ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEO ENGINEERING

SEPULUH NOPEMBER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY [ITS]

OUTERMOST SMALL INDONESIAN

ISLANDS WATER MANAGEMENT IN

MAINTAINING SOVEREIGNTY AND

PUBLIC WELFARE

BY:

PROF IR WAHYONO HADI MSC PHD

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1 Reformasi Birokrasi dan Tata Kelola

2 Pendidikan

3 Kesehatan

4 Penanggulangan Kemiskinan

5 Ketahanan Pangan

11 Prioritas Nasional

Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu II (dua) 6 Infrastruktur

7 Iklim Investasi dan Iklim Usaha

8 Energi

9 Lingkungan Hidup dan Pengelolaan Bencana

10 Daerah Tertinggal, Terdepan, Terluar, & Pasca-konflik

11 Kebudayaan, Kreativitas dan Inovasi Teknologi

5 lau K

Sentut, Tokong Malang Biru, Damar, Mangkai,

Tokong Nanas, Tokong Belayar, Tokong Boro, Semiun,

Sebetul, Sekatung, Senua, Subi Kecil, Kepala, Iyu Kecil,

Karimun Kecil, Nipa, Pelampong, Batu Berhanti,

Nongsa

Sibarubaru,

Sinyaunyau,

Mega

Enggano

Batu Kecil

Simuk, Wunga

Rondo, Berhala, Salaut Besar, Salaut Kecil,

Rusa, Raya, Simeulucut

Sebatik, Gosong Makasar, Maratua,

Lingian, Salando, Dolangan, Bangkit,

Manterawu, Makalehi, Kawalusu,

Kawio, Marore, Batu Bawaikang,

Miangas, Marampit, Intata, Kakarutan

Liki, Bepondi, Bras, Fanildo, Miossu,

Fani, Budd, Jiew

Deli

Manuk,

Nusakambangan

Panehan, Sekel,

Barung

Sophialouisa

Dana (ada 2), Batek, Alor,

Mangudu, Liran Wetar,

Kisar, Leti, Meatimiarang

Masela, Selaru, Batarkusu,

Asutubun, Larat, Batu Goyang,

Enu, Karang, Kultubai Selatan,

Kultubai Utara, Panambulai,

Karaweira, Ararkula, Laag,

Kolepon

Berhala

LAUT

1. OUTERMOST ISLANDS ( SOVEREIGNTY SHIELD)

2. SMALL ISLANDS MANAGED BY COMMUNITY (MARITIME CULTURAL CENTER)

3. SMALL ISLANDS WITH HI ECONOMY (ANAMBAS ISLANDS, SERIBU ISLANDS, RAJA AMPAT ISLAND)

ISLANDS MANAGEMENT CATEGORY

31 POPULATED OUTERMOST SMALL ISLANDS

POPULATED OUTERMOST SMALL ISLANDS

CONDITION

7. Kisar Island 7. Pelampong Island

7. Miangas Island 7. Marampit Island

UNPOPULATED OUTERMOST SMALL ISLAND

CONDITION

2 Mangkai Island

3 Nipa Island

4 Nongsa Island

1 Kepala Island

BATEK

ISLAND, NTT

(09 15 33 S,

123 59 15 E)

92 OSI

(PERPRES 78/2005)

NKRI MONUMENT

IN MIANGAS ISLAND

19

OUTERMOST SMALL ISLANDS (OSI)

POPULATED

UNPOPU-LATED

COORDINATION

TEAM OSI MGT

POL_LAW_SEC

COO MINISTRY

(CHAIRMAN)

MIN OF MARINE

& FISHERIES

VICE CHAIRMAN &

DAILY COORDINATOR

O B S T A C L E S & P R O B L E M S O U T E RMOST S M A L L I S L A N D S

• Detail data & information on Outermost Small Islands (OSI) a s a b a s e f o r d e v e l o p m e n t is not yet available

• Limited accessibility of basic infrastructure and trans- portation infrastructure to and from O S I

• The lack of integration of programs and activities in OSI, each Ministry/ National Institute is still sectoral

• The synergy of OSI Working Team with National Body of Frontier Authority is still not optimal

