out of sunda by jomon japanese

7/28/2019 Out of Sunda by Jomon Japanese

1/30

7

Japan Review, 27, 19:77

Out of Sunda? Provenance of the Jmon Japanese

Edwin PalmerUniversity o Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

Tis disussion ttts to oni vious singy ontditoysh suts gding th oigins o Jon Jns. T ous is

on tsting Onhis thoy o Hoon outigtion o tho ontinnt o Sundnd in snt-dy Southst Asi ginst thvidn ting to Jon Jn nd th Out o iwn hyothsis oAustonsin ngug diss. It is gud h tht ostgi oodingo Sundnd otd so o inhitnts to igt o oundtn o vn thousnd ys go, nd tht thy oowd th xndingt o uidohyous ost, vntuy to stt in wht is now Jnduing th Jon Piod, in odn with th thoy o gionokts o uiignos utu. It is stssd tht so o ths ow oy sks o Austonsin ngugs. Futh, it is gud

tht th Out o iwn ovnt o Austonsin ngug sksoud hv oud t s igtoy ountow onying thHoon xiu, nd tht n Out o Sund snio o igtionto Jn in th Jon iod is not nssiy ntiy inoti withsuh n Out o iwn thoy.

Introduction

In th st qut ntuy o so th qustion o th tionshi twn th histoiinhitnts o th Jns higo nd oths yond its shos hs n th toi ouh shoy dt. Tis disous nosss wid ng o vidn o dintdisiiny sous, inuding in th ds o hoogy, nthooogy, nd histoi in-guistis. T vious gunts intst t sv oints ut onit t oths. As yt thintst t sv oints ut onit t oths. As yt tht sv oints ut onit t oths. As yt tht oths. As yt thoths. As yt thhs gd no -ut soution to this dt. T snt ssy wi ttt to nvigtssy wi ttt to nvigtwi ttt to nvigtth d though nysis o th gunts in so o ths divs ittus, in od todvn th disussion nd to suggst oiitis tht tk into ount oth th ovsoth th ovsth ovsnd disjuntus in th vidn. T viing thinking hs gon though sv hss,whih in so ss tntount to vot-. A i ovviw is s oows.

Fist, shoo o thought inkd Jon iod (. 3,6 bce1) Jns

nd indignous Jns Ainu with Austonsins, on th sis o ni sunts.

2


2/30

Edwin Palmer

Tis viw, d y B t . (), ws ty oootd y Bndits histoi on-. (), ws ty oootd y Bndits histoi on-(), ws ty oootd y Bndits histoi on-stution o th Jns ngug s hving so Austonsin oots.3 Tis in o shutity sutd tht Jon Jns w th nstos o odn Mionsins ndPoynsins. Tn Hnih () nd un (2) took th d with thi ndingssd iny on dntition, to th t tht whi Jon Jns d to osty td to Ainu nd odn Southst Asins, th oution o th suding Yyoi iod (. bce3 ce) doinnty oisd Nothst Asins who hdigtd to Jn iny though th Kon Pninsu. At th s ti it ws ognizdtht this ws gt ovsiition o th sitution nd tht things w tuy uho ox.6 T ss to hv n itt xotion o th issu o how o why suhSouthst Asin os wnt to Jn in th Jon iod. 7

Aong viws oosing th Jon/southYyoi/noth txonoy, it hs so n o-osd tht it ws t Yayoio who ountd o Southst Asin sts o Jns

utu th thn th Jon.

Whi th sitution in Jon Jn is y no ns , thtin Hoon Southst Asi is no o so.Tis qustion oviousy intts with wht ws hning in Southst Asi t tht

ti. In th witing out tht gion, th inntviw, hiond y Bwood (7),th witing out tht gion, th inntviw, hiond y Bwood (7),th innt viw, hiond y Bwood (7),gus o n Out o iwn snio o Austonsin diss, oiginting in iwn ndoving southwd though Southst Asio o ss whn th Hnih-un s-nio woud hv o oving in oty th oosit dition. T Out o iwnshoo o thought is sd on ointion o vidn o hoogy (tiuy thn o otty nd giutu), ioogi nthooogy, nd histoi inguistis. It, nd histoi inguistis. Itnd histoi inguistis. Its oigin iwns s th nstos o odn Poynsins.

