PROPERTY OF DGGS LIBRARY

CONTENTS . -0.

T ~ t t r r nf tnnmittal ...................................................... 1 ............................................................. Introduction 9

Itinfmly ............................................................ 10 AcknnwldpentR .................................................... 11

IIi~torirrrl sketci~ ......................................................... 12 . Di~mverp ............................................................ 12 h n l i o n 05 claims .................................................... 12 Neighboring c m k s ................................................... 12

GlacierCrcek .................................................... 12 Rnwld~r Creek ................................................... 12

.................................................... Nugget Crcek I 3 Itenr C w k ...................................................... 13

Prnt111c:tinn .......................................................... ES To-phy .............................................................. 14

Mnunhins ........................................................... 14 1)minahw ............................................................ I 4

Genlwy ................................................................. 15 Introduction ......................................................... 15 Sdimmtarim ........................................................ Ifl I a t n ~ u i v ~ ~ ........................................................... I 7 . h l i n ~ r a l ncct~rrrnce ................................................... 17 Glaci~lion ......................................................... 18

F m n o ~ n i e g w l ~ y ........................................................ 10 * Iliqtrilrt~tinn of mrilemn~ p r a v ~ h ...................................... 18

Cl~ i f i cnt ion nl plnmm ............................................... 10 Chamdrr of pm~els .................................................. 19 A m y e of san~plca .................................................... M h u n w of placcr gold ................................................. 20

Devclapmenta- ........................................................... 21 M p t i o n of claims ................................................. 22

Pownpinc C m k ................................................. 22 Delm clairn~ ................................................. 22 Cmnnton rlsirn .............................................. 22 J ) i ~ ~ ~ r e r y ~la i rn .............................................. 23 Mixrlairn ................................................... 24 Finl~y claim ................................................. 24

McKinley Creck ................................................. 24 rhishnlnt claim .............................................. 24 Iroodin rlaitn ................................................ 25

................................................. Other clairntr 26 N a w t Creek p1nvfn~ ............................................. 26

Creek ~ V P I R ................................................ % J3enrh d q o Aita ............................................... 27

3

mF . Rainy Hollow mining ditrtrict ............................................. 27 Methods ofminin~ ....................................................... 28

Gmmd elnicing ...................................................... 28 Hy~lranlirking ....................................................... 211 Mininghye1evaf.o~~ .................................................. B!F Fluire hoxea ......................................................... 2tt

............................................................ TVatEru~~ppIy 30 Fore~tR ................................................................. 30 trail^ md transportation ................................................. 30 Clinmk ............................................................... 31 Si181irnary ................................................................ 31 Index ................................................................... 33

Paffa PLATE I. Chiht Peninmla, looking 8011th from Mount RipineM ; Warnee BTjs

......................................... sion in the foreground 9 ................. TI. Map ahou,ing location of Pomqine pIacer W c t 10

111. View of Porcupine, Alaska . --_. --. . ----. . ----- .-. . - -- .--. - - - - - - - 13 IV. A, Porcupine Greek nt So. 1 above Dimvery chimi B, The head ........................... of Porrupina Creek, lnoking south--- I4

............................ V. Geologic map of vicinity of Porcupine 111 VI. A , Ber~rl~ (1~11mit on Crxnphn claim; B, IIih kqch de+f on

Woodin claim, McICinlelr Creek. ............................... IR VlI,J, &rge flnme, Dimvery claim; B, Rucket elevator and mmp

cut i n b bed mck, ~ m v e r y claim -------.----., e e e e e e e e e e e e e e - e 20 VIII. A, CEsim No. 1 above Di~covery; B, High I s ~ ~ c h d@t on Finley

plain) ......................................................... !22 IS. A, Chi~hnlm rlairn, 3fcKinleg Creek; B, McIZinIeg Greek Canyon,

helow TVodin d d m ----..--..,,.-.---------.---------.,-. 24 X. A, Hy~hmnlicging at the h d of Cattoon MB., B, Hydraulicking

................................ Iwnt:h d e p i t on W d i n claim 26 ................. Fin. 1. Map of Porc~rpine Cmk, ~l lnwing loation ~f claims 21

2. Nwtian ACKM Cmn~ton claim, homing side b n c h d@t ........... !B 3. Ftrtinn r l f 1'11n:upinrn Cm-k at the Finleyclaim ...................... 24

.................... 4. Section of McKinlq- Cmk at tho W d i n claim 26

THE PORCUPINE PLACER DISTRICT, ALASKA.

The Porcupine gold field, one of the most important placer districts of southenstern Alauka, lies in fi rugged mounhin belt dx~ined 1)y the Chilkrtt, a river emptying into Lynn Canal- Tho district embraces an area of about 101) sqnsrn miles, its ceutrnl point being approximately in latitude 5S0 9.5' and longitude 136" la'. (See map, P1. 11.)

Placer gold was disco%-ereti on Posctrpine Crrtck io 1898, and devel- opmcnts begun during the following year havo been continued to tlre present day, with a rapjd increase in the oatput of gold, which aggre- gates abut $460,O(X). T11e~o plncnrv lie close to the international l~undary, and their extens:ve dcveloptuent has been in a measure dependent on the find settlement of its Iocr~t~ion.

In 1899 the I+eological Survey ditipatchod nn exp,dition ta explore the northern front of the St. Elinv Ihnge and the hendwater.s of Xrhit;e and Tan~na rivers. This part,y, under the leadership of Mr. JT. J. l'etera, made i t s way inlnnrI by the Dulhn tlail, p~wsing clwe to the then newly discovcred gold ~ I W ~ P H of Porcupine, thus ewibliag Mr. Alfred El. BI-ooks, who was attnrb~d to the parby ns geologist, to make a curaory examination of a few of the clai~na on Porcupina Creck, the results of which were whserluently cmhodied in h i s report." The growing irnportancc of this district lod to a denland for a nlorw

systematic examination, and to this i nvestigmtion the writer w w assignad. He was instructed to make a reconnaissance of t8he entire field and to study its mineral rosourcea, geology, and development, as far ~5 time w u l d PI-mi t. Tho fieId work occ~~pied about three weeks, during which all claims on which any devclopmant work had bae11 done were visit~d. There were no opportunities for accurate surveya, hut as the region had fortunately been surveyed by the International Boundary Commission, it* contoured map was used as a base, and wm supplemented by foot traverse^.

*Bnmks. Allred H., A reconnatmance irom Pyramid Harbor to WIe City, A las t~ : Twenty-flnt Ann. Rept. U. S. Owl. Survey, pt. 2, IW, pp. 2%-376.

P

10 THE PORUWPINE PLAOELt ~IBTRIUT, ALABEA. burn. 2%.

ITINERARY.

Leaving Seattle on June 23,1903, Baiaes Mission, Alaska, was reached four days later. This m i ~ i o n , established in 1881; is pleasantly situ- ated 17 miles bdow Skagway, on the protected bay of Portage Cave, and is immediateIy surrounded by gently sloping land. Besidw the native village of about 80 huts, there are several trading stores, a drug store, a mmforhble hotel-the LLNorthern"-and large miasion buildin@. Tbe War Department is establishing an army post 1 mile south of the tom. A square mile or more of ground had already been cleared and barracks were being built at the time of the writer's visit.

From here the Porcupine gold field may be reached either by the Dalton trail, which starts at Pyramid Harbor, on the west shore of Chilht Inlet, or'by way of Cbilkat ltiver to the Indian village Klu- b a n , and thence up IClehini Rives, tt vest bmnch of the Chilkat, ta Porcupine.

The latter route was chosen, and two natives with a boat were engaged to mcend the Chilkat. It w w necessary, however, to wait for a favorable south wind, the 13pid current rendering it impossible even to pole upstream without the help of a sail. This delay g n ~ e time for an investigation of Chilkat Penins~lla, a strip of land extending 6 miles south of Haines Mision (see PI. I), and in times past staked by prospectors for gold, copper, and iron, though nothing worthy of development ~ R B evw kwn found. The muntry rock ia a much- contorted data, with intrusive masses of nearly blmk pyroxenite and bornblendite carrying an abundance of magnetic iron ore.

The portage of 1 mile to Pyramid Point, on the Chilht, vlas made on the morning of June 29. Head winds encountered there made it necessary to pole the canoe dong thc shore for several miles to a point abve the Chilkat village, Yendestaka, at the head of tide water. This slaw mocle of progressian permitted a study of the outcrops along the east bank, which were composed of dark intrusive rock similar to that exposed farther ~011th on ChiIkirt Peninsula. The valley of Cbilkat River between Yendestaka and Pjframid Point broadens to folm McClellan Flats, a tide-water area of numerous cl~annels and sand bars, approximately 2 milw wide. Above Kicking Horse and Takhin r iv- ers, t r i b n h r i ~ from the we&, the valley decreases in width and the river is divided by many w d e d islands. There is a marked con- tmst between the rounded, barren mountains to the mst and the rugged, broken peaks, mostly covered with snow and glaciers, to the west, nlthough on both sides of the river the mountains rise to an elevtttion of 4,000 to 6,000 feet.

Fifteen miles above Yendestaka is the amall Indian village of Hat- kwaltu (place of the gulls), on the east bank of the river. Six miles above KatkwaItu is Klukwttn (the old town), at the mouth of Mmon

River. This point is E milts. aq the crow flicq from Haines Mimion, though I)>* the river roub the octnal t r n ~ ~ j i n g distance is at 1~x.t 30 miles. A populatinn af 543) wm w ~ r t e d hem in 1980, hut at p r ~ w n t the total is Ipsq thsn IW. rind this n n l ~ dt~rinp: the wintcr mon tbs. A mile and a half hyond is: JVcllu Post, R station of tho N o r t l r w e ~ t ~ m mounted police, on the Canadian side of whet war then tho proviuional 'houn&~. A mining recording ofico war c-staMished hem in 1900 for the benefit of the prospectom of Hniny IIollow arrd Renr Cmck tlis- tricts. The former lies 25 miles up K l ~ h i n i Kirrr, whit+ ~ n t e r a the Chilkat from the west nt this p i n t : the IntEPr, ln miltis up the Chil- kat. The eshhlishrnent of the 1mundnry further inlnnd, however, ha4 since led to the withdmwnl of th in shtion. At this post the night was spent, the Iloqpitnlities of the arml, Iwfng. ~xtendtd to the writer hy Captain Rant.

The following tuarning (June :-la) thn I n c l i ~ n ~ wcro d i e p k h d with the bagpage up tho Kleliini to Forrupillc! 1)y rrlnoe, while the writer crossed ChiIkat River and took thc: trail, f d l o w i n ~ t.ho north h n k of the Klehini for 10 miltw and than crosring t,ho I-ircr to tho town on the soutll slope of tho rallry,

Porculpin~, n nlining cthlnp 550 f e ~ t nhovo 8rm Irvcl, is ~FtllatCd on n bent-h r~tmut n h ~ l f rniln I~rtck from tho rivllr. The town, of &hut 81) perRonH, consists nf I1nlkrn7s t t d i n g ~ t o r r , thc Lindsny Hofxl, nnd n dozan or mom 1wu.rcl.r and log cnbinrr (nee PI, 1 IF). Dtlring the minter rllontha i t ia pwticnlly draertcd, uwing to thc heavy snowfr~II, which prevents all opcmtionn.

After having ~ i v e n two week^ tn a study of tho placcw of Porctl- pine Urmk, duly I8 zlnd 19 were devoted to Nugget Crcek, IL trihutmry of Sdrnorb Hirrr 2?I niilev nhorr! ih mouth.

An ~ I I D data coH~cted during the ft.w wnekr ~ p c n t in tho rli~trict nrp far from complrts, R full description of the p;oology and minetvll resources of tlw rpginta I1n5 not h e n atten~ptrtl in thin r~port. X6vp.r- thelem it is hopd that it a~ay prow uaef 111 to thoso who aro derelop- ing tbe district.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

The writer wishes to expms his gnit itudc for the hmpihlities and aid extended to him by the m a n pruspt~torr and mincm of tllc m ~ i o n . Though it aro~lld he impolsibl~ to ~ i r - r the nRmw of nlll, he is under special ohliptians to C ~ p t . d. 31. O'Clannor, of Mninr~; Mr. E. D. Nanley, Mr. S. IT. Mix. and JIr. C. P. Chhmn, of E3nmupine; Mr. Guy- Lewis, of X u g p t Creek. nnd Captain ?rlcDonsId nnd Dwtor Fraser, of Plekwnt C~inlp. ?1e is alro ni~rrh ind~hterl for r n n n valr~cd suggwt.ions to Dr. Art bllr C. Spncrrr, of t bo l'rrit~rl S t n t ~ s G ~ o l ~ i w l Surrey, under w h w penern1 clircction the inv~*t ipt ian wntl carried out.

DISCOVERY.

Placer mining in tho Porc~rpine district dates from the summar of 1848, when locatiorra wem m d c hy Messrs. Mix, Finley, and IViley. These men, en ro~rto to the interior, took the Dalton trnil,'llut, owing h high water and lnck of provisions, were obliged to halt when only 15 miles up Klehini Kiwr. They camped near lhwlder Creek, a trib- utary fro51 the northwest, nnd found traces of gold in the stream gravels, Fording tbe Rlohini to Porcupine Creek, a mile almve Rowl- der, they discovered richer g~avels and obtained smrrll nuggets of gold. After locating Discovery and the three claim% above, which have ~ince proved tu contain the riahast dcposibs ill tha district, they returned t;o Haiuea Mimion to record tboir clnim6: and obtain wapplie.4. A4 it rasukd these rli~covsrics ncnrly a thoiisand prospectnm are s l id to bsve vi4ted this ureek during tho rrut~lrnn of 3898 and the spring of 1899. In -thn summer of IHW, J'orcupin~, hnd a popultltion of 200, and plvbhhlg as many more were m p e d nlongthe vnrious ~treamv near by.