• The role of the private sector and universities has not been fully involved, both through CSR and campus activities in OSI

Mngm’t Mandate of Outermost Small Islands

• Law No 27 Year 2007 on Coastal Areas

Management and L a w No 1 Year 2014

on the Change of Law No 27 Year 2007

• Presidential Decree No 78 Year 2005 on

Outermost Small Islands Management

• G o v e r n m e n t R e g No 62 Year 2010 on

Utilization of Outermost Small Islands

• Gov Dev Plans 2005-2025 related to the

Direction of National Development

• Min Reg No 20 Year 2008 on Utilization

of Small Islands & the Surrounding

Water

Substances of Law No 1 Year 2014

Investment Regulation

in Small Islands

a. legal entity in the form of a limited liability company; b. guarantee public access; c. un-populated

d. not yet utilized by local community;

e. should be coperated with local community;

f. exchange stock gradually to local community;

g. transfer technology; and

h. pay attention to ecological, social and economic aspecs

of the local community .

Article 26 A Utilization of small islands and utilization of surrounding

waters in the context of foreign investment must obtain

the Minister's permission

Foreign investment as referred to in paragraph (1) must

prioritize national interests.

Permit as referred to in paragraph (1) is given after getting

a recommendation from the regent/ mayor.

Permit as referred to in paragraph (1) must meet the

following requirement:

Focus on Infrastructures Laaaannnnjjjjuuuuttttaaaannnn........

Infra-structures

Fish Tourism Infrastruct

Water Sup-ply Infrstr

Energy In-frastruct

Supporting Products

C O O P E R A T I O N O N C O M M U N I T Y E M P O W E R -

M E N T I N S M A L L I S L A N D S W I T H U N I V E R S I T I E S

MOU Agreement between Dit Gen Coastal Small Islands - Marine

& Fisheries Ministry and Unhas, ITS, UGM, Undip, UI, Kalpatma

Foundation for Development Acceleration in Outer Small Islands

SEA WATER DESALINATION

BUT DUE TO HI OPERASIONAL COST, SUSTAINABILITY OF WA-TER SUPPLY IS QUESIONABLE. MORE SOLID SYSTEM OF RO TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT IS REQURED.

Table 1. 14 Biggest SWRO plants in the world

No Country Location Capacity Operation Membran manufacturer (MGD) (year) 1 Israel Sorek 624000 2013 Dow/Hydranauties 2 Israel Hadera 456000 2010 Dow 3 Israel Ashkelon 330000 2005 Dow 4 Saudi Arabia Shuqaiq 216000 2008 Toyobo 5 Saudi Arabia Rabigh 205000 2008 Toyobo 6 Algeria Hamma 200000 2008 Toray 7 Algeria Mostaganem 200000 2010 Dow 8 Algeria Souk Tieta 200000 2010 Nitto/Hydranauties 9 Algeria Beni Saf 200000 2008 Nitto/Hydranauties 10 UAE Fujairah 170000 2003 Nitto/Hydranauties 11 Saudi Arabia Shuaiba 150000 2009 Toray 12 Spain Valdelentisco 140000 2007 Dow 13 Trinidad & Tobago Point Lisas 136000 2002 Toray 14 Singapura Tuas 136000 2005 Toray

WHY SEA WATER ?

• TDK ADA DAERAH YG KLAIM MEMILIKI

• SUMBER AIR TDK TERBATAS • BANYAK KANDUNGAN MINERAL

• FUEL CELL GENERATOR (H2 + 1/2O2= H2O + E)

o POT INDUSTRIES: NaOH, CHLORINE

• TDK ADA DAERAH YG KLAIM MEMILIKI

• SUMBER AIR TDK TERBATAS • BANYAK KANDUNGAN MINERAL • BANYAK KANDUNGAN MINERAL

• ECOTOURISM: FLOATING POOL

• ABUNDANCE OF MINERALS [SALT/ NIGARI] • NO BODY CLAIM THE PROPERTY

• UNLIMITED WATER RESOURCES

•DUE TO AUTONOMY, SPRING WTR IS EXPENSIVE

PROCESS SELECTION

• INTAKE AND SUPPORTING BUILDING

• PRE TREATMENT

• DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (OPTIONAL)

