hallo
w m
arin
e,
to s
hallo
w m
arin
e,
Tool
ik R
iver
Tool
ik R
iver
2007
cam
p –
Gal
brai
th L
ake
2.1
2.1
2.2 2.3
2.4
-
Appendix A-1 159
CRETACEOUSTERTIARY
Stop
2.1
Stop
2.1
Gile
ad s
ands
tone
Gile
ad s
ands
tone
(Tor
ok F
orm
atio
n)(T
orok
For
mat
ion)
Mul
l et a
l., 2
003
-
160 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
Stop
2.1
Gile
ad S
s (T
orok
Fm
) St
op 2
.1 G
ilead
Ss
(Tor
ok F
m) ––
Ivis
hak
Riv
er
Ivis
hak
Riv
er
Alb
ian(
?) s
edim
ent g
ravi
ty fl
ows
(am
alga
mat
ed tu
rbid
ites)
Alb
ian(
?) s
edim
ent g
ravi
ty fl
ows
(am
alga
mat
ed tu
rbid
ites)
-
Appendix A-1 161
Stop
2.1
Gile
ad S
s (T
orok
Fm
) St
op 2
.1 G
ilead
Ss
(Tor
ok F
m) ––
Ivis
hak
Riv
er
Ivis
hak
Riv
er
Alb
ian(
?) s
edim
ent g
ravi
ty fl
ows
(am
alga
mat
ed tu
rbid
ites)
Alb
ian(
?) s
edim
ent g
ravi
ty fl
ows
(am
alga
mat
ed tu
rbid
ites)
-
162 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
2007
DG
GS
2007
DG
GS
Tour
Loc
aliti
esTo
ur L
ocal
ities
Day
2D
ay 2
Stop
2.1
Gile
ad S
s (T
orok
Fm
) St
op 2
.1 G
ilead
Ss
(Tor
ok F
m)
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
Ivis
hak
Riv
erIv
isha
k R
iver
Stop
2.2
Sea
bee
Fm
Stop
2.2
Sea
bee
Fm
turb
idite
s, H
ue S
hale
tu
rbid
ites,
Hue
Sha
le
equi
vale
nt s
ourc
e, &
equi
vale
nt s
ourc
e, &
basa
l Can
ning
Fm
ba
sal C
anni
ng F
m
stru
ctur
e,st
ruct
ure,
““ Sag
asha
k C
reek
Saga
shak
Cre
ek””
Stop
2.3
Can
ning
Fm
St
op 2
.3 C
anni
ng F
m
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
““ Sag
asha
k C
reek
Saga
shak
Cre
ek””
Stop
2.4
Sch
rade
r Blu
ff St
op 2
.4 S
chra
der B
luff
nonm
arin
eno
nmar
ine
to s
hallo
w m
arin
e,
to s
hallo
w m
arin
e,
Tool
ik R
iver
Tool
ik R
iver
2007
cam
p –
Gal
brai
th L
ake
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
-
Appendix A-1 163
CRETACEOUSTERTIARY
Stop
2.2
Stop
2.2
Seab
ee &
Can
ning
Seab
ee &
Can
ning
form
atio
nsfo
rmat
ions
Mul
l et a
l., 2
003
-
164 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
Turo
nian
Sea
bee
FmTu
roni
an S
eabe
e Fm
Cam
pani
an C
anni
ng F
mCa
mpa
nian
Can
ning
Fm
basi
nal t
o to
eba
sina
l to
toe --
ofof-- s
lope
slop
efa
cies
faci
esba
sina
l to
toe
basi
nal t
o to
e --ofof
-- slo
pesl
ope
faci
esfa
cies
slop
e fa
cies
slop
e fa
cies
Stop
2.2
& 2
.3 S
eabe
e &
Can
ning
St
op 2
.2 &
2.3
Sea
bee
& C
anni
ng fm
sfm
s----
““ Sag
asha
k C
kSa
gash
ak C
k ””So
uth
limb
of A
ufei
s an
ticlin
eSo
uth
limb
of A
ufei
s an
ticlin
e
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3 Vie
w t
o ea
stVi
ew t
o ea
st
-
Appendix A-1 165
Stop
2.2
Sea
bee
& C
anni
ng
Stop
2.2
Sea
bee
& C
anni
ng fm
sfm
s----
““ Sag
asha
k C
reek
Saga
shak
Cre
ek””
Turo
nian
Turo
nian
-- San
toni
anSa
nton
ian
to e
arly
Cam
pani
an(?
) tur
bidi
tes
to e
arly
Cam
pani
an(?