LOCATION OF CLAIMS.

Crnek claims, 1,500 by 600 fmt, wverr stnk~t? cl the bead of the Polqcnpine rmd i t s tributaries, McKinley. >lnrI)le, and C;~+zly creeks, and a nunl-rer of bench claima were I m h l nn tht! I~illsides, some of them serernP hundred feet above tba ewek lmttom. Othcr tributaries to Jitehioi Kiver were proupcctrd and many lcrcationht mads, though the majority of these hnvo since heen nb~ndonntl, partly because of their p o d ion on the Canarlisn side of the pn)vi.rional I~or~rrdnrj~ of 1900.

NEIGHBORING CREEKS.

Of tho creeks temporarily undtlr Chnndian jurisdiction, Glacier is thcmost iniportaatand the only ona that bss bean carefully prospected or that hns given promise of success. This cl-eek was pmtiwlly all Imted under the Alnskan regul8tions before the adoption of t.he modua vivendi, by which Americans were ~IEowed to hold previously locntad claims, but owing to the uncertainty of conditions it ha nerer been thoroughly dcvelolxd. Those who did their nnnurlt mse~sment *ark have bcm pleased with the results obtained. The recent bound- ary decision throws Glacier Creek into Aiaskan territory, and this will probably Itad to activity during the season of 1904.

Bowlder Creek enters Klehini Kiver from She north, opposite Por- cupine C ~ m k . ITcre likewkw a number of claims were staked under

V I E W OF PORCUPINE. A L A S < ~ .

Almkan wgulntionir, hut no derelopmenh were made, and no rlaims are hpld at present. CioltE mwurs in the p v e t s of this creok, but prohhly not in st~tficicnt quantity to warrant mining operationa.

Numot Creek, s trihubry of Wlmon (Tsirh~) River, lies nhout SO milca from Klukwan ~ n t l +; from I'orcupine, wrom tho divido from McKi~~loy Cmk. I t wsc ddisco~ered in 189!r 11y C. )I. Anwny, who ftnt found gold ~ l o n ~ the h n k s of Salmon River, and later d iwvcmd coamo old i r r Imth Nugget and C o t t m w d cmeks, on which ha located claims. I)evelopmeot work - not undertaken anti1 l!~rlS.

BEAR CREEK.

The l ~ s t of the known gold fields in t . h ~ Chilkat Rminnge b i n is Bear Crcek, a western tributnry of Chilltnt R i r ~ r , 4 0 milcs north of Cbilkat Inlet. Fifteen miles above its mouth J l o ~ r C m k is joined from the wcst by Clmr Creek. Hoth of thrse ~tmnms rnr~scscd cxcitc- mrnt in I W , but hare not thus frir lwcn protfurtire. Th is h a l m n cl~irfly due to the difficcrlh'cs in controlling high wnhr in tho crwks, the oatrcnlc depth of I d rock, und thr. prrsnnvn nf quickwnd. Them nre till R few minors on th~nc ~ttrrlm.r, nnd t hn f ~ c t that, the!. r c n ~ ~ i n ~uggests thc presence of pynMr grrtvol. Tl l js awn is now A l w k ~ n territory and many clairns btkrr! h r n ~.cnt&cd 11p Amerimas, who will begin operations in the npri ag of l!IOS.

PRODUCTION.

The ~ l d pl.orluction of t.hn plnc~r d i g ~ n g s on Porcupine Crcek ~lnd its trihuh1.ie.s nitlcc tllei 1' d iw~brer.v in 1P!M hhs [ m n ~pprnxilllfit~ly as fa1 lows:

h ! r l prndtttV;ott ?$!!I? f ' m e p i n ~ ~0y;on to t/ntc.

14 THE PORCUI'JRE BLACEB DlSTRrCT, ALASKA. E B n m

The mountains of the Porcupina district are na eastern wing of t.he lofty St. Eliw R a n p . Viewing t.lrn region from one of the summits the p n e m I -pet i* t h d of R high p ~ a k ~ u disected by numemus deep and narrow vnlleyn. Tha crtrrrr~unding pnnks are n ~ g p d find precipi- bus, from 5,m HI to 7,5W foct it) clevntion, halow which plwiers and fields of snow fill thc uppermost parla of tho ya1ley.s and canyons. The rnourihin slopes, which rino grndunlly, with no ahnipt lxnchw or terraces, have all h e n rounrlctl hy ~iloving iw, ~ n r l there is evi- dence to show that all but tha higheqt p a k ~ were onct! burjekl beneath a mntinuous field of ice and snow.

DRAINAQR.

Of the many rivers entering Lynn Crlnlel the Chilknt is the Imp&, dminitlg, with it tributaries, the country within 60 miles of i b mouth at Chil kat Jnlet. Most of i t s water^ cornc! from mcIt,inp glariem snd snow fieldn. Near its h a d it Tuns througll rl mnpon-likr \.allep rxtonding down to t h ~ ! mouth of h r C m k , R w ~ s t r r n trih~ittlry, Iri~t iron1 thin point flow^ in msnp rhnnnels over a brmd gmvrl flnt. I t hn.1 Ib~ril t a dalh 2 miles wide st its mouth and is slowly tilling t ~ p the h d of t hr! inl~t. The mtetn slap of it- lower basin is wry abrupt snd is chnr- nrtrrizwl Iby roundwl peaks of intrusive mrks, nvcra~ing 5,5lH1 f e ~ t in clevntion, mbile to the west the hmnk rism tn H (Ienwly w d ~ d ridgn of 1,5(M feet elrvntion, cornpod mninly of ~ 1 ~ t e . lmck of w hi& I L ~ R

high, snow-mvc?rrd mountains. 'I'he most important trihz~taries of Chilkst Rirrr nro thn Kl~hini,

t h ~ % I ~ o R (Ts irk~~) , nnd thc Takbin, namml in o r d ~ r of ninc. 'I'llo tiwt namcd is H mpid river. arernging 11H) feet in width nnd ~nrrly cxcecd- in^ 6 feet in depth. Eigbteerr miles fmm its mouth it, like- the Chilkat, c.hnnps fmm n grnvcl tiIled valley a quarter of a mile or more in width to R compmtir~lc . narrow, stcepaided canyon, ItR W R ~ R ~ ~ r n seldom confined to one stream, but are divided by rnmy gravel hra into R network of interlavin~ channels. It3 muin cb~nnel is mntinrt- ally shifbing, reodnrina cunoeing or wiling up the river diflict~ft to tho in~xparieneeti navipbr. Aunnp of tht? amid ter streams, flow- ing at right males t,o the river, are glmier-fed mountain torrents, too etnep tlnd mpid for Canom, t~nd oftcn impowible to ford during high w~tcr , oven nrmr thcir sources.

At the mouth oS Porcupine Crack is a grnvet d e p i t extending I mile to tha w m t w ~ r d and lying from 60 ta RO feet ~hnrc? t be river bed; t h i ~ ciepvsit. probhlp rcprments a former d@F ta of the c r d , having been built up when tha river wns at that height. On tbis termce t be town of Porcupine h been built.

.1. P"RCUPl!qE C R F I * ' .. 1 . 1 ( . . .

r t l m ~ ~ . ~ T Q P O C J ~ AND C ~ E O L O ~ P . 15

Chilkat Lake, at the mouth of 8nlmon Rivor, and two other lakes which f i l I b i n s at ele.vations of 1,200 and 800 feet in the hills j u ~ t e ~ g t nf Porcupine, lrre prolmhf~ tho result of damming, aither by glacial ma~nineg 01- by nllnvisf gravels.

The accompnyiag map (PI. UJ, giving t h ~ n i ~ i n watcrco~ims and their tributnriea, is taken for the most T R I ~ fmm tho unpublished map nlndc by the Boundary Survey Comtninsion in 1RP9, though a few nec- eHsary corrections bave heen made as wcumtcly ~8 possih1~ frtm foot traverses and topopphic s k ~ t c h ~ s .

INTRODUCTION.

The geologic raconnsiasanee of uouthcastmn Ala.skua has led to the recopition of certain fairly wolI-dcfincd bfil!lG of rocks extending parallel ta the coast line, which havo R striking lithologic uniformity long the extension of ltheir striko. Tho p e a t igneous complex which forms the coantt.p rock of the Coast Rnngo i~ the best dehed of these belts, stretching from Rribish Calumhia throughout outh hew tern Alaska. While tho dorninnting rock of this mam is of a granitic appxrttnw, find rmrc so dcsi~nntrbd 1ty Drtwson%and other^. rnic~.o~capic ~t.udics have shown it to Jl t ' nwrc closeIy related to dioritic m k s . West of this C w t b n y c r igneous belt a m found metamosphic rock^ of various types which will pmhsbly eventually Ire differentiated into e nurnhr of formation^. The n e of these mebmorphic hrmaea is not dcfinikly d~kl-mined, but probably falls largely in tbo Palcoaoic.

Tho nrca undrr discurnion corktains b t h s~dinlentrrry hed~, usually con~idc~nhly ~nctarnerphascd and probably f~llling into t.he above- descrihod Bone of ttltercd elastics, and igumus intntG3ives of the Coast b n ~ w zzeno.

Tho gcncral distribution of the sedimenhq- find intmsire rocks of this region is shown on tho accompanying poEogia map (1'1. V). The Porcupine district lies R few miles south west of thc Coast Range dio- ritic belt, which ia here about 80 miles mross. Adjm~.n t to this on the south is s zone, 8 rniIes wide, occupied principally 1)y metamorphic black slates, phyll ib, and limestones, with ~trongly developed clew- a p pmllel to the general northwest-~ot~thc~~t trend of the diorite (tontact, this also the general directpiion of Hlehini Valley. This aedirnentar~ series is limited on the ~ o u t b by an outlying band of dio- rib from 2 to 4 miles i n width, also ~triking northwest and southeast. This diorite band narrows toward the sout.he~t, extending in this direc-

u Brmke, Allred H..Pretiminq -1-1 on the KeWbllPnn rninhh? dhtrict, AlaLR: Prof. Paper 0.8. Geol, Survey No. L1W- Spnwr. knhnr C!.. The Jnnenti mid belt: Bnll. C. s. W. Survey Ha. 226, 19W. pp. 2M3. hDawmn, 0. M., Repwt on m exfllnratlm In thc Snlm d b t d c t md northern Bdbh ColtmbiR:

Pintb Ann. Rept. Geol. R u m $ Lkndn, vol. 8. pL 1.1W4, p. 1's.

16 THE WRCVPTNF: PLACER ntsl R ~ C T ~ AI IASKA. I R U ~ L . 2w.

tion only ts~ Salmon Riscr, where it dimppar-. Porcupine nnd othor p ld-har ing cmks of this district lie m~in1.v in thn .*d irn~ntnry rocks, though their u p p r portions cut into thc? diosik lmnrl h tho nnath, This land has h e n tbt: murcr nC tfie I n r p Imvldern c:ontaincd in the creek wnsh (PI. TI).

SEDIMENTARIES.

Tie sdin~cntsry mcb, heflort! rrtntcd, consist nP n mriw of ~letrrn with i t ~ k r I d d ~ d l i n ~ r ~ h n o . '1'110 n l i ~ k a nre n~o~lt~ly black; HOMO of t h ~ m PO^ t and rivh in gmphitr., othtrr~ llnrd and ilin ty, w l~ i la adjacent to thr limrntonc Fa*tld t hvy nm una~1Fy mom or I P W ~ I G A ~ C O ~ I B , The l inlewtone~ arrl sronwti~nm fowsiI hc~rring, l a ~ t nn n nil0 t h y show ovi- rlence of considenrlvlc dy anrnic action, which k l r ~ contort~d ~ n d pressed tha ~hel lg wo thnt i t i* difficult to r r ~ o ~ n i z r their originnl form. Tho genernl ~trikt? of tht? ~adirnmtnrioa in 5. fin-' lv., dip pin^ 7jD NE., though this w~rica grw~t~ly. Tlla hedr am of kn ar in kled and folded, I r u C ttpp~wntly nn lr .mlnll smla, as no rcpt i t ion of group of strrltrr was oI~.qy,rv~rd, ISIN? dioritc contact u a ~ d l y foFlowa tlia utmtificatioo, thougll in nonla pfltcc~ tho intrusive nlasscs ~ I - W W L I ~ the slate@. Sext to tho dioritn tho nlmtc hus lmm b ~ k ~ d nntl rltrmd to a llinty horn- ~ t o n a for f i widtll of gcvrml h r ~ n d r ~ d f ~ c t . S i n ~ i l i ~ r l ~ the l i r t~~~tnnc! h n d ~ have also ~ntTcr~d nl t~nttion to 11.1l i t~ finp-gmind r~s t s l l inr mnd)lr. A good rxamplo of this is nhown j~itlt Im*k of Plwmnt Camp (Spa map, PI. V).

A ~rnrrll L ~ I I C C ~ ~ O I I of f m s i l y mtherrd from a stmturn of lirnwtnn~ on Porcupine C1-r~k wr.m dcknait~ed to tw of lower Lhrlmnifrrnn~ R R P ~ hp Dr. G . H. liirty, of the United States Geological Survcy. The foilon-ing in sn alrstrnct f t ~ his rppr t , :

The inrn~s idrntifiptl are: tkinoithl Imgrn~ntR. Flpirifrr strintu~. P r n d o ~ h latiwirnm. CnmnmpF~r~ri~~ 7 ~ p . h l o c t o w ~n~izvticalatne.