• RAPID SAND FILTER

• ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER

• CATRIDGE FILTER/ MICRO FILTER

• SWRO REJECT WATER (70%) + TREATED WATER (30%)

• BWRO REJECT WATER (40%) + TREATED WATER (60%)

• RESERVOIR DISTRIBUTION (POTABLE WATER)

DES

ALI

NA

TIO

N C

OST

(R

P/ M

3)

PLANT CAPASITY M3/ DAY

OPEX SWRO & BWRO (100 LPS)

•DUE TO TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, CAPEX/ OPEX OF SWRO/ BWRO TEND TO LOWER

•OPEX SWRO RP. 10.000,- PER M3

•OPEX BWRO RP. 5.000,- PER/ M3

•OPEX SWRO AND BWRO RP. 15.000,- PER M3

• INCLUDE ALL EXPENDITURES SUCH AS ELECTRICITY, MANPOWER, CHEMICALS, AND MAINTENANCE

CAPEX SWRO & BWRO [100 LPS]

• INTAKE & SUPPORTING BUILDING (5-10%) = RP 16.5 M

•PRE TREATMENT (DAF_RSF_ACF_CATRIDGE FILTER) = RP 5 M

• SWRO = RP 130 M

•BWRO = RP 30 M

• TOTAL CAPEX = RP 181.5 M

APLICATION EXAMPLE SCALE 100 LPS

INDUSTRIAL SALT 954 TON/ DAY

NIGARI 1814 M3/ DAY

Gross profit (salt) = 954.000 x 500 = 477 mil/ day (rp 500/ kg)

Gross profit (nigari) = 1814.000 x 500 = 907 mil/ day (rp 10000/20 L)

553 LPS SEAWATER

100 L/ S PO-TABLE WTR

66 LPS REJECT WATER BWRO

166 LPS

387 LPS RW SWRO

SWRO BWRO

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (100 LPS)

Income (per year)

Retribution : Rp 3.153.600.000 (HARGA AIR RP. 1000/ M3)

Floating Pools : Rp 780.000.000 (500 org x 2 x 52 x Rp15 rb)

Salt : Rp 174.105.000.000

Nigari : Rp 331.055.000.000 +

Rp 509.093.600.000

Expenditure (per year)

• Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) : Rp 200.500.380.000 (TOTAL)

SWRO-BWRO : Rp 181.500.000.000

Floating Pools : Rp 10.387.500.000

Evaporation Pond : Rp 8.612.880.000

• Electricity Bill / th : Rp 28.382.400.000

• Chemicals & Manpower / th : Rp 9.460.800.000

• Maintenance Cost / th : Rp 9.460.800.000 +

OPEX : Rp 47.304.000.800 (RP 15.000/ M3)

.

• WHEN BORROWED FUNDS FROM A BANK:

Installments/ year : Rp 101.104.187.000 (for 3 years)

• CONCLUSION

- Retribution from consumers = 100 x 86400/ 1000 x 30 x 12

x 1000 = 3.153.600.000/ year

- Financial ability of the management of SWRO-BWRO = Rp

509.093.600.000/ year

- With OPEX/ year = Rp 47.304.000.800 (production cost RP

15.000/ M3) and

- When added by Capex Rp 200.500.380.000, it only increase

to Rp 247.804.380.800/ year (less than Rp 509.093.600.000/ yr)

- Thus, only within 6 month, Capex will be paid off

OTHER SIDE PRODUCTS • SIDE PRODUCTS FROM ELECTROLYSIS OF REJECT

WATER SWRO: •HYDROGEN GAS, •CHLORINE GAS, • SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaOH)

• SIDE PRODUCTS FROM ELECTROLYSIS OF REJECT WATER BWRO: •HYDROGEN GAS, • SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (NaOCl)

ELECTROLYSIS OF REJECT WATER SWRO

• CHEMICAL REACTION IN A REACTOR CONTAINS REJECT WATER WITH ELECTRODES (EL POS = ANODE, EL NEG = CATODE).