T Out o iwn snio is now in tun ing itiis. T in on th -n o otty hs n hngd, nd it dos not s to xo dquty thinks twn iwn nd Jn, wh otty is dtd vn i thn in iwn.2 Tqustion o th diss o giutu, t on tht it ws y Austonsins, insgy hyothti.3 T hi iti is Onhi, on th gounds tht it dos not t thgnti itu sufinty w, ith. T thois nnot oth ight, sin th i-wn thoy hs Austonsin sks oiginting in th noth nd oving south, whi thSund thoy hs Austonsin-sking o oiginting in th south (unty thoughtto ound W) nd oving noth, within oxity th s ti. Inshot, s sh in this d hs ogssd, it hs tndd to donstt insingy tht

th who itu is xtiony ox.6 As n outsid, so to sk gogh oigi-nyy viw is tht th thois outind ov not nssiy o nothing t-ts o oo o disoo; thy y w oth ight nd wong in ts, nd notnssiy ntiy utuy xusiv. A oon-sns ohtht huns w nvtving in ony on dition t ny tiy oodt ny sts o th viousthois oosd.

Te pproach of this Studpproach of this Studpproach of this StudStudtud

T i o this ssy, thn, is not to reuteoutight ny o th ov ins o soning,

sin thy ontin uh tht is instutiv. T i is to xo th tst snio o-osd, whih I Out o Sund. to now thos who hv xod this hv sid itt. to now thos who hv xod this hv sid itt to now thos who hv xod this hv sid itt to now thos who hv xod this hv sid ittsid itt


3/30

Out o Sund? Povnn o th Jon Jns

out Jn. T ous h is ntiy on Jon Jn nd its tionshi to Southst Asi.h is ntiy on Jon Jn nd its tionshi to Southst Asi.is ntiy on Jon Jn nd its tionshi to Southst Asi.nd its tionshi to Southst Asi.its tionshi to Southst Asi..How usi is Onhis snio in st o Jn?7

Ti (7) ostutd tht dution o nd in Southst Asi duing th iodso ising s v t th I Ags usd insd oution dnsity tht d o tosk nw nds. Onhi otd on this oint nd hngd sv viingshoy viwsinuding th Out o iwn hyothsisin his ook, Eden in the East:Te Drowned Continent o Southeast Asia (Onhi ).).. His in gunt wsHis in gunt wsis in gunt wstht ising s vs usd suh ssu on th diinishing nd tht it od so o thinhitnts o Southst Asi to dt in ny ditions in sh o nw nds. Howv,his intst is in uttiv thust oss th Indin On, nd h sys itt out whtho not so ight hv gon to Jn. Dos Onhis thoy hv vn o thsitution in Jon Jn?

T snt ssy wi suggst tht so o th ignts out o Southst Asi who w

ing o ostgi ooding ndd u in th Jns isnds, vntuy to stt nd -ount o ny o ost o th Southst Asin sts o th Jns oution nd ututht ognizd tody.

I igtions took , thn th o o th ti ust hv n quid with ththnoogy to tv sy nd with uos. It is now gy td tht th histoiinhitnts o Southst Asi w sufinty dvnd to to voyg intntionystwd s s th Sooon Isnds s ong s thity thousnd ys go. T iod un-d sutiny h is uh t: it n sy ssud tht Southst Asins duing thHoon w dy sufinty skid ss.