Thr a p is dpsirly Garbonilem~, and though I l ~ s p i t ~ t o to offmt R IuHh~r opininn npnn a fauna whirh is moreor lm stmnge, I M i e v e t l ~ ~ t it i s o[ lrrwer C~rlmni l~rons rrpe. TIIP fauunal Em, however, ia that ool the lowar Chrhenitr!mus af t h ~ sent tbrmt, nnd not that of the Mimisippi Vniley and Eastern Bttltrs. X hlievtl tttnt it in to 1s correlateti with the l ~ t e r portion of the lnwer Pnrhnnifnrou~ of the hli~~i~~ipl\I Ynlley, nr ppen that it is m m ~ w h a t Fonnpr. J m ~ r Carlmnilcrona Ilorixnrra I I N W mlwnrly 1-11 reported from .\lmlxa, hut the p m n t Iaona in not pmciscly the vnmp HR nriy n l t h m M far dimwrwl.

I n R report on the Kefchikaa mining district Mr. R r o o k ~ "ccnll~ n t h - tion to a coral found in the dEbria of Dirt Gl~c ior of Olwinr ring, wtlich was debmined by Jlr, .%Schuchert t ~ q lhelanging to the Cnr- hnifemus rre. 'This district, however, is 40 milcn ~o~ l t l t of ~ W U -

anm~kq. ~llM E., hvltmlnarp t e p ~ t on the Kecchlkan talnlt~g dlstrlrt, Alnska: Prof. Pnpot, O. s. Gwl. Rumey No. 1,lW.

pine, and a.9 the intcrt-ming ~ w k s nrc unknown, R correlation of the sedimentary fomation~ in the two alms ir Ilxrtlly advisabla without nlorc thorough investigntion.

INTRUSIYES.

The rock of tho Coast ItRa~m jintru~ive belt in this region b mainly a roar*-grained diori te of R light-g11y coIos, rompset1 of pllngioclwe feldrcpar, hornblende, soma hiotik. and A little quartz, though speci- mens collected f wm dil'lerent plsccn v q r in composit.ion. The main maws north of Klebini River correclpnds with the description ahor-e. Tho narrow bd t at the hend of I'orcupine Creek oootainp more. biotite, and scgreptions of hornblende end rnirx are often prominent, causing I n r p dark s p t , which RPR IOCRIIJ~ ch~m4-teristic. The continuation of this belt to the mt at Cottonwood Creek is chamcterised 1 ) ~ a microclino feldspar Rod s larger amount of qua*&. LTnder tbe micro- scope aomo of tha minertlla H ~ O Reen to hare hen ernshed, indicating that ~ i n c o the intrusion of the diorih they hare been mbjectet2 to pregsure and movement. This diorite rock is locally termed granite, which it rmn~bles very closely nn~i from which it ma be distinguished only by c.arcft11 examination.

In tho contra1 part of the scrEimentary wries there are even11 cross- cutting gmonstone dikes, n v e ~ n g i ~ ~ g 10 feet in width and often trace- aMe for uevord hundred fwt. Thr.y nre green in color, fine grained, often porphyritic, and under the microscope mere determinrd to be altored d i t l h n , orc~~ionaFly mineralized. The relatire ~ g e s of the dirtbase and tilo diorite could not 110 detorrnined, R* the two were not found in contact.

On the north h n k of tho Klehini, ~semingly interbedded in the a l ~ t e , there ia R greenstone wbi.rt fornling a I I ~ ahout 40 feet wide. Asjdc from this IIO ~chistt: wclr observed i ~ t the district.

MINERAL OCCURRENCE.

The sdimentary rockw hiire 811 h e n moro or less mineralized hy ~tringcm and veins of r~r~artrz and calcite, hut nn especially noteworthy irupregnat<ion of iron ~ulphidr* fn~ltts tin it~terrupted zone of mineral- ixatiotr in tbe southcrn po1-tion of tllc ~etlimcntary ~ e t i e ~ . Tho sul- phihs in the elntes occw t ~ q tiln~s or fr~cluentl~ us letltic~~lar masses s few i n c h e ~ in width, palnllel with ths betiding. Two mmples of the nlineralinod ~ l n t e ~ , ono an arerhp wroNu seve1-d Q e ~ t ~ n d the other f t o ~ n rr rich seam, p r e resp>crtivnly $0.41 and $9.48 per ton in gold. SRrnplcs from near the mouth of tho Porc~lpinc, whero the slates are ~pparontly unmineralizarl, takon 11 Mr. Rrookn during his short visit to this rclgion in 1H99," g a v ~ tr.r~c,e~ O€ both ~ m l d find silver.

18 TEE PORCEWXE PLAOER DTRZa.ICF, ALASKA. [mu.

The qnarb reins am not very abundant, and tw t4 srula are &oft and sm~U, often merely stringers parallel with the RCFUC~IIFO of the sletea. A few which cat directly across t ht: formntion carry pleas and R ~ ~ H I - erite, with a small amount of chalcopyrits, and, though quite narmw, often perkt for considemblo distances. Calcite vcins, which aro more numerous than t h m of quartz, are usllslly n fmt or mom in width, and are often weathered Eo a light-brown color on tba ~urbwe, while of s hlni~h cnlor and fine mnnlnr structure when fresblp broken. They often mrry cnhes of which m i o n a l l y rn& ure an inch WPORS. From veins of this nrrturo up McKinley Crwk sonra natire gold bas l m ~ n reported.

&sides thn small veins a quartz ledge 100 feet wide outcmp at an . elev~tionof2,Cx)(,f~etontherid~esoutbofPom11pine. Although

a p ~ r e n t l p c~nite harrpn, s small wrnple from this ~ P C an m a y value of 85.28 in gold. A ~imilar 1dg~ m u m wrw'fhe Klebini at 1,6CKI feet cloration, on the r i d p west of h w l d e r Creek. Ahout 2 miles hnlow Porcupine i~ a third m i n ~ d i r x d d c p i t rich in sulpbid~d, with 1ca1cit.a tw gangue m i n e d , hut R mmpla taken hcre gave an wsay valuaof only 41 mnts. Theso diflersnt Idgcs Lare aal t k n loartd and mlurated, ~ n d on aome aqww~rnent work 111ic ht1t.n done, hut none huve been developd, owing to tmnxprtation di ficulticv.

E~ideara of f i n e d glaciation wm found over the v t e r part of tIla a m explomd, Ohrvntionir how f b ~ t tho entire diatrih w w formerly corer4 hy ls field of ira nirnilnr to that now exj~t ing to tha nort,h of Muir Glseier, with only tbo high~nt, most r u ~ g e d p k e protrndiag. Thc gmkd altitude a t which tho action of ice wae ohn*ccl wae 4,5Mk feet, on Granite Mountain juat west of Ihwldrrr Creek. The main dissect.ion bf the conntrp is attributed to w ~ t e r erosion

prc~iioua to the GluriILI epoch, but many of the t o p p p h i u features, such aa rounded r i d p s and wide V-~hnped valleya, are ettributnble to the action of ica. Of wpcial i n t e r e ~ t nm the high gmvel-filled chan- nels on the mountnin ~ l o p c s several hundred feet rihovn the present c m b . 'The* channels Iinve probably b ~ a n fnrnid hy R, field of moving ice, which cut troughs into thn h d m k along the trend of the eoftar j~ltarhecldcd nlah n t m h , During the ratrcnt of the ice from the vrtlleya gravels wew d e p ~ i t e d in thew r:hnnnela, which, owing to later erosion of the creek fmttoms, ht l~o been loft at high elevntions on the valley elopes. At shout 200 feet elevutio~l abovn the prwnnt creek, on the south h n k of the McKinley, a depo~it in one of thmo channels is being hydmalicked. This is crmsed by the present creek canyon, exposing R good section of tho grrrvol bed (PI. VI, J3).

The concentration of gold in tho platlel-8 hw no dauht been go ing on in the different s tmwm evor siaca their lower alley^ wem mated by

.4 BEIICC JEPCJII' ON C R A N S l O N CLAIM b'. HIGH.BEI.(CW ilpEPr3':IT fIh' ' fJObOlN CLAIM. McUlNLEv C R E E K

streams of im, Previom to melting, the glaciem warn meinly ending, and few, i f any, local deposits could have heen f o m d until they bogan to retreat. Au they grad11dQ diaappred, the materials which they ground off from the bed roclr, with other debris furnished hy tributary streams, b v e heen concontrnted in the creek b d s by 'the sort in^ actha of flowing xater, thuw fnrming wluabIe placers.

DISTREBUTEON OF AURIFEROUS GRAVELS.

Tho geologic map (R. V) r;howps tho diutribution of tho gold- beating gravels. It wilt lm obwmed that the d e p s i t ~ wttlally pro- dncing goId are cvnfindv to bhe creeks which crosscut the acctw of niincralixed slates, and that ncighhring valleys contain no valmblo amoanB of gold. The aurifarous g m ~ e l s on the Porc~ipina extend to tho junction of McKinley Creek and up this trihutrtry for ir clistsnco of

. 1 miIo. Gold is limited to tbn lower claims or? Nuggrt Creck, and a similar occarrenco may J'ho expected on GImier Creek, thougli this har not been suficientig prcmpoctsd to dnhrmino t,ho lorn1 distribution. The grarelrt of the tril~utaries entering Klchini Kivcr from the north are believed to bo of no economic importance.

CLASSIFICATION O F PLACERS.

Thare are t'breo t y p of gmrel deposit in the Porcupine k i n - creek gravels, ~ i d e benches, and high henches. The creck gravels fill the present channel to various depths and mn not he definitely seiep~- rshd from tho ~ i d e benches or gmvel hnnkv which rise in places 20

. snd 30 f s ~ t nhove the stream. 'I'bo high p;ravels mnpy portions of fomnr c1ianncls which jn some places hure bean pmwrved and in othcm F I R D ~ Jxen cut out by tho downwar(1 erosion of the streams.

The first of these side-bench depsikq, st No. 2 below Disco\lcry, in an exbnsivr! gravel bed on the ertst side, 25 feet ~ h v c tho crook. Rich gravels occur at high benches 80 fcet almve the creek nn tho fir& t h l w claims above Discovery, nnrl R similar deposit bas Imon foi~tld on the south bank of McKinley Craek, three-quarters of a mi10 from iL3 month, at an ~Fevation of 200 foet. Of the above types t.ho cmek grwele, as those found on Zliacorery clnim and thosc near tho mouth of McKinley Creek, are of greatest, value.

CHARACTER OF GRAVEL..

The stream and bench ~ V C I H consist mainly of a h e wwh contain- ing worn slab and fragplenb of ~ lete , and rorrnded howldertl ofha 2 OF 3 feet in diampkr, mostly of diorite, witb some grecnstanc. In the upper part ion^ of the creeks the gravel wnsh hccomes coarser and more anplar. Thare &re no miteriala iin tho gravels whicl~ conEd not have been derived from the Grainage basin in whioh they occur,

20 T E E PORCUPINE PLACRR DTRTRICT, ALA8gA. I-m-

ASSAYS OF SAMPLES.

Hardly enough material WIM b~knn to reliable commercial tests, hut the presence of golc1 in a11 the rmmplerr indicstes the tldris- ability of c ~ r e f t ~ l proqweting for lode depnib. The following list g i v e the m y values of wveral .sample8 from qllnrte 1edgeq7 min- emIiP,eri slates, etc., in the vicinity of Porcupine:

Thaugh a largo amount of hlack mnd has been thrown awsy in the past, jib value is now gynemlly recognized. Tbe teat given ruerely emphatrkes t h ~ wastefulness of tha rough metl~oda of mining wMd1 have hcen employed. The sttraplo marked ":glac.id mud, Cmnstnn claim," was taken from tr Iaycs of rock flr~ur and small pbhlw, severs1 feet thick, occurring between two he& of grav~l . Too much impr- b e e , however, must not be placed u p n thc hiah m.wy nf t.hi3 matcrid, wbich was taken at hsphamd, hut i t nuggesk dhnt ~rirefu1 t ~ w h of the secalled glacial muds ~hould h mdo.

1 811nr / VUua. / M l t y .

SOURCE OF PLACER GOLD.

-

1

2

3 4

6 6

7

The gold from ~orcubiae h s i n iu well warn md flattened, w:urring in flakes or mall nuggets, and is hut m~ely rough end irregutsr. Tts assay valuw ere reported to vary from W1R.SI;O on RIeKinleg Creek to 817.90 on the lower portion of Pomctpina Cmck. I t ir of r i bright j-eliow color, though some of the tiner gold on t h~ lower clnirns hns u dull hron~y appearsnco, Kuggcts of an ounce weight are not umwrtal, and one piece is reported weighing 8 ouncea.

It is generally hIieved by tho discoverer^ nnd operator8 that the gold of Porcupine and Nugget creeka hw been hrougbt f ronl solno dis- tant source. The supwed nmessiky of this view is urged from t,he coarseness and worn mndition of the nuagehi, and from t8ho ahnonce of co~rao gold and of more than small amounh of free metal in any of tho 1ocaI veina. The importance af these fuch can not bo o ~ ~ o r l o ~ k e d in

m.ycr1On.

