Overview of Organic FarmingAPEDA
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Asia – 4.0 m ha
Africa – 1.7 m ha
collection area
harvest
IMPORTANT CROPS GROWN • Grassland/ grazing land 23.2 m ha • Arable cultivated 6.3 m ha
Cereals & rice 2.6 m ha Green fodder 2.2 m ha Oil seeds 0.5 m ha Protein crops 0.3 m ha Vegetables 0.22 m haVegetables 0.22 m ha Permanent crops 2.6 m ha
Coffee (0.6mha) Olives (0.5 m ha) Nuts (0.2 m ha) Cocoa (0.20 m ha)
GLOBAL TRADE Market size – 81.6 billion US$ (2015)
Market Growth – 170% over 2002
Leading regions – Europe, N. America
Leading market – USA, Germany
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NATIONAL PROGRAM ON
ORGANIC PRODUCTION (NPOP)
Launched during 2001
USDA recognized conformity Assessment system
Equivalence with Canada, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan - expected soon
28 Accredited certification bodies 10 in public sector10 in public sector
18 in Private sector
Wild harvest collection
(APEDA, Ministry of Commerce, Govt of India
CERTIFIED ORGANIC - OVERALL
Total area under organic 44.52 lakh ha
Farm Area registered 14.438 lakh ha
In-conversion 7.94 lakh ha
Organic 6.486 lakh ha
Total production (Wild harvest) 0.21 lakh ton
MAJOR STATE PLAYERS (2016-17)
Rank State Cultivated Area
2. Maharashtra 2.80 2.55
3. Rajasthan 2.29 0.64
5. Karnataka 0.90 1.64
6. Sikkim 0.76 0.20
8. Gujarat 0.76 0.41
9. Uttarakhand 0.53 0.28
10. Kerala 0.26 0.10
and not total production
MAJOR STATE PLAYERS (AREA)
Pulses 62931
Plantation crops 47837
Pulses
Plantation
Spices & …
Oilseeds
Value in Rs Crore
1. Oil seeds 1.32
3. Processed foods 0.67
9. Medicinal 0.022
10. Coffee 0.022
EXPORT DESTINATIONS (2015-16)
Total Exports (quantity) 3.039 lakh tons
Total Export value in Rs 2478 crore (370 mi $)
Important destinations
Canada 193 crore
Switzerland 56 crore
Australia 42 crore
Japan 20 crore
Important Commodities Exported
Non-basmati rice 37,210 tons
Pulses 9,500 tons
Tea 6186 tons
Sesame 3745 tons
Amaranth 3455 tons
Coffee 1924 tons
and dehydrated fruits
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PGS
Participatory Guarantee System (PGS- India) – Applicable only for domestic market but voluntary
EMERGING REGULATORY SCENARIO
Draft rules says:
No person shall manufacture, pack, sell, offer for sale, market or otherwise distribute or import any organic foods unless they comply with the requirements laid down under these comply with the requirements laid down under these regulations.
Any food offered or promoted for sale as ‘organic food’ shall comply with all the applicable provisions of one of the following:
1. National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP);
2. Participatory Guarantee System for India (PGS-India)
EXCEPTION UNDER FSSAI RULES However, organic food that is marketed through direct sales
by the original producer/producer organization to the end consumer is exempt from the need of verification of compliance.
Requirements for Imports Organic food imports under bilateral or multilateral Organic food imports under bilateral or multilateral agreements on the basis of equivalence of standards between National Programme for Organic Production and the organic standards of the respective exporting countries shall not be required to be re-certified on import to India subject to their compliance with the provision of the Act & the Rules & Regulation made thereunder
WHAT IT MEANS
It will be mandatory to obtain FSSAI Organic food license for selling any organic food
License shall be granted only to those products which are certified under NPOP or PGS-India
Non- compliance of any organic food with the provisions of these regulations shall attract penal provisions under theFSS Act, and be liable for action as a false, misleading or deceptive claim
National Programme for Organic
Equivalence with Canada, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan - expected soonTaiwan - expected soon
28 Accredited certification bodies
10 in public sector
18 in Private sector
(APEDA, Ministry of Commerce, Govt of India
OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE Department of
Traceability is a continuous system of documentation to
trace back the entire value chain till the last end (farmer)
In case if problem is detected in product it helps in pin
pointing the source and location of problem
Entire NPOP operation data is on-line on Tracenet
Entire operation can be monitored on real time basis
Provides full traceability
generation
documentations
New Additions
ORGANIC CERTIFICATION
Organic certification system is a quality assurance initiative, intended to assure quality, prevent fraud and promote commerce, based on set of standards and ethics.