T hyothsis oosd h, thn, sts on sv xiit ssutions. Fist, tht

someJon Jns oigintd in Southst Asi. Stong vidn o ioogi ntho-oogy, siy with th dvnt o DNA tsting, hs stishd tht so otion o thoution o Jn in th Jon iod ws ovwhingy o osy td to snt-dy Ainu nd Southst Asins thn to ny oths.2 But wh, o isy, did thy oo? Whn? At , th Jon iod std so thitn thousnd ys. Cn w dduwhth thy ivd in stdy ow, o in wvs, nd i so, whn, xty? And whydid thygo to Jn? Whtv oud hv otd th to v thi hond nd hs k ong nd ious voyg to Jn? Ts qustions tht hv so not n dqutyddssd o stistoiy nswd.

Sond, I ssu tht th oution o Jon Jn ws y no ns hoognous.

On th sis gy o ni sunts, Hows (6) onudd tht Jon o-s w vid oy o tiy, nd . . . w ntiy unik odn Jns.2 Psonikwis stts tht nt disovis in Aooi nd southn Hokkido, th Jn S ostgion, nd Kgoshi hv hngd th notion tht th ws sing htnd o JoonCutu in th Chuu nd ohoku gions.22 Cy, in disussing Jon Jns, w ing to th oosition o th oution snning t st thitn inni oss thwho o th snt Jns higo: Jonpeoples, u,is th otiv hs in thquottion ov. I so iv tht th is sufint vidn to suggst tht so sok nAustonsin ngug o ngugs.

Tid, I ssu tht Southst Asins hd th ski nd otn to h Jn y

s outs. I ttt to ddss th qustions owhen nd whyNoithi huns iskd suh


4/30

Edwin Palmer

ong voyg nothwd oss th Pi On. Foowing Onhi, I hyothsizh tht th w-ttstd iv o iignts o Southst Asi to Jn duing thJon iod ws gy, o t st in t, s sut o th ooding o th o SouthstAsin ontinnt o Sundnd, W, nd hs nothn Shund t th nd o thI Ags.

Fouth, I ssu tht whtv th doinnt igtion ows w t ny on ti,on dstintions w xod o sttd it is iky tht th w ountows, n io-tnt ut usi oint tht ss to ut ignod in th ittu. I shoud ik to stsst th outst tht I do not ontnd tht t ny givn oint in ti, igtions to Jn wnssiy unidition. On th onty, to judg y th divsity in th oosition oth oution nd th oniting vidn ging o sh, it ss tht igtionshv tkn oth into nd out o Jn to gt o ss dg, nd oy othto nd o vituy ditions tht th xisting oution sou(s), it, on u-

nts, nd tnsot thnoogy o th ti owd, v sin huns st ivd th.23

Tis woud ount o th viiity (peoples) notd ov. My xintion h o ut-tiv Southst Asin igtion to Jn in Jon tis ssus tht huns w tvingoth to nd o Jn to intt with oth s t th s ti. In oth wods, ththoy tht someJon Jns oigintd in Southst Asi is not xusiv nd in no wyuds th ossiiity tht oth stos o th Jon oution oigintd swh.No dos it xud th ikihood tht so histoi Southst Asin inun on Jndtd o dint iod.

Evidence for Southeast sian Provenance for Jmon Japanese

T o who ivd in Jn soti duing, o thoughout, th Jon iodnd who to hv o o snt-dy Southst Asi, w ost tiny notth st inhitnts o th snt-dy nd o Jn. T is vidn, it snt, ththun ings w snt in Poithi tis, guy o s y s 3, bp.2 Withinsing otnss in th st th is dsing hoogi vidn, ut on th siso wht itt ins hv n idntid, it is ivd y so tht Poithi inhitntsin Jn w oto-Mongooid outions, ost osy td to th skt insound t Liujing, Gungxi Povin, south Chin (ossiy 67, bp), nd th Nih Cv,Swk (. , bp).2 Hnih () suinty suizd th dt to dt outth oigins o th ist Jns. H suotd th viw tht th ,-y-od ins oMintogw Mn, xvtd in Okinw in 7, w ost osy td to Liujingn 7, w ost osy td to LiujingMn nd Noithi Jons, nd tht oth w sii to ontonous SouthstAsin ins.26 Rnty nthooogist B Hiso hs dd MintogwMn to ost sii to th Wjk I sku o nt Jv.27 kiy nd Ot (22)osv tht ostoogi studis hv oosd th utit oigin o ths Wstn JnsPoithi outions in Southst Asi.2 Oth vidn suggsts tht so PoithiJns w divd o Nothst Asi, ound snt Lk Bik.2