0.13

.[)Z

-26

. 06

.02

1.10

288. Q

Mineralizwl #lato, Pon:upine Creek. Mineralixcd date1 mile rl~~rthot M~srwmtCmp.

qunrtn lwl$p m rid^ back of Porclipinc. LRV quart* l e d p ori north hank of Rlehinl

Rl ver. PmppCt 2 ~rtikm m ~ t of Pornnpine. Glaciat mud, CmnPrton claim; sample h k s n

ut ranrlo~n. Black mnd cnnwlntrab, from duice hlrea,

PJulffc t C?mk. ---- ----A

C k . p e r l 0 M .

0. OR

Tram. Ttare.

. IM)

None. . a4

68.32

m loa.

12.48

, I1

5.37 I . llf

.41

32.715

6, W. 3

atbmptinr tn dct~rminr t l~r origin of thr p l d . hut it is difficult to ~lron t h ~ pssihiFity 01 any ot~t9idt. origin, 1 ~ 1 1 ~ I h~ dqm~itw Rrr so linlitrul irk rxttrnt, If the p n v ~ P s , with tlwir. gr3Irl ronte~ltn, hnrl l w n I~rtruplit into I h ~ m CCI'I'P~S 1y glwirm, f h ~ w wo~tld lw no rrrwon for the o l w s v d con- crw t mtinn in onn ~t m m nnd t l ~ v nl~mnce of golrl in adjn- nrnt gulrh~u. 'I'his and t l r ~ fnct tlmt puy ~ m v r l ~ nre not for~nd in tllr uppm portionn nf t hn gold-lwnrirlg r reeks rrhw thn rninr-ntlizrrl ~ l n t w ~ , Ilor i n tho rlioritr! Iwlt, ~lrnnglg HIIWR~A thnt t h ~ gold ~ R H lwrn ~Inrivtr~l f roni t h.r ~tlrrnunding rnuntry rru'k.

't'lm proMem is q~itr! ~ i n ~ i - lar to that prewntml thc nurif~mus g m v ~ 1 ~ of the 1 in t~r ior and of S w a r d Pm- insula, where t hr lorn1 wnrce r ~ f the kmld tnncent~.~trd in tho plwrrs i~ 11nlln11y ac- cepted.

y n t u d mnbinR nncl m- rortrentmtinn of tllr nurifrr- OUR h n c h deprwif~ Iry KIII:III tril~uhry ~t~rmntn h w con- trilmhd R Inrga anlolirlt nf p l d 2 0 the g~ l lch grnv~ln. r - 1 hrr cxplain~ 1 t ~n n r c ~ r r w ~ ~ m of rich d ~ p i h in plth4llr.il

and thr inr~ulrrr dirtrit~u- tion of p l d irl Cht* ~mw1 h~tl9.

33lCVEMmZETYTH.

pine. Crwk it1 19!W-!r!3 l ~ ~ t C I ~ U W .

little d e r ~ l o p m ~ r ~ t undert~kvr~ 11t1t il 19~0, 'IF~IPR F C Y P ~ I cldm

22 TEE PORCI'WINI? PLACER DTRTRZCT, ALASKA. l m m ~ .

holders bonded or I c i ~ . d tbeir properties, while others formed com- pniw in order to opemk on R large wale. The ronditiona tn Im met require tr fitill £u&her mmhin~tim of inkamstir for economio exploit* tion, and negotiations am now bring mnrle to b r i n ~ the entire C T P ~ ~

under ra single rnanngament. The extendre gravel b d of Klahini Rivw is known to contain

P O ~ E goEd, though no comprehensive t e ~ t ~ Ilnvo benn madn to show its pro?Iabk d u e . Ddfir ig w o ~ ~ l d uncm to he tho only practicable method of mining this deep depmit. Tn desc~bing the placer. proportism thom nt the mouth h ~ ~ s hecn

fimt ~onaidor~d, while the claims following RPO referred to in r#~o!nr order (PI. VII).

DESCRIPTl ON OF CLAIMB.

PORCUPINE CREEK.

Dd~a uJaim. -On the western hank of the Pamupine+ Bear ih mouth , a the grnvp.1 bench formed by the old delta w m formerly all sbkd,

thoufi.h at prment only the claimq neighboring thc creek nre held, find nil thwo no more than the r q n i r d ~ w m m e n t work h ~ s Ewen cion~. Tho tEeptb of the depod is tmhown and tho few tcnt pit.* on t h ~ P R Y ~ ~ P R ~ clttjtn~ fire mid to halve given only low vnl~~es.

C'm9~t47n c/dm,.--This claim, the first on the creek u n d ~ r d ~ v e l o p ment, ia 1 mile fro111 the month nf the .Porcupine. The p v e l bed b 40 f e ~ t i n d~pth , tho top of the deposit forming a hench on tho cmt side 9) fmt ahvo thc ~trearn. The grsvels are said to mrT ~ o o d VIIIUW, hut tha gold i.r not uniformly distributed. Next to brd rock in R Inyer Y to 3 fmt rlcep m q i n p high values in goIrl, though thin i~ mmet imen rtit off Ijy ridLm in the bottom of the channel. Overlying t h i ~ i~ R 15-fmt 1 ~ 1 1 14.-H rich i n val r~~s, containing mtlng quartz p l y - h l~w nnd mmo h l ~ ~ i s h P ~ * v , The next 2 fwt nre of clay nrld s111all p l - 0 1 wmh, pmhlhly of ghcial origin. nough t b i ~ mshrial w w sup@ to he qtritr Imrnmn a nttrnplo clubmitted to fire m a y p v e a ~ ~ a l u e of over $21) p r tan, nhowing t h i ~ ~tratunl tm be worthy of closer examination. Ahrvt! t ho clny there i n 1 A to 20 feet of yellow p v e l , avemging 150 fmt in width ~ n d carrying good values (fig. 2).

h i r l e * gold, plntinut~l in miti to accur jn tho h l ~ c k mnds, hut a l a b ratory tmt did not verify t,ha report. O n l ~ n t i , rnnpetite, cha1r'op~- rib, some ara~nopyrih, nnrl n l n r p rimount of pyrite nrcllr in the concent rates.

To develop this property a flume 1,200 feet in length w ~ n huilt along the creek hank, srupplying the hpdmulic horn used to work the gravely and furnishing power for the bucket elevator, centrifupl pump, and sawmill. h B-bomcpnwer derrick, m i v i n g p w p r from a steam engine, bas lwrn innhllrd to hoist stwwlde~ ton large for the

, I , C L A I M N O , I ABOVE DISCOVERY. B. H I G H BENCH D E P O S I T O N F I N L E Y C L A I M

bucket elevator. At the lower end of the claim a pit has h e n sunk and into this tho pat-ela are w h d , going first through a narrow s1;lui~ box, which pthcrrr'tho coatr;e gold, ~ n c t thm into a sllrnp cut in tho M rock. From t l ~ i ~ .sump the lucknt cl~rebor lift3 tho pmvrl to the mcovrrp duico hoxcs on the ~trrface (PI. YI, dl).

A n old c m k c b ~ n n e l ti5 fert almvc the Porcupine, at the uppcr end of the claim, WM formprly w ~ r k ~ d , and $-?,Mul in mid to h a w hwn recoremd, though the gmter part of its K ~ c c l s m a i n nnworked, owing to thtl difIicuIty, ill p t t i n g w a t ~ r to thnt r!c\ntion. The dcrel- opnlrnt of this claim IIRW I ) I ~ ~ c ~ I ~ O R C by II'.cI*(oP+ who expect large returns tho coming setwan (l!ltbl).

On the next claim alw~vc, in l!t01, a pit 20 fwt dccp w~ sunk which exprwtl Rn nqrlsrn f o ~ t of 1irnc.rtone bcd rock; Sf 0,OnCi is said to have h e n hknn ont- During R p ' r id of high water the exmmtiona WQTO

filled in, and the property h ~ 4 not I m n m o r k ~ d nince. ~ l k m w y chim.-The hrtl rock, which lit-rp (-rnmw the c r e ~ k dirra-

onally, wtriking N. GO'-' I!'., ~ansists of sltrraatn M x of flinty and

gmpl~itic elate, in which nntui~tl trough# b a v ~ lwan formed. Tha gold has irerrr conerntmted in thwo tratuml rifflw, nnd ofbn nugptr lenre n-orked down i n h ihn wftrmr slnta for 2 or 3 f c ~ t . The crepk grnv~lq on this claim A V P ~ C 12 f r ~ t i t 1 depth, with no definite laycn, chxmpt- ing that m o ~ t of tho p y dir t .tip* on hed rrwk. C;sld wau fimt dincov- errd in a small gmvol h n ~ ~ t ~ h :+{I feet. ulmrt! thr crrrlk on tho west luink; 815,WH) WRH taken 011t wit11 fiJ~dv~-1 11ntl s1uic.n IMX from an arm 10 hy 30 fttct.

Tha srtfean~ bar hePn divrt td into s f lum~ i?? fect wide, 5 feet dwp, and 1,4W fwt long, with n 3) p r cent p d r ; through this rht! water mqht.r at a mite 01 from :il.lnw to :;,cMu miner's i n c h ~ s per minub. A b u t 100 feet alwro thc outlct of f he flume a pit bns h e n sunk and a sump 10 fwt dtr*p rxclrrnted in lwd rwk. A11 tho atnvcls arc worked down tbmu~l~ a rhclrt s l ~ ~ i c e hx, which wires tho Inrm nugch , into this Rump, nntl nrc t k ~ n l i f t d Ily R lrucket ekvntor, trf 4,Ocwk cuhic yards mpgcit~ p r twentyfour hotrrn, to tho surfaca ~1uit-v bxen. A water wheel sccei\.ing power fmm zr ~mll Rtma driv~w tha

24 THE P O R ~ U P ~ E PLACER DIFITRICT, ALASKA. LBU~.L m.

cfarntr~r. pump, drrrirk, ant! a mwmill. It in plnnned to continue the pit ~ ~ p a t r c s ~ n until ir~~firien t gtxdr: ix ~ e c r l r ~ d fnlm ground sluicing. '\\'h~n thr* stwarn ig continclcl the rrrrrent wit1 do11bt1e.s~ bo able to mrry off the h i l i n p (PI. VTI).

Jf;r r.l~t;rtr.-On this proprty worlt is bring dono on rr gnlvcl bench f ronl SO to 91) feet wide and 8 foot deep, occurring on both sides of tht! crrck n1wnt ( id) I c r t n h v a t l ~ n strenm. Tho vnllcy wjdevw rlt the lorr~rr p r t of tho claim, and n, l,rmd hod of crnck ~rrrvel~t ha9 h e n d e p ~ i t t * t l /I1l. VIII, d). Thn claim wns IORHPI~ 11s a mining cclmpttnr cbrrrin~ bhrl summcr of 21101, hut Iho operations did not p M V P auccms- f nl nnh IIO f urthcr tlrv~lc~pmentn Ilava heon 11nr2efiak~n. A t prpent p r t of t h ~ 11pp~r 11~1icll i~ IFRRT"~ f o H, minor, who h m .qn?c?arrd many rltly(~ct9 of gold.

PYrr Jty I~JII~Y~I.--TII(~ (I~pwsiC here ia on the Famr b n c l ~ na tbc one I)~low. Thr! g~nrrel lwd k 3 0 0 f r ~ t wide, 8 to 10 fwt deep, ~ n d 9n feet nbovtr thn crrrk. I n I901 a l r r e prodr~ction waq reprim1 from this proprlmt,y, hut j t iri not oprnml II~ p!w~$ent (M. VII1, B; fig. 3).

Fici. S.-SrvHnn 0 1 f"ln.ilpluv h r k st thc PEnlcy cltilrn.

O n t h e Legal Tendcr fmtion, rrn cxtensiou of the Finlcy Iwnch, IL

g o d mtio~ i of thc cllnnnrl with tlw grnvel deposit is pxyon~rl. Onc ~nitn work in^ with t t (;-f.c~)t sluive hox was making gcmti w r p s .

Following this is the 1F'ilcy rlnin~, which c*or~w.rpndn in eha,mcter to the Fiolep claim; no developmrnt work has h e n done on the bench fit this place.

M'KFNI,ET CREEK.

At. the jullction of McKinley and Porc~~pine C ~ P C ~ H the &st location is the Lewis claim, joining the, Wilcy proprrty and cxtenrlin~ $00 feet nlong the Porcupine to the forks, thence 5 M feet r~p McKinley Creek. A hundl-crl pees nbr-e the forks there in a waterfall abut 50 fret high, known ns the McKinley Falls, bclow which gwd values have lwrn found.

C'hi~JlnJnr cFni?n.-The next claim^ ia ~ t ~ c ~ c c ~ ~ i o n are the Chivbolm nnri TIIIII proprties, owned hy the LTnitcd l;ulR Mining C ~ m p n y . On t h ~ former of tbese, where the placer d~ponit in Ijeing cxtcn-

A . C b l l S W O L M CLLI'.:, t ! rK . ( iNLEY C R E E K . 1. M c Y I N L E V CREEK C A N V O N BELOW WOODIN C L A I M .

nivdy derclopcd, n good ~ x n m p l e of ground ~ l u i c i n g may h e seen (PI. k, 11.) 'I'hc! ~ t r ~ n m is cLit'~l'ted into ttl IfOC)-footIlulmr h~i l t n?ollgone side of tho crwk, and tho ln rv 1)owldclw f rnm t,lw I M ~ nlta piled nlong tho h n k s or RYP I I R P ~ to for1-11 IL narrow cb~llncl in which to confine tho stwarn n11t1 iucreit*~, it,% vclnt-ihy, T l i ro~ l i this the water ig turned from timc: to tirno nrul it.q ~npid culront ml-sicw much of the p v e E do~vnatrcait~a. Thrt~ the surfnee gtv~~pc?ls nra grtt(l~ial ly retrlaved and the gold i~ mncont,mtt.d it1 n shnllom dcpocrit bed rock, from which it is ervlily wco\*er~d. Very rctrrrr~n mne expected from this clnim nt the c~rd of the mnHan when lwd rork ~ F I c l ea~~cd tip. A stnrtll MW- mill is tlle only tnncl~in~ry r.~/scd on tho p ~ o p r t y .