) tur
bidi
tes
Tuffa
ceou
s, o
il sa
tura
ted
inte
rval
(com
plex
str
uctu
re)
Tuffa
ceou
s, o
il sa
tura
ted
inte
rval
(com
plex
str
uctu
re)
Oil
satu
rate
dtu
fface
ous
Oil
satu
rate
dtu
fface
ous
orga
nic
rich
shal
e&
silts
tone
orga
nic
rich
shal
e&
silts
tone
-
166 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
2007
DG
GS
2007
DG
GS
Tour
Loc
aliti
esTo
ur L
ocal
ities
Day
2D
ay 2
Stop
2.1
Gile
ad S
s (T
orok
Fm
) St
op 2
.1 G
ilead
Ss
(Tor
ok F
m)
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
Ivis
hak
Riv
erIv
isha
k R
iver
Stop
2.2
Sea
bee
Fm
Stop
2.2
Sea
bee
Fm
turb
idite
s, H
ue S
hale
tu
rbid
ites,
Hue
Sha
le
equi
vale
nt s
ourc
e, &
equi
vale
nt s
ourc
e, &
basa
l Can
ning
Fm
ba
sal C
anni
ng F
m
stru
ctur
e,st
ruct
ure,
““ Sag
asha
k C
reek
Saga
shak
Cre
ek””
Stop
2.3
Can
ning
Fm
St
op 2
.3 C
anni
ng F
m
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
““ Sag
asha
k C
reek
Saga
shak
Cre
ek””
Stop
2.4
Sch
rade
r Blu
ff St
op 2
.4 S
chra
der B
luff
nonm
arin
eno
nmar
ine
to s
hallo
w m
arin
e,
to s
hallo
w m
arin
e,
Tool
ik R
iver
Tool
ik R
iver
2007
cam
p –
Gal
brai
th L
ake
2.1
2.2 2.3
2.3
2.4
-
Appendix A-1 167
CRETACEOUSTERTIARY
Stop
2.3
Stop
2.3 Ca
nnin
gC
anni
ngFo
rmat
ion
Form
atio
n
Mul
l et a
l., 2
003
-
168 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
Turo
nian
Sea
bee
FmTu
roni
an S
eabe
e Fm
Cam
pani
an C
anni
ng F
mCa
mpa
nian
Can
ning
Fm
basi
nal t
o to
eba
sina
l to
toe --
ofof-- s
lope
slop
efa
cies
faci
esba
sina
l to
toe
basi
nal t
o to
e --ofof
-- slo
pesl
ope
faci
esfa
cies
slop
e fa
cies
slop
e fa
cies
Stop
2.2
& 2
.3 S
eabe
e &
Can
ning
St
op 2
.2 &
2.3
Sea
bee
& C
anni
ng fm
sfm
s----
““ Sag
asha
k C
kSa
gash
ak C
k ””So
uth
limb
of A
ufei
s an
ticlin
eSo
uth
limb
of A
ufei
s an
ticlin
e
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3 Vie
w t
o ea
stVi
ew t
o ea
st
-
Appendix A-1 169
Stop
2.3
Can
ning
For
mat
ion
Stop
2.3
Can
ning
For
mat
ion
----““ S
agas
hak
Cre
ekSa
gash
ak C
reek
””C
ampa
nian
turb
idite
s C
ampa
nian
turb
idite
s co
nglo
mer
ate
sedi
men
t gra
vity
flow
sco
nglo
mer
ate
sedi
men
t gra
vity
flow
s
-
170 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
Stop
2.3
Can
ning
For
mat
ion
Stop
2.3
Can
ning
For
mat
ion
----““ S
agas
hak
Cre
ekSa
gash
ak C
reek
””C
ampa
nian
turb
idite
s C
ampa
nian
turb
idite
s co
nglo
mer
ate
sedi
men
t gra
vity
flow
sco
nglo
mer
ate
sedi
men
t gra
vity
flow
s
-
Appendix A-1 171
2007
DG
GS
2007
DG
GS
Tour
Loc
aliti
esTo
ur L
ocal
ities
Day
2D
ay 2
Stop
2.1
Gile
ad S
s (T
orok
Fm
) St
op 2
.1 G
ilead
Ss
(Tor
ok F
m)
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
Ivis
hak
Riv
erIv
isha
k R
iver
Stop
2.2
Sea
bee
Fm
Stop
2.2
Sea
bee
Fm
turb
idite
s, H
ue S
hale
tu
rbid
ites,
Hue
Sha
le
equi
vale
nt s
ourc
e, &
equi
vale
nt s
ourc
e, &
basa
l Can
ning
Fm
ba
sal C
anni
ng F
m
stru
ctur
e,st
ruct
ure,
““ Sag
asha
k C
reek
Saga
shak
Cre
ek””
Stop
2.3
Can
ning
Fm
St