Cos ioogi inks twn Jon Jns nd Southst Asins hv dqunty in th suts o otiv sh. Hows (6) indits tht ni s-

unts o odn Jns os to thos o Aty oigins o iwn nd to Fiii-nos.3 Hnih () viws th vidn o vity o ohs, inuding skt


5/30


ohoogy, soototy, dntition, nd gntis (suh s oisons o ood gous,, nd gntis (suh s oisons o ood gous,nd gntis (suh s oisons o ood gous,k gns, nd itohondi DNA), nd h intins tht th vidn ovwhingy, nd itohondi DNA), nd h intins tht th vidn ovwhingynd itohondi DNA), nd h intins tht th vidn ovwhingyoints to gtst oonity twn Jon Jns nd Southst Asin outions.H ntions in tiu th Ngitos o th Phiiins, Mys, nd Indonsins. Pi-tuswsky () d Jon Jns twn Southst Asins o CodiLos,Su, Suwsi, Jv, th Lss Sunds, nd Bono on th on hnd, nd o nt J-, nd Bono on th on hnd, nd o nt J-nd Bono on th on hnd, nd o nt J-ns, Ko, Aty, Anyng, Hinn, nd iwn on th oth., nd iwn on th oth.nd iwn on th oth.3 Mo nty, Mtsuund Hudson (2), using oisons o dnt tits, ot Jon Jns s osst toAinu nd Ngitos, Ai Okinw, Indohins, Dyk, nd Ti., nd Ti.nd Ti. 32

Pos nd utus do not nssiy hv to tv togth. Howv, so ny s-ts o Jns utu hv n idntid s o Southst Asin oigin, suh s th -hittu o Is Shin ,33 tht it ss uniky tht thy woud hv oundthi wy to Jn indndnty o o oiginting in th gion. So si xs

tht hv n idntid twn nint Jn nd th utus o Austonsin-skingos inud ong oths th us o owis,3 k oth, siy uy k,o othing,3 tttooing,36 uxoio ig tis,37 nts o th odn Jnsngug,3 nd ythoogy.3

T gst nd odst Jon sttnt sit disovd to dt is noh, Kokuu-shi, Kgoshi Ptu. It dts o . , bp, nd th housstht hv n onstutd sn to so tdition ios dwings.Aong tts vnt to this disussion, th xvtion vd thnw dotdwith sh ttns, oty-six dugout nos, nd ston hth ins inuding thity-ninst-ks nd tn inkd thn diths o th soking o oodstus. 2 T tt

ivd to hv n th ovns o it-ooking nd soking o oodstus y th uso htd oks, ont sti njoyd in Poynsin uisin tody.3 It ss iky tht thnoh sit ws ouid y o o southn ovnnthough just how southis tt o onjtu.

Te ecession of the Ice es in East and Southeast siaecession of the Ice es in East and Southeast siaecession of the Ice es in East and Southeast sia

T zing o th o i s duing th Piston usd wt to distiutdgoy in th o o i, so tht s vs w uh ow thn t snt. Mxiu oo-ing o th st gition oud ound 2,, bp. Whi th w so ogis in th high ountin ngs, Jn its ws not und th noth o i sht.Evn so, sson s i is thought to hv hd s south s nothn hoku ,nd n nnu ttus w ound 7C o C ow thn t snt.