It is a process certification for producers of Agricultural products from crop, livestock, poultry, Aquaculture, food processing, animal feed, mushrooms, Sea weeds, aquatic plants and green house crops.
WHY CERTIFICATION?
consumer separated by distance
Quality has been addressed.
Effective marketing tool for
traceability
REQUIREMENTS
• Inspection
• Assessment of inspection in relation to the requirements of the organic standard
• Decides about issuing of certificates, conditions and • Decides about issuing of certificates, conditions and sanctions
• Written confirmation that a process or product is in compliance with standards
• Certificate is granted
• Monitoring the market for misuse of certification mark or label
LABELLING
certification system
products
Conversion (24-36 months) – During this period all
requirements to be followed
Seed/ planting material to be organic or chemically not treated
No synthetic inputs used directly or indirectly
(fertilizers, pesticides, hormones)(fertilizers, pesticides, hormones)
All inputs to be of natural and organic origin or naturally mined
minerals as per the permitted and not permitted list
Using natural cycles, best management practices to avoid diseases
and pests. In case if inputs are used they shall be organic
No Genetically modified organisms
PRINCIPLES OF STANDARDS (LIVESTOCK)
Landless animal husbandry not allowed
Conversion (3 – 24 months) – During this period all requirements to be followed
Breeds to be born on organic farms (parents may be normal)
No synthetic feed or feed additives used
No antibiotics, allopathic drugs, hormones
Animals to be reared under care with adequate space for normal behavior.
Breeding through natural means
Animals not to be tied or kept in cages, no mutilations
No Genetically modified organism, no embryo transfer etc
PRINCIPLES OF STANDARDS (FOOD PROCESSING AND HANDLING)
Entire organic processing is to be done separately in space and
time with no chances of mixing with non-organic
Ensure integrity through out the process-no mixing and co-
mingling
Storage shall also be in compliance with the standards and no Storage shall also be in compliance with the standards and no
chemicals/ fumigants are used
All ingredients in organic processing shall be certified organic (in
exceptional cases 5% non-organic ingredients can be used to
meet nutritional or sensory requirements)
Processing – Physical, mechanical and biological
Additives, aids and preservatives as per approved list
PROCESS OF CERTIFICATION BY
Agreement
Calculation of input/output norms, production estimates etc.
Assessment of production system
Interview with responsible persons
Part Conversion and Parallel Production Part Conversion and Parallel Production
Inspection for Use of Genetically Engineered Products
Use of off-farm inputs
processing process
Applicable to producer groups, farmer’s cooperatives, contract production and small scale processing units.
The producers in the group must apply similar production systems and the farms should be in geographical systems and the farms should be in geographical proximity.
Group needs to develop an Internal Control System (ICS)
WHAT IS INTERNAL QUALITY SYSTEM
A group of producers create internal team for some tasks
External certification agency delegates some inspection tasks to this group (known as IQS)
IQS undertakes inspection on behalf of CB IQS undertakes inspection on behalf of CB Certification agency evaluates the working of IQS
and do random field inspection for verification Certification is granted to group as a whole as one
unit
Manager
Register group with certification agency
Maintain each member’s documents
Internal inspections Internal inspections
External inspections
Launch of National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) during 2001
NPOP created the institutional mechanism for promotion and certification of organic products.
2004- National Project on Organic Farming and established National Centre of Organic Farming
2004-ICAR started Network Project on Organic Farming Research
2015- Alternate certification system under PGS-India program and launched ParamparagatKhetiVikasYojna (2015) with an allocation of Rs 500 crore.
Mission Organic Value Chain Development for NE Region to create 100 value chain models having end-to-end value chain (Rs. 300 crore).