op 2
.3 C
anni
ng F
m
turb
idite
s,tu
rbid
ites,
““ Sag
asha
k C
reek
Saga
shak
Cre
ek””
Stop
2.4
Sch
rade
r Blu
ff Fm
St
op 2
.4 S
chra
der B
luff
Fm
nonm
arin
e to
sha
llow
no
nmar
ine
to s
hallo
w
mar
ine,
m
arin
e,
Tool
ik R
iver
Tool
ik R
iver
2007
cam
p –
Gal
brai
th L
ake
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
-
172 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
CRETACEOUSTERTIARY
Stop
2.4
Stop
2.4
Schr
ader
Blu
ff Sc
hrad
er B
luff
Form
atio
nFo
rmat
ion
Mul
l et a
l., 2
003
-
Appendix A-1 173
Stop
2.4
Too
lik R
iver
St
op 2
.4 T
oolik
Riv
er ––
Schr
ader
Blu
ff Fo
rmat
ion
Schr
ader
Blu
ff Fo
rmat
ion
Shal
low
mar
ine
Shal
low
mar
ine
tops
ets
tops
ets
––sh
oref
ace
para
sequ
ence
ssh
oref
ace
para
sequ
ence
s
-
174 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
Stop
2.4
Too
lik R
iver
St
op 2
.4 T
oolik
Riv
er ––
Schr
ader
Blu
ff Fo
rmat
ion
Schr
ader
Blu
ff Fo
rmat
ion
Shal
low
mar
ine
Shal
low
mar
ine
tops
ets
tops
ets
––sh
oref
ace
para
sequ
ence
ssh
oref
ace
para
sequ
ence
s
-
Appendix A-1 175
Safe
ty C
onsi
dera
tions
. . .
Safe
ty C
onsi
dera
tions
. . .
Hel
icop
ter a
war
enes
sH
elic
opte
r aw
aren
ess
Roc
k ha
mm
erin
gR
ock
ham
mer
ing
Pay
atte
ntio
n to
thos
e be
low
you
Pay
atte
ntio
n to
thos
e be
low
you
Loos
e an
d fa
lling
rock
sLo
ose
and
falli
ng ro
cks
Wild
life
(bea
rs, f
oxes
, rap
tors
, etc
.)W
ildlif
e (b
ears
, fox
es, r
apto
rs, e
tc.)
Gra
tuito
us b
lood
y kn
uckl
e. .
.G
ratu
itous
blo
ody
knuc
kle.
. .
-
176 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
Tour
Sch
edul
e / L
ogis
tics
Tour
Sch
edul
e / L
ogis
tics
Sign
Sign
-- in s
heet
dur
ing
June
28t
h ev
enin
g ov
ervi
ew s
essi
onin
she
et d
urin
g Ju
ne 2
8th
even
ing
over
view
ses
sion
Bre
akfa
st s
tart
s at
~ 6
:30
AM
(7:0
0 A
M is
fine
too.
. .)
Bre
akfa
st s
tart
s at
~ 6
:30
AM
(7:0
0 A
M is
fine
too.
. .)
Pick
up
sand
wic
h an
d ot
her l
unch
fixi
ngs
Pick
up
sand
wic
h an
d ot
her l
unch
fixi
ngs
Hel
icop
ter s
afet
y br
iefin
gs (a
s ne
cess
ary)
at ~
7:40
AM
Hel
icop
ter s
afet
y br
iefin
gs (a
s ne
cess
ary)
at ~
7:40
AM
Con
ocoP
hilli
ps &
USG
S de
part
ear
ly fo
r Sto
p 1
Con
ocoP
hilli
ps &
USG
S de
part
ear
ly fo
r Sto
p 1
All
othe
r par
ticip
ants
dep
art a
t 8:0
0 A
MA
ll ot
her p
artic
ipan
ts d
epar
t at 8
:00
AM
Ret
urn
to c
amp
at ~
5:30
PM
R
etur
n to
cam
p at
~5:
30 P
M
(last
load
USG
S &
Con
ocoP
hilli
ps ~
7:0
0 PM
)(la
st lo
ad U
SGS
& C
onoc
oPhi
llips
~ 7
:00
PM)
Din
ner a
t 7:0
0 PM
Din
ner a
t 7:0
0 PM
Even
ing
Dis
cuss
ions
. . .
Even
ing
Dis
cuss
ions
. . .
-
Appendix A-1 177
Mid
nigh
t sun
on
over
turn
ed L
isbu
rne
Gro
up
Mid
nigh
t sun
on
over
turn
ed L
isbu
rne
Gro
up ––
view
from
Gal
brai
th L
ake
view
from
Gal
brai
th L
ake
-
178 PIR 2008-1 Preliminary results, fi eld investigations, Brooks Range Foothils & North Slope, Alaska
C. G
il M
ull –
poin
ting
tow
ard
the
“Doo
nera
kFe
nste
r”in
the
cent
ral B
rook
s R
ange