Sin th Jns higo ws uttivy joind to innd Asi duing th Pis-ton, nd not ut o y ising s vs unti ound 2, bp, huns w to ntthis vi nd outs th unti thn (s Figu ). 6 It is no idnt tht th stt oth Jon iod oinids ky osy with th nd o th Piston (I Ags),onid y th is in s v tht od th Jn S nd isotd Jn o thinnd s n higo. Hnih () nots: T Jon g ws ontoy withth ostgi g, with th Jns Ahigo isotd o th Asin innd y th

is in s v.7


6/30

Edwin Palmer2

At th s ti, snt-dy Southst Asi ws joind to th innd y vstin stthing o Vitn, Kuh, Tind, Bu, nd th My ninsu,onnting ths with Jv, Sut, nd Bono. ogth this od suontinntknown s Sundnd (s Figu ). Ony now stits nd n higo now known sW (oising snt-dy Suwsi nd stn Indonsi) std Sundnd onoth vst nd ss oising Pu Nw Guin djoind to nothn Austi. Tisontinnt is td Shund. Fo th uos o vity in th snt disussion I toSundShu oosy to inud W nd nothwstn Shund (i.. inuding snt-dy Pu Nw Guin ut xuding Austi).

Figu . Puttiv Lt Pistont Costin o Asi.

Sou: Rdwn o Hnih . 3, Fig. -.


7/30

3Out o Sund? Povnn o th Jon Jns

Mn s vs t th gi xiu w n vg o 23 ts ow thnthy now. Wing o ound 2, bp did not ou t stdy : th thw stks with iods o od sns, oowd y iods o o intnsiv gowing, suting in td ys o suddn dgition (oods). Mn s vos ound 3. ts , bp; 7. ts ound , bp; nd k 2ts ound ,7, bp,2 in wht , googiy sking, indiy shot sso ti.

In nt dds onoghs woking on th hnis o go wing towdth nd o th st I Ag u with intsting suts. 3 Ty ound tht th tingo th gt nothn o i oud in suh ts nd stts tht it odud soditysi ooding. Tis isd s vs dtiy nd in so s instntnousynd tstohiy. It hs n donsttd tht ound 7, bp, o x, th BkS ws suddny hd though th Bosous Vy nd its wt v os y -

ts.

It is stitd to hv n wid sd in tt o onths, with th o o2 Nig Fs. It ggs ou igintion.In s o th wod wh th w ow-ying, gnty soing o t ost ins,

th is in s v is stitd to hv oud so idy th tht it woud hv n vis-iy disni to th inhitnts in ny s.6 It ws this tht oodd th nd idgsonnting snt-dy Jn to innd Asi nd od th Jns higo s wknow it tody. It ws so this tht od th snt show ontinnt sh o SouthstAsi, known s th Sund sh. Indd: On th hs o th Sund sh ys gos wt woud hv oodd innd u to xiu o kiots within two dys.7T dvstting Boxing Dy suni o 2 ovids so insight into th vuniity

o uh o th ost nd in Southst Asi, now s thn.T nd o th Piston ws oowd y w iod, 7,, bp, whn

n vg nnu ttus w ound 2C w thn t snt: iod knowns th iti otiu o Hoon xiu. S vs os ov th snt v,y n stitd six to nin ts in Southst Asi. It is notwothy, nd no dout not un-td, tht with go wing nd th xnsion o o nign nvionnts o hunso thn on, w s th wodwid ossoing o Noithi utu.