I f h d i ~ ~ cJit;t~r.-The JITootlin claim ant1 scvcrsl othcrs nre owned hy tho 3icKitilap Creel; Mining Cornpn~~ . Tho first work on this pimp- c1.t~ \ v m on bllc crrck I d , Iltlt ill 1110:4 :ill operntions were confined to R high Iwncll deposit on thr. fionth side of the valley, 900 feet abwe t,he crcck bed. Tlze gmvcls ti1 l two parallel cl~rtnnels, one 15 feet deep rr~~d 40 feet wide, the other :?O feet deep and 30 feet wide. In the

Fso. 4.,%ction of ~fckiinler Cmuk at thc SVocldin rlnlm.

dccper of the two rr pd srction of the g~n~*~-el deposit is show11 (fig. 4; I 1 , . Fcxt t(F bed rwk thrre is g ~ w e l w ~ h , consistingof diorita cohbles find slate fl-.~,mcttL+. 1~11ic.h rontnins g d gold vnltlrs. O~*cr- I j ing this them is n deposit r l f Ihue clay or rwk flour some 3 feet deep, carrying l n p ~tnd h1:inc.h~~ trf t t ' ~ ~ 4 , nnd rc"g~rtl~d so VHIURIRSS. Above thc clay nre swerrral fert of M I - ~ P wash, ranpprrl t ~ y a lred of gravel cem~nt 2 tn 8 feet thick. This c~t~lc~ltcd g1nv~1 nt" h ~ r r l p ~ n c:nn not b disintagrr~fl-d hy t lie I~ytlmcIic s lr~nm, nnd is t v c l l difficult to loosnn with bnnlnler. nnrl ]lick. Tlip ~ q l d is ~ ' ~ n r w , not ao much worn nu thnt of the Elorrnpine, a id ~ ~ O ~ I I P W ~ H ~ I~ightr in silver v~ltrcs. The prolxl.rty ho~dcrx nn nri*n of niinr~nlizcd slatpa, containing nrnny

calcite veins, with sonzc trowcnttinp cjunrtz veins, all of which arc hca14lp charged with pyrifr. A wnn~plp of (he well-minc~alized R I R ~ ~ gava $3.4FI in gold per ton. To do~elop this property sluice twxc.c; ]lave been placed dong t l ~ c bottom of tht. cl~~mncl, and through thcse thc gmxvets ;lye W K ~ ~ I P C I by n hycFmulic ~ i a n t , C R * ~ of working

26 TEE W R ~ P I N E PLACER D I R T R T ~ , ALASKA. r m ~ ~ l n ~ .

down the hcnrh drposit within a rndius of 200 feet. A ditch leads the mtc.r from the upper park. of C'lshma Creek to a penstock 400. feet RIK)VC the workings, from which rs pipe line supplies the giant rind furni.shcs power for an o v c r h d troller, which carries the large bowldern to a dump at t hp lower end of the claim (PI. 1, B).

Olhw clnima.--Higher up on the sotrt11 s l o p of the JicKinley 0 t h ~ bench dcp.ritu hnve hmn inrccltignted, hut nothing of in lpr- tame has been r o p r t ~ d . The c m k dcposi ts ..inhovo Ztroodin claim have not heen dcretopeci .mffici~.ntlf to prom thrir value, though wrno unsuccessful attcrlipts wrre made to work rlnims on &boon Crwk (PI, X, A). I t is ela~imerl hy norno of the pmupton thnt there is no pay on the Porcupine ahve the forks. nnr Fwyond the mouth of Wmn Creek on the McKinley.

Nugget Creek catlip may he reached either hy going up Salmon River mule 20 miles, or Iry w r t ~ of Porcupine, oTer lt he divide at the head of McKinlex Creek. This creek riws in the -me ice field wbich feeds McKinley Creek, and Bows through n nsmrr. anyon-ti kc vajlry for B distance of 23 miles in20 Salmon Hivcr, Lilie nrnrly all the tributxrictr af Salmon ltirer, few of which nnre more thrttt S nr 3 rnilns in leng.81, it enters from the north. Cmd-q~twIII.-The p r e l s of the present creek hed and tho low

side benches form thc principal d e p i t s in Nugget Crcek. The former ocrur as rich p k e t s , filling the small g l a c i ~ r - . w p d . b ~ i n a , commanly mild ppotholw. The low bench deposits are usu~lly vnry narrow end show more or less welldefined hedu, a section thraugh wbich would a$ follow*: On bed rock a 2-fmt layer of glacinl mnd; a h v a tilts R foot or more of cemented slate wash; then a 10-foot bed of pay dirt, consisting of large and small gravel wash; and capping t h i ~ e few feet of rock slide snd sndace dirt. Many large angul~r Mocks of diarite, s~verrrl feet in dinmeter, occur in these creak p v n l s , adding gmtlp to the cost of mining.

Sewn clnims have h e n staked on thew creek depositn, two low and four atxlve Dismr~.q; the latter, howevet-, is the only one which h w lwrn dcvclop~l. To work the g r a v ~ l ~ on this clain~ the &setam hns I ~ e n divrrtml into n flume, freeing the creek botbm and furniuh- in^ power for s d~rrirk of considemble cspacj ty, which hmdll~s the largo rliorite lmwldem. A p i p line, feri from an upper durnc, wpplien. w ~ k r under 8 200-foot b ~ n d to thn hydra~rlic plant hp which the gravel banks are worked down throuah long ~ lu i cc hnxes 2 feet wide rerthg on lwd rwk. During tbo tm yenls of devrlopmpnt snmumging reunlb r e p r t d , nnd it is Fmlioved that future cxploihtion will yield large r~turaq.

Bmh &p&t~.--No extensive deposits have been found in the tribahry creeks, but along Salmon River between Nugget and Cotton- wood creeks is s bench deposit, prohhly marking o former river lerd; which has an average width of 1,5rW) foet and is from 20 to 40 feet & e v e the present rityer, ' f ir ! gmkr prt of tha Senoh has beon loc&tmI, and plnncl are bin^ mtula to work it hy drifh and raises, using underground sluices n~pplicd wit11 water from N ~ t g p t Creek.

Near Nugget C m k the hed af Salmon River, over which the river flows in m n y channels, is R mile in width. Colors of gold may he obtained along this g~nvel deposit from a point n mile below Nugget Creek to abave Cothnwnod Creck. Fifty w Gore claim- were shked last summer (190313) on t h ~ m river bars, and mn attempt will be m d s next aeason to work parb of the extensive deposit hy dmdge~.

JEDLLOW DISTRICT.

It wea no p ~ r t of tho purpoue of the prewnt investigation to shdy the copper dopmjtq of Rainy JIolIow9 but as opportunity was oEered a hrief viait wlts nlade to this diutrict, which htl.4 since k n included in nrltish Columbia by the newly eatRbIiuhed boundary line.

h i n y I-Zollow is the name givcn to the hqin at the head of -Rlehini Bivcr, whcra the only lode prospcting in the Chilkat dnrinage hm beon done. The ores m e copper and silver, verF Iittle gold having been ffouud. The valley grnduallj ascend ; to dome-sh~ped hills. covered on the lower levels with a luxuriant growth of small trees and planh, but on the upper levels almost barren of vegetation. Tha country rock consists of very much disturbed bhck slates trnd limestones, clwsscut Ity greerlstone and porphyry di kea.

Theream several well-defined ledg&, strikingmainly north a d south. Those inrestigrrkl were nearly vertial contact leads, lying I~tween a limestone and an int~univa greenstons. T h ~ y mere cornpsd chiefly of pyrrhotite, chdcopyrite, p lena , and sphalerite, with qrrartz iw p n p m mineral. The Custer ledge, averaging R feet in width, a n he fol- lowed for 2 milev over the mountain ridge; and the prrmllcl &rt- ford le*, separated from it by a greewtonc dikn HI) feet widc. may h t d nearly as far, although it is rnuch Inare hroken nntl faulted. The present surface ores are the richer sulphidev of coppel= No iron capping mcum over the veina, and oxidw nnd rurbonatcs of copper s1.e not iften found, and wherc obaervetl aro mare films, obvi- onsly due tu surface we~t~bering,

Ahout 2 miles west of the Custer and Hartford l e d q n are some otben law well defined and little developed. They am, howevel., ricl:et in mppr and silver, and am reprtcd to be of grmhr Y R ~ ~ I F ~

than either of tbe 6rst mentioned, which csn 110 of no economic valuo until transportation facilities are greatly kkkred.

28 TEE PORCUPINE PLAQEl3 D1STBTCT1 ALASKA. [BULL. W.

. . The first locations here were made in September of 1698 by *Joe Chisholm. During thc following spring and eumn~er a number of p~.os,spectora came into this region and located nll the surrol~nclin~ bill- sides, without discrimination. Many have been ahandoned and the properties still owned represent only a few of the original number. Bereral tuuneIs af various lengths h a w been driven on the Custer Idge, which prove it to be very persistent in depth, as the outcro~a show it is along the strike.

A detailed description of the c l a h strrked in 1899 i~ given in the annual report of t,he Minister of Mines of Canada for 1900. The following assay is quohcl from hi report: " A geneml ~nmple over 3 feet of the Cuater ledge gave an asmy of gold 50 c e n k , silver 9 ounces, copper 1.2 per cent, lead 8 per cent, xhic 8 6 per cent."

On Porcupine Creek one &rts the primitive methods of recovel.iilg p I d ordinariIy employed in partly devatoped placcr didricts. Thc miners have been obliged to make much out of litkla. With imple- ments such a.3 picks, ~lrovels, whipxawx, and canvas how, which they are ahle to wrry to tba place nf' working, they build ditches, flumes, and sluice lwxes, and install srnaIl hydraulic plants. Under tlieso con- ditions the richest deposih are ought out find worked, though frc- quently with little economy. available pocketa have been exhausted work comes to a ahndatiI1, claim lioldars cease developing and do only annual assessment work, with the expectation of ovcutu- ally selling out to compniss who mn consolidute intere~ts and nlina on an ext.t?nsive and monomica1 hasis. During the laat few g~~rltrs, howaver, several small suwmills have been erected by diff omnt pal-ties, l n g e flumes have been huil t, and hydraulic plants and bucket elew- tars inshtlld; but ~quipmenLq are still iMufCiriellt a11d rro plrop-ess hnd been nlada toward consolidation up to the close of the w w o n of l!M)3.

GROUND SLUICING.

As the best pay dirt is llsnaliy at the hottam of the creeks, it is netavsapy to remove the nverlging gravel wavh by some monomica1 method. The stream must first be. diverted into a finme built up on trestle w o ~ ~ k or running on ono side of the cr~ek. Thc creek bttom being f r ~ d from wates, the largo bowlders are piled alung the b ~ n k s of the stream, those too herrvy to mow baing broken by sledge ham- mers and powder. A narruw channel built up of bowldcrs i s thus formed, which serves to contins the stream and increase its velocity, so that on being turned back inta the creek bed it is able to carry off material which it could not otherwise h a ~ e moved. The miners often enter this swift-flowirlg stre~m and by the usa of shovels help the Iarger rocks downstrmm and off the dnirn. gram time to time the

waki* is diverted into the fllm~e, so that the large bowlders may be thmmnout or brokcnup, Where thec~eek bed is wide this. tempo- m y ehannol, continndly eating jts way downward, must be moved, step Try step, from ono side of the creek to the other, theu p~rhslps back again in m e the g n v e l s are deep. In this w a ~ the mas* of p v e l is ditfintegmked and n-imbed x m v and the gold is concentrated in a ~hibI1ow deposit on hrd rock To clean up the bed rock, sluices are laid, beginning at the 1011-t-st puint on tho claim, aud jnto these the ansicbed gravela arc rrorkcrt IF mealla of wing dams md shoveling, As the 'work prog.re*es np~trmurr itddif io~iaT boxes are supplied, ,-

In thc upper channels, as tst tho Wsociin clatim, the gravels havb been tidtm1~ed where the present anyon crosaw the former stream lmd. The gravel at the month mrts bydmlicked away ~ n d sluice boxes laid on bed rock, el-etything heing worked i n b these sluice boxes by the powerful strerim f ~ v n l the l~ydmulic ~ D Z Z ~ B . The large b~wlders ~ r 0 tmnulparted to the ~ lmuth of tho channel by a trotley moving on rt mblc which extends the length of the workings /PI. X, B).

Whem there is imnfficient fa11 in the creek, or whem deep oct?ur which necessitate a lifting of tha p v e l , bucket elevators are used. A pit is first sunkto bed rock, into which a sump is excavated, and in this the wash collects, to be eIew&d to the sluice boxes above. When auflieicnt space is clenred a small sluice box placed in the bat- tom of tho pit co l lce~~ rliovt of the cosrse go18 {PIS. IT, VU).

SLUICE BOXES.

The buxcs used in t f ~ pits :ire 11suxlly 12 feet in length, tapering from a width of 18 inches at tho upper cr~d to 14 inches at the lower end, 'thus allowing tllcui to f i t into one another. The larger sluice boxes u ~ d a h v e surfate are 2 to 3 fmt \vide rand from 50 to 100 feet long.