NaCl (aq) Na+ + Cl- H2O H+ + OH- • Anode: 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2 e- (oks) • Catode 2 H + + 2 e- H2 (red) -----------------------------------------------------------------+ NaCl + H2O H2 + Na + +OH- +Cl2

Catode [H2] Anode [Cl2]

ELEKTROLISIS REJECT WATER BWRO

• CHEMICAL REACTION IN A REACTOR CONTAINS REJECT WATER WITH ELECTRODES (EL POS = ANODE, EL NEG = CATODE).

NaCl (aq) Na+ + Cl- H2O H+ + OH- • Anode: 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2 e- (oks) • Catode 2 H + + 2 e- H2 (red) In the solution: Cl2 + OH- HOCl + Cl- HOCl + Na+ NaOCl + H+ -----------------------------------------------------------------+ NaCl + H2O H2 + NaOCl

Catode Anode

UTILIZATION OF HYDROGEN GAS [H2]

• ELECTRICITY PRODUCED FROM FUEL CELL (1 M3_12 JAM):

5583 W X 1000/0.26 = 21.473.076 W = 21 MW

21.473.076 W X 12 JAM X RP 1500 = RP 139 M/ TH

• DIRECT UTILIZATION OF HYDROGEN GAS PRICE : US$ 35/ KG, IN TUBE WITH WORKING PRESSURE 150 BAR [1M3 = 6 L, 1.5 M3 =10 L, 6 M3 = 40 L, 7 M3 = 47 L, 10 M3 = 50 L] MJ H2 = 0.06 KG/M3; 10 M3 = 0.6 KG = 21 $ 260 ML REJECT WATER = 717.5 ML GAS H2 1000 L = 1000/0.26 X 717.5 ML = 2.759 M3/ 12JAM = RP 57 M/YR

• UTILIZATION OF TREATED WATER INTO BOTTLED WATER PRICE : 1 LPS X 86400 X 2000 X 365 = RP 63 M/ YR

• UTILIZATION OF CHLORINE GAS [Cl2] PRICE :

• UTILIZATION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE [NaOH] PRICE :

• PEMANFAATAN SODIUM HIPOKLORIT [NaOCl] PRICE :

IDEA OF SEA TOLL FOR IMPORTANT GOODS (FUEL, CEMENT, RICE, FERTILIZER, COOKING OIL)

• THE IDEA OF SEA TOLL IS TO FLATTEN PRICES OF STRATEGIC GOODS IN ALL AREAS IN INDONESIA

• AS A CONSEQUENCE, HI CROSS SUBSIDY IN TRANSPORTATION OCCUR ESPECIALY FROM EASTERN PART TO WESTERN PART OF INDONESIA

• TO ELIMINATE THE HI CROSS SUBSIDY OF TRANSPORTATION, THERE SHOULD BE COMMODITIES/ PRODUCTS COMING FROM EASTERN PART BACK TO WESTERN PART AS A RESULT OF DEVELOPING WATER DESALINATION FOR SUPPORTING ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN OUTER SMALL ISLANDS I.E. MARINE TOURISM, AQUA CULTURES LIKE SHRIMP, PEARL SHELL CULTIVATION, SEAWEED CULTIVATION, ETC

• THE SIDE PRODUCTS MAY BE OF SALT, NIGARI, BOTTLED WATER, PEARL, SEAWEED AND MANY OTHER SIDE PRODUCTS OF DESALIN-ATION & AQUA CULTURES.

• Investment in Oil storage in Nipa

Island

• Investment in Marine Tourism

• Investment in plantation

and agriculture

• Investment in other commodity

EXAMPLES OF INVESTMENT IN OUTER SMALL ISLAND

CONCEPTUAL MASTERPLAN .NIPA

INVESTMENT IN OIL STORAGE NIPA ISLAND, CITY

OF BATAM

� Area of Island: 50 Hectare,

� Utilized Area: 30 Hectare

� Allocation: Oil Storage

� Investment Value: Rp 5,09 Triliun

� Investor : Surya Mina Asinusa KSO

� Status: Under Construction

THANK YOU