Sundnd hd so gis in th highnds, ut woud gny hv n -tivy w nvionnt vn duing th I Ags, it with ss toi nd sutoiountin osts in th und s thn t snt, ut ov g s o onsoon

toi ost nd g xnss o svnnh gssnd vgttion on th ost ins thtw t sugd. Tus Sundnd oud hv suotd tivy g nd dnsoution. With suh id is in s v, howv, Sundnd ost o thn h its nd, n th siz o Indi.6 T oss o odutiv ownd woud hv n so idtht who ounitis woud hv hd to shit to nw nd o dt to in wy oi in od to suviv. Onhi ddus tht Sundnd ws htnd o Noithiigtion in sons to this ooding.6

T outions tht w not downd hd sv hois. So woud hv ttdto th ountins nd utity n isotd in th highnds o th nwy oing isndss thy w ut o, to o th nstos o th snt-dy indignous inhitnts o


8/30

Edwin Palmer

th My Pninsu, th Phiiins, Bono, t. Oths woud hv dtd thi istysy uiding uwd on stits in show wtss ins th s tody in ny ts oSouthst Asi. Oths woud hv dotd toty in o o susistn, nd whs th nstos o th s nods sti snt in ts o Southst Asin wts.62Yt oths woud hv tkn to on-wothy t nd igtd in ditions in sho nw nd.63 It is w-ttstd tht so ovd south to th noth ost o Austi; tht stdy stwd igtion into Mnsi, Mionsi, nd Poynsi is w stishds t; nd Onhi gus tht so wnt wstwd oss th Indin On to Indi,th Midd Est, nd Mdgs. H sys itt out thos who wnt nothwd, oth thnto not tht th w oy dy ost td outs in tht dition.6 I suis thtt st so sttd in th nwy od isnds o Jn, nd so o thos whow now Jon Jns.6

In shot, Onhi gus tht Sundnd ws th d o ntdiuvin Noithi

utu, o whih ost o th hoogi vidn is now inssi und th s;vition wits dvns in in hoogy. Howv, oth vidn is suggstiv. Asth o inhitnts ugs nd sttd in ditions, thy took with thnot ony thi gns ut so thi ngugs, thi suio nvigtion ski, ot-uidingnd shing skis, thi tivy dvnd thniqus in hotiutu nd ston-woking, ndthi ustos nd o tditions.66

W hv to sk how si it woud hv n to stik out o SundShu in sokind o t t tht ti. Southst Asins w dy skid ss y th Piston.67 T Bisk Isnds, o x, w intntiony sttd y t st 3, ysgo.6 T isnds o th higos in SundShu w osty intvisi in t st on

dition, nd quid voyging ind o not uh o thn k, whih hs x-in th vy y oing o Southst Asi nd Austi, whth y isnd-hoing oy dit igtions. In oth wods, whn s v ws ow, distns o on isnd to thnxt w ss thn t snt, nd isnd-hoing ws tivy sy. Tis (7) ount-gunt to tht thoy is tht whn s vs w lowth ws o ndvi nd ssinntiv to isk s voygs. It ws whn s v ws risingnd ssu on nd insingtht o hd nd o sking nw nds.6 In y viw, th two thois not nssiyutuy xusiv, sin th iods in qustion di, nd sh uiosity woud oyhv otd th xotion o visi isnds i ossi, istiv o whth s vws ising o ing.7 Eith wy, th oint h is tht th inhitnts o SundShu hd

dy uutd so 2, ys o sing xtis o th nd o th Pis-ton, nd w y no ns novi sios y th ti th Sund sh ws inundtd.7

Iwins (2) thsis, suotd y unu (2), is tht stwd ooniztion o thPi into Poynsi oud s sut o dit io xotion y siing out intoon on into th wind to nsu th gtst hns o s tun. In oth wods, ooni-ztion ws not oishd y otus o o oting out indssy into th wid uyond, ik so uh swd, in th vgu ho o king nd somewh. Rth, it wshivd y intignt nd xind ins whos nvigtion skis inudd ithods o dd-koning nd ointtion, nd whos suviv sttgis inudd uynnd xotoy tun voygs nd dk o inotion.72 In th s o voyging

to Jn o SundShu, thy oud hv stndood ong th ost o Vitn nd


9/30


Chin o isnd-hod vi th Phiiins. And whi th Kuoshio unt woudhv id vsss nothwd on th outwd voyg, th sson vs o th vi-ing winds nt tht thy oud hoos to si with th wind in oth ditions i nd ,siy y tuning t dint ti o y. Aguy, thn, it woud oy hv nonsidd ss isky to st o nothwd thn stwd duing th Hoonwhih is nodout isy on o th sons why stwd xnsion into th ot Pi did notou unti uh t.