Rimes of set-ersl wrts BPG in use, A n ordinxry form is made hy fitting roul~d blocks 4 inches t.hick, mwed Rum la@ a foot OT TUDTB in diameter, into the boxes. Another style consists of poles plwed a half inch apart lengthwise in the bottom of the ~luice box. Still a third sort is made of sawed str ip of wood placed crosswise, and set at an angle wit11 the bettom of the hox, so *as to ove~harlg on the upstream side. It is customary to have two or t h r ~ e sets of the pole style at the hmd of the sluice, and below these the Mock riffles. All of the rMes me held in dm0 by wedges of mood, so that they wtn be ~.etnoved for the clear1 up, mbirh begin# with the uyparrnoat set of rifles, the concentrates finally collecting on the lowest box.

50 THE PORCUFINE PLACER DISTRICT, ALASKA. BULL 2%.

WATER SUPPLT.

The flow af water i n the diflerefit creeks vnries wfth the seasons and also during bhe day. JIost of it comes from glaciers and snow fields, and on warm, sunny days it is usnally one-third less in the morning than in the nfternoan. Thc high-waterseman is asualEy in the middle of summer, not in tbn spring RS might be expected on account of the melting of the wmw. Low water is during the months of May, Jane, October, and Pr'ovember. In the winter most of the creeka freeze over and are covered with snow, hut 8 ~ m a l I stream continues t~ flbw under the ice. Porcupine Creek has rt flow varying from 2,000 ta 5,000miner's inches per mintrte, and Rn tnael'tlge fall of 6 feet per hun- dred, or a total of 9,rOCr feet in the 7 miIes of ih course.

The timbcr consist4 chiefly of hemlock, spruce, a fern cedars, and 0~msionaI pines, besides nn nbundnnt growth of uottonwood on the river bottoms. The lower hills stnd mo~tntttin lopes are usually wooded to an elevation of 2,000 or 9,500 feet above sea level. During the winter. months the sawrnillv are supplied with logs averaging not over 2 feet in diameter, mainly of aprucc, and in early spring the= are sawed and used for buildings, flum~s, and sluice. boxes. A densc undergrowth of weeds known as "ctecil's club," and of alders, covering the lowor portion of the hills, binders wnlkihg nnd makes pr-ospct- ing difficult.

The usual route to the district formerly followed from Hhinev Mission was the naltrrn trail, which has its starting point at Pyramid Harho*, on the west aide of ChiIkat Inlet, but t h i s road is only prac- ticahla far trslverers on horses, hecaustl of t h ~ difficult fords across Takhin and Salmon riwrs. Another trail leads rtIong the a s k bank of the C3ilkst to Wells Post, =here the Chilkat i s crossed by minoe, and thence dong the north hank of IUehini River to opposite Por- etipine. This, genetnllj* known as Throg's tmil, is used dnring the months of low water in the early sprinr and autumn. During tho sumnler months it is hest to wait far n faroral~le wind and mil up- stream. Native cnnoemen are always available, and their servicet~ are n~cesary to those not familiar rr-itl~ tho river.

Freight and supplies are usually moved in during the monthi of winter and early spring, when the &now and the fmzen condition of the streams greatly facilitate transportation. In the summer Indiana a m hired tu transport the freight in their maow as far Wells Post, from which it is carried on wagons hy a, fairly ewy muto along the banks of Klebini River to Porcupine.

14rw . Achowledgmenm. lint of .................. 11 Anway. c . 11 .. Ai~cnvery of gold 11s ........ 13 Atmy paqt. cstnbll~hmor~t of ............... 10 -78. from Porruplne dlntdrt. t ~ b l e of ... 20 Benr creek. claims utakPA on ............... 18

MUMW of ...............................

RIm C ~ ~ t t o n w d Creek. d l r m v e ~ oI gold on ... 13

............. rmnutoli (.\aim. dmrlptEon nI 'h-23 m t l n a r m ........................... 23 rtrw 01 ................................. 1%

Cltstcr leduc. m a p of ow lmm ............. 2R ..........................

I:* I .......................... ....................... dcwrl~rtlnn of 27

.................................. . . .. .. dtflieultitrs on 1s Dalllrtr tmil. mule nl 10.30 goldof 1:: Dhwwn r. >I rfwl on Alwrltnn m l n ~ y 1.5 m h to ................................. l:3 I>rlrt! rlalm . dmrlpt l~m of ................. 22

Black mud. occurreurn and I-alue of ...... 3 Der~lnpm~nrr ln Porrr)plnc d l d ~ l . extent ........ Boundary. Internntlonal. c h ~ n w o f 11. la I of ......................... 21-~3'.%.EI m. - . Bowldcr Creek claims ~ m k e 4 on .......... lbl'l I t k n S u m e t Chu.k. extent nt ............ ,,

.......... Nurse a1 ............................... I2 I ~ r n 3lrKlr8!ey ('reek. cxrrnt or 3-Zii mid o i ................................. ..I!? -13 or1 hrcttpirre Creek. cxtcnt 01 ......... 22-24 r11sh to ................................. I.t-13 on fialrnti~s Itirer . pmftrtloi~ .o l ......... 27 I .

Bmok~. A . H.. cited on Al~sknn meka ..... I5 I D~hes. v m r o n e . orcumww! of ........... 17 ....... ............. cited on Dirt Glacier fmil 16 D1o~lte. crrniinenre and clmrnct~roi I?+l i

cited on Porcnpina dates ............... I i ( Dirt Cilecicr . i o ~ * l l fmm .................... I f1 ...... examhatton of gold phcem hy ........ t ( DLWO~PQ-. claim Xq> . 1 above. view ot 'L'L

. gold-bearing eamples mlleeted by ..... 13 . clnlm T o . 1 a h r e . I'orcnpine Rlvrr nt report by ............................... 9 . ~ e w of ......................... 14

. .......,.... Cnhoorh. 6 . P.. ~ ~ c k n o w l ~ g n e n t a t o ........ 11 Dlmverr clnlm. dwHptEon of %I-24 Cubwn Creek. mention nL ................. view of ................................. 20

viuw on ................................ X Drainage of PoPFupfne Aistrlcl. chnrnf trrof 1. 1 Cnlcite veins. occumnm and chamcwr Elevatiom on Chilktrt Rtver. mention of ... 10. I t . ................ o I ............................... 18 E l e m t m a* of in mining 29

................................. Carbonil~mi~ang~u. m k s 01 ................ 161; vier r. of 2U . Chilkat IdL-e. nrIMn PI .................... 1s HmsI#>n In Fowupine dktrtct. character t r l l%lW

Chflknt I'pninmln . chamct~r 01 ............ 10 Explmt ims in Porvaptnedistrirt. acraunt ............................... rxmlmtkon of ......................... 1g of H.12

view or ................................. '9 FIeld rroek in Pnrcupfne district. by C . (5'. Chilkut Kirer. tIrafna@of ................. 9 IVright . lenpth of .............. 9

rl~mrlonr on ........................... 1~1.4 Finle). . -., exploration by ................ 12 IorAtlon 01 ............................. 8 Finlcr clalm. dewription of ................ 24 ~wkuuloof! ............................. 10 eertion at .............................. 24 m u m . cnitmc. and rhsracrrsn! .... .'I .. 14 r l e a of ................................. 22 tmil by ................................. 10 . Flumes . construction of . .V e ~ l l d p r clngrn rul !ex of ................................ 20 nomen. and r i~rder DevelopmentP .

Chlrrl!r)lm.Jw . Imtton hr ................. 2% E . m ~ r r . extentand character of ............ 30 Chinht>lm cbtm. decrlptlonol ............. 24 Fmile . In Porcupine district ............... 16-17

r ~ c w o f ................................. 24, #I, !~DirtGlncicr ......................... 16-17 Clrtlmn In Fmllptne dlrtrlrl . Eomtlon 01 ... I2

In I'ownplne dldrIrt. [nap #horr.in~. ... 21 Clnlms on I'orcuplne C m k . lncntiol! unrl

drrelopment of ................ 21-22 Clear Cmek . mouth nf ...................... 13 Climate. chamctrhr of ....................... 51 Cornmidon. Inrcrn~tlotlnt Ror~ndnrg. ~ u r -

vey by- ......................... 9 Copper. occurrence ni ...................... 27

Prayer. Doctor. ncknon'ldgments to ....... 11 Gj~lp~ln. orc~rrwnre of ...................... 23 Ci.eol&cmp of vicinity of Porcupine . L a

.................. Wnp. gcoIo@c 16 Geological Anrr;~) . cxploratl~n by .......... 9 Qwlrrgy of Chillrat Peninsula. che~acter 01 10

....... ul I'orcuplr~e dlrrtrict. account {rt IS19 Gt?oIn~y. econornlc. r~cctrnnt of ............. 19 Rirty. rt . H.. f ~ l u determined by ......... 16

Boll. 236-04-3 33

34 m E X . p.gr. ' * . G l ~ c l n l mud r*mllle of ...................... 3 : h t i n n o l Porcupine dbttltt .............. 9

Glnrlatlon In I'nwnplnt d!*lrlrt . w i d e n m 01 ............................ 14.lR-19

a lrc icr C w k . rlmlan m k r r l nil ........... nt m h to ................................. I2

hl~C1ellm F l a k lorrtion or ................ 10 3lchnald. r~p ra i i l . a r t n o w l e d ~ e n t n tn .. 11 WcKinlc.r Trwk. claim* mild derelopme~~h

OU .............................. 21-211 tranrlt.rnl . ur nhe I'oIrld Stntpr ........ 12 clalmaninkrdon ...................... jm! . .......................... Gold rt~aructerol W I ~ e o l d r ~ ~ t i n t r on ..................... 2s ronrrn~rarlor~ or .................... 1 rl9. ?I ptrllrl-tmrlr~p r ~ l c l l o velum on ........... IH diur~ru.ry w f . In VOrcup l~~~ RI*trlrvl ..... 9.12 * o l d - M ~ > ~ grnvcla nn . limlta d... ... HI .................. rm Rnrldcr C m k I2 gravelr on .............................. 91

................ on lWn+utt~Lne Creek ..................................

I X i ........................... ................................ rush to lt

o c f u m t ~ r ~ o t 'ST7 viewnll 18. M (rutput rv l ............................... 9. 13 WcKfnlegC~wkMlnlngCompmy.pmpeny rvrllnr-crl ............................... 3 01 ............................... Ski

Wd-Mntlnw nwo md m v s l r . m s n of .... 20 Gold ciulrn~ on run. r l p l n~ cnrk. examfna-

tI*tn PI. by .f . li . Bmrkv ........... ti YranIte S6drtrnlnLrb . ~lnrlntion un ........... 18 Cim~els. u r * r u r r r i ~ ~ c ~ f ...................... 18

McK ln1ey Mia, lor~rlon of ................ 24 Mnp 01 Purcuprne dlr~rlrt .................. 10

r h Pnrrupittc dirtrlct. stntrrncnl roll- rcrlling ................. ..,..... Vh15

Mnp . m l q i c . uf vtelnity of Purrupllie .... 18 C;rnve!.c. nirrllcrn~lr. ul~tsdlllmllnn of ....... 19 01 vlcizh~iy 01 Porcupine . relewncr at1 .. la . 19 .......................... dlrtrfbutfon rrf 39 1 Y ~ r b l r . ~ n m n c e o f ...................... 16

IimiIs of ................................ 3I bl*rl~t* Cwk. clmlma etaked on ............ tt ........... location a!. on Olrlclcr Crrrt ................... ........ l9 I ................... . nirh to .... 12

on Klehlill Rlvcr I2 S(claru.rrrl~hlc h l t . rhmtermd mrad 15 otr Numet C1nu.k. .................. 19.m Jlinemllmilo~~. mns of .... ............,... 17 ................ . on Port.llplrle Rlrcr EY M l n l n ~ 1rI I'nrtmplne dl~rfct byelemtocr otr f i ~ l m o n X1vr.r ................... .......................