National Organic Farming Research Institute (NOFRI) at Sikkim by ICAR
FSSAI brought organic food under FSS Act and made certification under NPOP or PGS as mandatory requirement for sale in domestic market in 2017.
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Uttarakhand and Sikkim declared intention to go organic in 2003-04.
13 states have defined policies on organic farming.
Sikkim has already achieved its goal of becoming India’s first 100% certified organic state (January 2016).
Uttarakhand has dedicated institutional mechanism for Uttarakhand has dedicated institutional mechanism for organic promotion and marketing (Uttarakhand Organic Commodity Board)
Organic Farming authority of Jharkhand
Karnataka Govt has created many Organic Farmer Producer Companies and are facilitating market linkages.
Four State Agricultural Universities have established Centers of Excellence/ Institutes on Organic Farming.
State Certification bodies ( 10 ) 47
THE JOURNEY SO FAR
Research proved that it is equally productive
Area has grown up to more than 1.5 million ha under
NPOP and about 1 lakh ha under PGS
Production is more than 1.4 million tonsProduction is more than 1.4 million tons
Confidence of farmers are growing
Government support is also growing
Market demand is robust
market
with no assurance
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Farmers search for market – but unable to
access
During last 4 years more than 3.00 lakh ha area went out
of certification mainly because of no market access
GROWER GROUP SCENARIO
Grower Groups 3315
Range (in no/group) 50-500
Average land/farmer 1.4 ha
Not the owner of the ICS
No market access
No commitment
Poor quality of produce
Central and State Governments converted more than 8.0 lakh ha area
in last 10 years, but lack of planning in area, crops, commodities and
no connectivity with trade led to loss of this area, which reverted
back to conventional
distributed over large area
E.g. 50 ha cluster per district is of no commercial
valuevalue
Thinly distribution of resources and money
OTHER CORE ISSUES
Absence of technology
Problems in pest management – resulting into default
Contamination control not properly addressed Contamination control not properly addressed
Majority of them partly converted (parallel production – high risk)
Absence of organic seeds
Malpractices leading to loss of trust among consumers
WHAT IS THE
WAY OUTWAY OUT
Large area, limited spread, less growers
Target large and medium farmers in first phase, small farmers can join in-between and on periphery
100% organic adoption (no part conversion/ parallel production)
Commitment to organic is the key Commitment to organic is the key
Bring-in technology (for intercrops, cover crops, rotations, mixed cropping)
Ensure on-farm inputs production
Empower farmers with institutions
Easier in collection and aggregation
Commercially viable
Reduced chances of contamination
Farmers know each other, share the experiences and inputsFarmers know each other, share the experiences and inputs
Can draw common strategies
100% conversion ensures integrity
COMMODITY SPECIFIC CLUSTERS
Target 2-3 commercial crops
Ensure adequate volume
Each cluster must be able to produce sizeable Each cluster must be able to produce sizeable
marketable surplus (>100 tons)
Put concentrated efforts with
connectivity
continuous villages
starting from farm to fork
Collection and aggregation centresCollection and aggregation centres
Transportation support
Integrated processing
Create state-wide e-platform for direct marketing
FARMER’S EMPOWERMENT
companies (FPCs)
be developed under farmers ownership
Integrate only those farmers who are willing and Integrate only those farmers who are willing and
committed
organic farmers market in medium towns
Encourage for direct marketing in nearby towns and
cities. Hype for export and high premiums may be
counterproductive
Organic also need to be developed on this premise
Market is every whereMarket is every where
If prices are affordable then even small and medium
town consumers will be willing to buy organic
It is not important where you sell, important is how
much value you realize
CONCLUSION
Today organic farming is not the same as was in 1950s
It is intensive and has grown with science
Equally productive
Consumers are demanding safe and healthy food
Complexities and adverse impact of agrochemicals also led to the promotion of organic farming and food.
So far it has grown on the strength of traditional wisdom
But to grow further it needs institutional support for research, inputs, regular flow of technologies, varieties and seeds and research, inputs, regular flow of technologies, varieties and seeds and compatible mechanization
Organic as on today may be 15-20% low yielder in intensive cultivated area but 20-25% high yielder under rainfed
Multi-cropping system/ diversified systems are better adapted and promise 15-205 higher yields
THANK YOU