Onhi divids th o inhitnts o SundShu into two distint gous,nd h hyothsizs tht Austonsin sks in stn Sundnd y hv ontiutdsiing thnoogy, gi, igion, stonoy, hihy nd onts o kingshi, whith Austo-Asiti sking o [o wstn Sundnd] y hv ontiutd th odown-to-th skis o -ing, nd vn onz.73 Givn th vst o svnnhnds tht viousy xistd in wstn Sundnd, it is not iusi to k this i

s gds th ikihood o thi hving dy dvod so xtis in gowing os.7Tis is wh Onhis thoy hngs th Out o iwn snio, in whih

Austonsin sks thought to hv ivd in SundShu (initiy o iwn)too t o this to hv oud (s Figu 2). Essntiy th Out o iwn sniogus tht ong with Hoon go wing, Noithi utu ox dvod

Figu 2. Puttiv Routs o Hoon Migtions in Est nd Southst Asi to Jn.


10/30

Edwin Palmer6

ong Austonsin-sking o in iwn. Tis utu inudd th odution o d-sid otty nd i-sd giutu. It is thought to hv d in iwn ound6,, bp; sd to th Phiiins, 4,500 bp; Bono, Suwsi nd th Mous4,000 bp; th My Pninsu, 3,2, bp; N Oni 2,, bp; nd Poy-nsi ,7 ys go.7

Tis viw is ty sd on histoi inguisti onstution tht Poto-Austonsinngugs div o iwn ound , bp.76 Whi knowdging th difutis inh-nt in xiosttistis nd gottohonoogy tht k histoi ngug onstution ninxt sin, Bwood (7) snts tty o vidn tht Austonsin ngugssd o iwn southwd, s outind ov.77 H ntions nothing o Jns, oththn to wit, in sowht induous ton, tht vn Jns ivs iodi ttn-tion s hving nint Austonsin fitions, though th vidn h is not widytd.7 o y ind, howv, n Austonsin nt to Jns is, to th onty,

vy .7

Bwood so nots tht oths hv ositd Mnsi s th hond o Austonsinngugs. I h nith uting no suoting th viing inguisti viw: ut thsitution with gd to inguistis is y no ns -ut. Howv, Onhis ntsh on gntis suggsts tht th uttiv Austonsin-sking o o iwnwho suosd to hv ovd down though Southst Asin nd vntuy out in to thPi oding to th Out o iwn snio oud not hv don so in th tiinditd. On o his xs is his nding o th PM (Poynsin Moti: ttn o ito-hondi DNA oon in Poynsi) in W nd Nw Guin o o thn ,ysn stit whih dts th ossiiity in th iwn snio y so six o

svn thousnd ys.

Tis, h sys, hs iitions o ods o Austonsin oigins,sin it iis tht on o th in insu tDNA usts, hogou B, hs n in thhigo o o (oy onsidy o) thn ys.2 In oth wods, this th distint ossiiity tht Austonsin-sking o oigintd not in iwn ut inwht is now Isnd Southst Asi.