I ....... . ,...,. rlnv o l .. 10

011 trll~ulnrles of the l i l rhlnl In hrc'uplr~c dirlrlrt rnrthods a l !&?a Ururolr. rrcr.k, chmmcter nntl lurntlnn 01 .. 1?1 Mlnlaer ul tnl l in r11 r'enada. qunted on

Z'AIU@ a1 ................................ 31 Rarlrry llollrrrr (1 t.lrlr6 .......... 28 Ora*fh. hlxh bench. chamrtrr and Sw- Hla. S W .. arknowl~rlamenb lo ........... 11

llon of ......................... 1P t x p h i l v n hy ....................... la rtcw ol ................................. Pi nit tlmlm . d w r l p ~ l r n of .................. 24

Gnarl \ dde k n c h . charaftrr and loer- Mdum v~ceildl. cnte r. nt .................... 12 tlun t r l .......................... I9 MwlilmLnr In Porcllp~nc dlrtrlct. character ................................ rJue of at anrl hclrht ................... 14

Gdnl r Creek. rlalmu nMkd or1 ............ 1 1 K11mer Creek. clulmvund devclnpmcntmon . 26 ....... G~uund sluic5na. cxnmp2t oI ............... 'li vasum or ................... ... la rnethrd af ............................. -3 rllwrrrery ot old on .................... 13 r i e w ul ................................. ?1 ~ t l l d Iwurlnu nrnrela an. Iltnllu of ...... 81 ................ Hain- M~mlon . I m ~ l l o n a1 rblru.frx cr1 ............................... 11 ~i ... "f ................................. I: I , r" .................................... 10

Hall claim . menfftm of.. ................ ... 24 I uriawc and mume of ................... 20 ..,.... ..... Hnnley . IL R . acknmldmentr to 11 WCorrr~ur . J . M .. m~.lrnrrwlcr l~cnt~~ tn 11 .............. Ifurllt~rd Icdge. dexnptlon 01 27 Ill.~r~ry nl Porcupine dlMrlrl ............... lZl3 ...................... H?rlrnill~cklop. uw of 29

. ..................... PuImsnLc n p m k n o l 1h .... Pplermn W . J.. rrplr~mllon under lead of 9 . . P I ~ r r r plrl .* r UadrI .................... % i p u s uf ................................ ZR Plamn. cl~tdllratlon r d 18 .......... ................ I~nfntar nrc.k=. character o l 1; Placfaum . r e ~ ~ ~ r l w l INCII~WTIW 01 2a ............... Inlnalwe mrkw . chumcter 01 17 Pleswnt I'nrnlr. m#lrhla r l ~n r ............... 16 1n1crnatlrsnsl Buundary Commimlon . *up Purcuplnr. rlu~rrrlpllnr~ of .................. 1k

rcy by .......................... 9 1 lulrmion sl .............................. 11.14

........................... . ..................... Kstkwaltu Irwmtian of I(E pop!ilntioll 01 11. 12 ..... Kctchlke~l mlnlna djmlrlct Pml l fmm J h l f . .................. A . H Rruuku imltrd on 141 ................ Klehinl Rlr~.r. rhnnrterot 14 .... ............... fink! of R ~ V C ! ~ 01 ... 'EL ............................... ~ ~ U I I I of 11 ...................... qunrla Idpe nenr IN ................................ rock* oil I7 ................................. Zmlt by 10

................................. vlrr r. nl 12 . !%rcuplne Creek clalmnm!~d dt*elqmentq ou .................. .. .......... TI-24 .................... ~ ~ V P W of gold ou Is .................................. flow nl 8F ..................... pt-loplc .cct Ian on 5

...... p l d lmarln~ prAVfla on. 1Lmlh of 31 ..................... ~ r a r . c l at mouth of 1 4

...... ....................... ...................... Rtukwnir. frrrntln~~ 01 10 maptd ,.. 21 ................. ........................... ppulst lo i~ nf 11 mli~lny on. methodsol m29 ...................... ...... k # a l Tpnder Inrl+tran. d~acrlp11on 01 21 quanr Idw llenr In ................................ .......... I.rw\r. 6119. ncknowlen~rnmn* ro 11 \ Icav lm I& l r ......... .................. Liniraton~~. occurrence r ~ l I6 hm2tipln~ creek 'tanla. gnvebof 13

I 3 DEX . hm .

brmpins Creek p m exnmtmtlon nl. R l l r c r . k r t n ~ m a nnd p r c l r . MEUJ~U o l .. M by A . Fl . B m h ................ 0 Plnlr% !rhnamllutlnn of ................... 17

01 ................................ ........................... 'I I .. . .. m-fb!rmmn~h~ nf 1 A

Pnmpmork m h to hmuplnc dlrtrlrt by I?-t3 llntm mlnrmlltiul. muwe n l ~ n l d in ..mZ 1.81 21-TI , Plllic~e tmxw . nlre nnd fhmnc-ter of ......... ;4

rrrsh to Rainy Hdlnw di$trltl by ....... W Srtnwlntt. r~rnonnt 811 ........................ 21 Qusrtz ledre. occurnilre nnrl rhsmcrfr of . l h Spt i rcr . I > r . .I . I'.. arknowtc4gmentr lo ... I 1 q r c ~ n s veina. ocrurmce R R ~ rh~rrnrtrrnf . rlwd nn Ala*k.II rock- ................. 15 Rniny Aolll>w dfqltlFC. naslrk 01 o m Imm .. M Srrpplit* . Irnnxpnrllilhon nf ................. 30

claltnti In ............................... '31 Furvv:a In R % K ! I ~ ~ P distdv t. mentio~r nl .. 9 cxamlnallon ol ......................... 2i Tlmp'r r n i l . IIW m 1 1 ........................ SU l m t i < ~ n nnrl chkmelernf ............... 1I:li Tnpnpsnph! of Porcupine dlqtrtrt . chnmc .

........................... n ~ s h ur .................................. -bl ter ol 14-13 Rnnt, r'nptnin. hnpltnHty (11 ............... IE ~rnils . .*r nute en ICcrnnnnlpwnce by A . 8 . Bmots ........... 9 RLmm. klirrln of ............................ T3 Rlylnnkl. Mnilnt. r l f w Imm ................ Rircr I r ~ l u . r n l ~ l c n l ........................ 91 WIII~PR tn I V ~ r r ~ l l p f I ~ ~ W-glon . ncmlint of .... 1O.m H1111notl Rlvc'r, bench nil .................... 27

rblnlm?lnn ............................... 2i rllacovcry d mid on ................... 13

Rchlat. ocrurrrnc~ol ....................... 17 Wlmontnry h l t, chamter and m u m ? or . 15

Iur#LIn 0 1 ................................ 16-17 ~nlrl- lrmrlug cmks nf .................. 16

Bnlirncllilry m k n . mlncmIIxutlon oC ...... E7 P ~ I v c ~ , WCU~KUCB 01 ....................... 'fi

t 'n~tdOoId JlinillLCmnpsnf . prnprtgof . 24-B \ \ ' n l r r a ~ ~ l y . arno~rnt of ................... 30 Il'ctln Pwt.lontin~k 01 ...................... 11 Wile! +.-. exp!omtinn by ................. 12 n'lley claim. mentian of ................... 21 W d % n claim. diwrlptiw of ............... 53

gmlWc m t m n a1 ..................... 23 riew k l o a ............................. 24 rlewor ................. .... .......... I$?&

Wright. C . W .. & w e n t to hcnpine rp @on *@I ......................... 9

mu# f ~ l l ~ e d fig .................... .. 10 Yend~s- location of ................. ... 10

The d a l piMlmtEonn of tho tlnitrd Stntrn C;Pnlt&al Srtrr~y rnn~ ia t of (1) Annual Rep*, ( 2 ) Monopxphq (3) Prnfmiqrnnt P n p r ~ , ( 4 ) Rulletin~, (5 ) 3 l i n ~ m l k u m e s , (6) ~! 'at~~-Supply ~ m l l Imigntion I'npm, ( 7 ) T n p p h i c h t l ~ ~ of Uoitpd Stat--futirw nud wlmarnfa pllpc.fr t l l e m f , (P) C;mI*r itl la^ of 14r~itCd S t n ~ l n l i o n therpclt. TIIF P ~ R W M nl l~nl~wrI I), 7 . ~ 1 1 1 1 R re mlrl nt C m t of pl~l>lira- tion; the o t h ~ m an- r3i~trihl1tlrl frw. .I r-irculnrpcinp rrnpl~tr l iet~ tnAp hnd on ~ p p l i c u l i ( ~ i i .

The Rnllrbl~ifi, Prolemionel P a ~ m , and \'l'st~r-Silpplp h v t m t of a txnPtr of e~~lhjocta, and the tntnl number iwrt~prl iq I n w . TIIP~ I1a~e therefom h n r1x~itIml intn fhs fo l lowing werim: A, Fmnoillir prim; n, r)pprripfi\*p pwrlw; C, F;?vPtct~i-

atlc &%y and p1eontol~g-v; 11, P e t v p h r a t ~ d rninrwlr*.!.: II, ('hcmi~try and phpim; F, Gmgraphy; C;, I l i w l I a i ~ e n l ~ ~ : IT, F o m r y I, I r r ~ ~ q t i n n ; J, Water Hor- R ~ P ; K. F ~ ~ r n p i n ~ water; L, Qrt~lity of rater; M, Ci~n~ra l 1 1 y r l m p h i c in\Mim- tirjns; S, 'I'l'rt~t p w e r ; 0, ~-nrlerp11tnil natew; J?, I ly lrqmr~l~ ir p m p m wywrrts. ThIr hullptin is the thirty-pe~enth in Series -1 ant! the fort!--srmnd i r ~ %rim I< , tho m~rlplete lints of which follow. (B = Bulletin, PP = I'rofePPintial T'awr.)

SERLES A, FXOSDYIC OEnLOr;T.

B2l. U ~ i t m o t Great tiwx lkwnatlon: Report rm -nn tncwmn Rmnd md Hmsll r l r c n , Mkota, bg Baile~ W ¶ b 1%;. 1G pp.. .i VIP. (nu1 nl n1nrk.l

B 48. Nnturc and d g i n of rlepoeltsoi phwphnte 01 lime, br R. A. F, W n m , Js. with Intmrl~~rtlori hy S. P Phrlcr. 1W. 1d3 pp. row of svrlc. I

R m s t r n ~ I ~ ~ $ p h y 01 the hitmnfnm~u ccwl AetlF of mnn.qlranln. Ohlo, snd Wrst VIMni8, hp 1, P. White. 1WI. 21: pp., 11 pie. ~fiil wf s lwk.)

B I l l . G w l r m ot Bl* Ston? Gap me1 rjvlrl a1 TIWnift an4 Ksntr~cky. hy M. R. Cnmphell. 1M7. 1M ' -

pp.. 6 plh B 16. T111- dr?vmfnaten Imd orr 01 w t k r t r m JILmarl, by Arthrlr WIanlow. 1HM. 81 pp, H I F , anrcinn -11 p m t r in Atlanfir 8-w-enl Plafn d o n . try 9. f f , thrton, l n l . 2ln pp., 19

l>l* t 4 hlt 111 **k. h ?I tS9. C w u l ~ 01 chqlc Hnnnmln mlnlnr df.rrlrr. Mnntrnn, hy W. A. Weed nntl L. V. Pireaon. 1890.

1M pp.. li plq B 14%. Rli,liwmghy o t c l p nnfl Ihr m m l r an-. hr 1. C. Drnnnrr. tWi. 114pp. R 1W. R e m n n d m n c e on the Rio Gnnrl* n r l Iirtrlr 01 Trxrrs. hr 7, I!. Vnlwhan, inclndlopa rPl)ort

nn Ipmkia rirkrfmm the %ii r.dr1.h 1 a 4 1 rh*llt. 11:- E. C E. Lord. 19M. 100 pp., 11 pla. B 1% Eh P m l h d@pdL-, i1.v \ I . ! I . i V w T IYU. pp . 8 p!. B Im. Otyttrwnrr atrd ~llrlrlhntlnn nl ru~nrndurn 111 1'rIird Plnlpr, hrJ. 8. h t t . lWL m pp., 14 PIS. H 182. A n h W nn I ~ F rrnnnm it- mlwr nl 1111- cllrcrtr~n qnnrlrsrr~le. Colorado, by F. L, Ran~nme.

1901 5 6 pp.. I6 plr. R IM. 011 nnrl m~s flrldr o l the t*E*rtn IntrrInr snrl northern TpnlkCml hIeasumanrl of Ihe Vpper

rrprnrrho~i#r anrl Tcrllnr)- nl I ~ P Z I P - V Q ~ titlli t-met. hy G . 1. A d a % 1901. 64 pp., 10 p14 (Our of ~trwl; \

B Em T l ~ r PPIIIIIPII*II~ n'latlonn ant1 rll~tflhritlnn nl plstlnnm und n m h t d memls, by Sf. F. K m p . IW. W* 1111.~ 0 plr. (Out of rtrlvk.)

B 198. Tl~r Rer4.n r r l l of1 ~ n f l 111 t h ~ l k # l t z qiirdvnnalc. 47hl0, by W. T. Grlsaold. 1902. 47pp.. 1 pl. PP1. Prellminnry rlnpnrl nn tllc Kq.trhlSrnn mlnl ir~ ~lEutrlrr.AIn*kn. wtth an l n t m d n ~ w ~ k ~ t c h nt

the ~rol i tuy nf w~rlthmrrcrr~ Al*akn, hy ,I l h ~ l 1 I i i l ~ R m n k s . 1% 120pp. 2 PI=. B a0ll. Rfronnnlw~nfv n l thu lmrnx rlcprnltr trl Ihmi h 1'ntlry nnti lohare m. by M. R. Camphcll.

19m. 3 rqr.. 1 PI. R WL Twra for mltl an11 sllvcrln rhnlw fm!n rert(.rn Knnmr, bp trAMemRr H n m n . I*. 21 pp. P P 1 . R ~ c o n n n t w o r o nf the lrorthwwtern llortirln ol Kewanl Pminntla, Ala~ka . hy A. f. C4jlllrr.

IWE 70 pp., 11 plk

1

SP 10. Reoonndmnce Imm Fmt Bamlln to Rotwbue Bound, Almka, bp of Dall. Knnutl, Allen ~ n d Kownk 19- by IV. C. Nendcnhall. 1Bm. W pp., loplk

FP 11. CI*?s ol tile I*nl@d 6tatp4 ennt nf thc Ml&Ippf R ~ P ~ T , hy 1Ielnrlcb Rles. 1349. m pp..lpla PP 12. Gmlopy o l the Olohe m p p r dlclrlrbt, Arlmn~, by Ir. L. Hnnmme. Jm, 164 pp., 2? ph, B 212. 011 Aclrln of the T ~ X R ~ U I I I I ~ B I I R Iil11t Crmtnl lraln, by C. \V. Reyes and WIUIam Kennedy.

1Rt3. 174 p ~ . ~ 11 ply B 213. C~tltrihUtiOll~ tn mnomlc w l n ~ y , 1$M: H. F. Rmmonn, C. W. Ray% gw1- In chaqe.

11101. 449pp. PPl5. The mincrnl rtmurcrn af thc Mmnt Wmmell dMrlct, Alsskn, by U'. C. Mendenhall and

F. C. SchrBdet. 1909. 71 pp., I0 plr. B 218. Con1 rcnorlm nt the I 'nko~ , Alnrka, by A, J . PollIsr. 1m. 7 l pp., tl pla. B 219. Theorc d~pndts of Tunoph, Kev~rla (pwtlmInary mrtl, by J. E, sptlrr, 1905. 81 pp., 1 pl. PP 20. A remnnnimnce l o nortbcn~ Alnnkr, in 1931, by F. C. Arhrndcr 1BW. 188 pp., If3 p 1 ~ . PP 21. a e o l o ~ y ant1 r lwdmlto of the nlsbcx! qnnrlmn~lc, Arizona, Irr F.L. Rnnsorne. 1804. 1SB pp.,

29 pis. B S, Gypurn d e W W of the I'nltcll RCatm, bg O. I. Adama md wtheh. 1#4. 129 pp., 21 p l ~ PP29. Zlnr R ~ A lpnrldqmlho[nnrlhern krknnms, hy G . I . hdamn. 7 8 0 4 . 1lPpp.*27pl~ PI. 2.5. c o p v r depmltu of the Rnmrupmcr~t dlrtrfct, \Ityoming-Colomrlo, hy A. C. Clpencer. 1 W .

Po7 pp.- 2 1'1~. 13 225. Coilltlhutlonu tn woaomlr: ~ I c t g y , 18(Yd; 3. F, EZamou~, C, W. Hams, ~ ~ n l o ~ i a t 8 in charge.

1934. u27 pp., 1 pl, PP m. Ecunnmlc ri.uo\ima of the northern Black Rilln, by J . D, lwing, wlth ~wtrlbutions by 5. F.

h3nmon.r nnd T. A.-Jamr, jr. IPM. 222 pp., 20 p l s pP !b'. L. w ~ l o ~ l r a t rcconnalprwr~oe ncrosg tho Rlttrrmot Henge m d Clearwater Mountains In Yon-

tan& anti Irlaho, by W~ilrlrmlrr Lilld~rerl. IW. JW pp., 15 pls. B m. Ttn dem!tq 01 the I'otk rcdon, AIwku, by A. J . Collier. 1BW. 61 pp., 7 pls. R ZS. The ~oorruplno placer dlutrlr-t, A~HRIIR, by C. W. W r l ~ h t . lW1. 85 pp., 10pls.

9ERTFa B, DRSCRrPTIVE GEOWQY.

B 2L Observntion! nn the jwncttm between the Fnstem rend~tone nnll the Keweenaw neriee w Keweenaw Point, take Boperlor. by R. D. lrrlng rind T. C. Chmberlin. 1%. 124pp., 37 p1.l.

B 83. Notm on ~ e o l w of nor(hcm Califomla, by J . S, D flier. I&%. 23 pp. (Oo t of w k . ) II 39. The zlyrpr karbes and d p l m of Glwbl lake Agami;, by W a r n Upham. 1W7. 81 pp., 1 pl.

{but of rtak.) B 40. C h m p In river mum In \Vafihlngton Twrltety dne to glaciation, by Bdley Willis. 1987.

10 pp., 4 plo. l01mt r ~ t rtock.) B U. The p e n t condltioa of knorlfxlge of the wlmy of Team* by IL T. Alll. f $57. 94 pp. (Out

of 8tm-h.) B .M. Tne gwlq?y nt Nmntacket, W. B. Bhslw. 1 M . mpp., I0 pIa. (Out of rdoek.) B 57. 'A peo~wical reconndmnce in muthwestem Kanslla. by Robert Hay. 1m. 49 pp., ap~a. R SR. The~laclal borlndatyin rrs*crn Penmyluania, Ohlo, Kmtuckg, lndlaaa, and Ilhnols. by G. F.

Wriahr, wlth in~cmductlrbr~ bf T. C. rhsmkrUn. 1Rw. 112 pp.. $I pls. (Out nf ~ t n c k . ) B 67. Thc relntioll3 nl tho tmp- of tbc h'ewrrk w t e m In the h'ew J c m y region, by N. 11. Darton.

1m. za pp. (nut of rtwk.) I3 1W. CtIa~-i~tlm~Ot the Tcllnwstonc Valley north of the Park. by W. R. W e d . 1m 41 &.. 4 pls.

-

B lae. h m l n ~ i c ~ l monnalmncc In centrsl WwbhgtMI, by I . C. R m l I . 18B. I(YJ pp., 12 pla (0111 ~ > f -tcrk.)

33 118. A ~ w l q I w E r r ~ ~ ~ ~ n d Q m n c e In northweat Wyoming, by G. 11. Eldridge. 1884, 32 pp., 4 pla B 197. f i r freologp 01 the Fort Riley Milltats Rmn'aUon and vicldty, li-, by Robefi Eay.

1mi. 3; pp., R PI*. R 14. Thc morninm a1 the Ylro~ud O D t w aad thelr attendant depoaitrr, by J. E Todd l€E% 7 l

pn., 21 pin. B 145. The mnrnlnw d mnthnstern gourh Dnkots and their attenhnt A m & , hp 1. E Todd

1 % ~ . I ~ L pp., n pln B 15C1. The geolopy of emtcm BerhbIm County. M&llaet& by B. K. Em-. 18% 13!! pp..

8 pls. R I&. Contr~hnt lo~ to tbe gmlogy of W Q e , bJ' 8. FI. WillIBrns and &. E. Gmwrr. 19Ml 2I2 pp..

14 pl r WS 70. snB mter m r c w of the Patrlck and h h e n Bole qoadranflm in -tern W p

m i n ~ ~ n r l wmam Sehra~ke , G . I. Adumh 19m 5(l pp. 11 pls. B 1~73. O w l o g y and .water mwurcen of the Snnke River P l n l n ~ of Idaho, by 2. C. R m s ~ 1 I . 1% 192

PF.. >?I,]% $PI. Prrl~mlnnr)' mpwt m the KetcNknn mlning dbtr(ct. Almk% wlth an innodnctms &ekb d

thc RCI~~IPJ. nf ~routl~elutern Xla*Ya, b~ A. H. B m b . 19M. 120 pp., 2pla PP 9. Rec~mrhaiuinre of tbc nortllweutPm p r t h Of Sew& Pealnsnls, A h a h . bp A. J. cwnim.

l'J02, 70 pp., 11 pln

h D\'XWPlARMEY T. I l l

PPB. W l m y and p c t v p h r nt Crntcr I r k r XntIonnl h r k , h,- J. F. Rlllet and A. B, Panon 1m, If37 pp-+ lY pl*,

I1f' 10. Rtmnnai*nnre Inkm Fnfl flarnlln tn liotmhue Sound, Alaska, hy way ul Dall, h n u t i . Men, ntrrl Kowak rlvem, h!- \V. C. M~ndcnh~II . t'IRL. 8n pp., 10 ptr.

PP t t, flnysol the r'nltd State. twt of thr a l l . u l9a ln~ l Rlvc*r, hp tlcl~~rlrh RIH. 19(K 299 t!p.,%p!~. llp 1% Cvnlmy rrl the Cilohm cnoppr dlsttlrt, ~ r l u ~ n n , Try F. I, Hnt~rrrme, JBDX, 184 pp., 27 pls. PID 18. Dralnnye nr1dlnrntinn9 In m~~rh t - r~ t c r r~ Ol~lrr ~ n r t firljwent partr c ~ l \Vest Ylrginin ~ n d Ren-

tuck!, hy w. t{. Tinlit. I*:. 11 I l~p., 17 p. A m . K ~ ~ ~ i p t i v c *twj\my nl Se~n<Cn math r r l l l ~ r lr~fi ieth pnrnllel mil nrljnctrnt portlons of Cali-

Irlrrlll~, hy J, rC. Hp~lrr, l W r r PL'?u pp., R ph. U 20II. (9mlawy of Ar.altnv)* htour~tnlr~, Ycrnlnnt, hy H. A, Dnly. 1W. Impp., 7pl6. \Va 3. I'rpllrnlr~ary rtbprt on nrta~ulnll tmul i~~ In nrrntbwretcrn I~lttho nnd r v~u t l~u tc rn Oregon, by

I . (I. n11wc1 I, i im, 51 pp.. 2 [ k h .

IIP 15. SIln~rnl nhmt]rrt.r (11 thc %Y#IIIII( \ \*ral i~rl l rllntrlc.t, hlnskn, by W. F. Mendenhall knd F. C. Whnrrlrr. 19M. 71 pp., 10 plr.

PP t7. Pn*Zlnifn~ry rryRt rm \lie *rr>la~y r~n i l rater renallrcen of Xobrnuka wwt of the m e hundred anti t t11d mvF!(llnn, t ~ y X , #I. lhtrt~~ii. lm. OiI ppVa 4:) [)Is,

ii 217. Note. on tlrr! prllna). of mntl~wfatrrrk Irlnl~rt nnal roltrhawrcrn Orcgon, hf I. C. Kuwl l . 1W. pp., t n plr,

El 21% T ~ I P ow ~PPCMI~H UI T o n n ~ h , NCYRI~R (pw \ lm l~ l~ ry r@wrt), by 5 . P.. Zlpurr. 19WI 31 pp, 1 pl. Iml'2r), h rrbc-~rntlalvw~~rr In northern ,\IIIR~IL III tW1, hs F. U. Whmrlrr. IW4. IS8 pp., 14pIa. P'lD21. Thr ~ w j l a ~ ~ y nrid om i l ~ p d l n c r l l l lu B l r l x ~ a~ l l~dn in~ le , Arl~nnn, hp P. L. Rnnmrne. 1904.

\PA pp., '29 ~ r l * . IVU WI, a t q r l r ~ y sr14 water mourner of part of the lover Jt~rnpsr ttiv~r f ~ ~ l l e f . W ~ i t h Dakota, by J. E.

Todd and C. $1. HmI1. 1W1. 47 pp., 21 1 r l ~ . PPS. The rmopprc!eptmllnofthe E!icrmprncnl dlrlrlcl.Wyarn!n~,l~y h.C.Rpencer. 1%. IW/pp.,'LQla H". k a o m l c rwrirrm ol 11orll11.nt I l l l~ rk Ilillr, by J. It ImInu, wlth chapters by B. P. Emmons

and T. A. Jwnrr. jr. I tW. Z2pp. . :Vplu. I'P 27. Rtv>lrwlcal ~ r r l t ~ n u h n f v I ICPT~.~ ~ I IC NItt~brmt H n n ~ r nnd the C I e ~ i m ~ t ~ r M~mnlainu IU Mon-

tU?blI &!ltk 1dllh4h. \ ~ l l ~ ~ ! l ~ f l h f l ~ ~ 4 ~ I l f l ~ ~ ~ V l . lmi, 122 prt,, 15 PI*. f'P81. Prt~ll~trlr~nry ~ ( w r t otr rllc ynvllwy I%( zhc hrkrwkle lucd \VlrtiLta molmtmlns i n IndlanTwrl-

tur> n11tC C)kl~~hnmn, I J ~ f. .\. I'l~lf, tvllh r l r l uppntltx nn ~lrrrrlled c r r e dv.lroatlle In the WchIta >I(XUIIM~I~~ 11). I!. P-. n a ~ t ~ . l\wt. t~ pp.. n IS.

R B L . A grololtlvnl mwnnnlmt~r-c mnww- thr I 'nfflrrlr h n p r nmr the [%my-nlnlh prrafl~l. by G. 0. Nmlth r11d F. G. Onlkvnr, 1RU. lh'i MS., 4 ldr.

A 'm. Thrb Rmrrplnm placer r l i * l r l~t . Aful l i , I*r C. IF. t V r I ~ h @ , lW. %5 pp., I0 pla.

m-9 CATALOGTIT! BLIPS.

[Motlnt each rlip npn a wpnmte ran!, plaling !lap ~ u l ~ j r r t ~t the tcbp c1I t h ~ m m d lip. The 11an8e nf tltr wrjrtl PELOKII*~ ttnt wre(watt-1 un the w e r i v ~ mnl, l r r ~ t ttre ndrlitir*nal nr~nblvr~ ~houkE lw arlrled, nn nq~riymiw lo t hr flwt erhtry.1

Wright, Charles W. . . . The Posclipine placer district, .4laska, by Charles

g 1 . I t \lYashington, Gm't print. oE., 2904. i?

$5, I r 1 1). i l~un., I 0 pl, linrl. ir~nlra 3 j m 1 . ( G. P. {;wI~~+I 911ney. Rl11- letill nfb. LmL)

Puhjert merim: A, Iknnnrjaic prologv, 3:; TI, M t i p t i v t * pwIolt?., 4%

Wright, Charles W. . . . The Porcrtpine placer district, Alaska, by Charles

IY. Wright. lf'xshington, Gov't print. nff., 1904. 5 .I.

%i, rrt p. il\ue., 10 pl. linrl. mnmp) 'B?*. ( T. S. Gmlnpir.~l n l r v r y = Uul- letin no. S.)

FnhjPd W R ~ : A, Fmnomir. mlw, 37; B, I'~wri11tirr Upnlrm, 42.

U, S. GeoIogical survey.

5* Bulletins. - no. 236. hV~ght , C. IY. The Porcupine placer district,

Alaska. 1904.

5 U. S. Dept. of the Interior, e see also 5 U. S, Geological survey.

Bull. W 4 - A