Onhi so oints out tht th onvntion viw o histoi inguistis istht th ito-Bus ngugs oigintd in nt Asi, nd w tkn to it osding down th Yngtz, Bhut, Iwddy, nd Mkong Rivs. On th siso gnti nd oth Austo-Asiti utu vidn, Onhi qustions this viw yguing tht th diusion o ths ngugs ws o iky in th oosit dition, up

thos iv vys towds thi hdwts, hving n tnsittd o th south, o-y o th Austo-Asiti wstn t o o Sundnd ound nd twn sntdy Vitn nd th My Pninsu.3 Tis so is not n unson ssution, uswhi th is so dt ong gioogists s to whth o not th itn highndsod n i sht, it is iky tht th gion ws too od to tttiv o hunhittion duing th gi xiu. Hun oution woud hv nohd to vhigh tituds ony s go wing d it insingy si, ong with th ostg-i sd o od vgn ost o south to noth.


11/30


Cultural Evidence Sasai meis aurilinosa CultureEvidence Sasai meis aurilinosa Culturevidence Sasai meis aurilinosa CultureCultureulture

T nothwd xnsion o Austonsin-sking os ong with th sd oostgi od vgn ost is oint tht n xod uth in ts o th

viws o Jns nthooogist Sski Kion so-d uiignos utu(shy jurin bunka)..6

Duing th I Ags, th vgttion in Jn ngd o tund in th noth to stsin nt Jn nd ixd onious nd od ost in th south. 7 Fo yno-ogi vidn, sukd (6) s th oundy twn th Piston nd Hoonvgttion in Jn t ound , bp.88 H gus tht diduous od ost gnto xnd y igting nothwd in Jn ound 2, bp. T sd o diduousod ost in southn Kysh is inkd with th stt o th Jon iod. sukdstits tht diduous ok nd h d o onis nd ih, dvning noth-wd t sd o ound 2 ts y; nd h dsis th dyd sons o

su xtintion.

Studis o ossi nts hv ound tht th diduous ost sd in th Jnsisnds duing th t h o th Jon iod, out , ys go, whn thtnsgssion ws ssing ov its ix.2

In shot, th w ti gs twn go wing, th is in n s v nd thonsqunt sd o nt ost ov.

With th iti wing t th nd o th I Ag, t o w-tt ui-dohyous (gossy od vgn o uignos) ost xndd o th Hiysthough iwn to southn Jn (s Figu 2).3 In Jn uiignos ost xtndd du-

ing th gi iod ony oss th southn t o Kysh nd ong th ost to Shikoku,ut it sttd to xnd nothwd o ound , ys go, nd took sv thousndys to h its nothn-ost iit, du to th ti g notd ov. Luiignos o-st sii to tht whih hd dvod in southstn Chin ouishd in Kysh duingth Init Jon iod, ,6,7 bp. Citiy . . . st nd vgt osoiginting in Yunnn nd its nighoing ovins oud hv gown in Kysh i hunstnsotd th to Jn.6

With ostgi wing, os oud hv n utivtd in o nothy o-tions wh viousy thy woud hv id. T is sti dt out th oigins o iutivtion in Asit on o wh xty it ws t intodud into Jn7utit ss s to ssu tht vn i th ws dy so utivtion o s, th stos o Noithi gdns in Southst Asi w th sgo nd oot os suh s tond ys, nd uits nd nuts, siy nns nd oonuts. T ost tns oths, oth in ts o otiity od ts o nos, nd in ts o gowing onditionsin nw, o tt, nds, woud hv n to nd ys. Suh s inud thxnding zon o uiignos ost. Sski its th wok o Nko Ssuk shving stishd tht this kind o vgutu ox oigintd in Southst Asi.

Sski stsss tht th sv utu sts in oon to os o th sutntuidohyous zon. Ts inud swiddn ing; in on vgutu oising

gus, ys, to, nd it s st os;2

tst o shiso

(stk nt, Perilla


12/30

Edwin Palmer

rutescens); wt hing o tin oots nd nuts suh s ons nd hos hstnuts tok th di;3 th us o qu, gouds, nd ust-yis (Lycoris radiata); usokji(Aspergillus oryzae)to nt i to k win nd soyns to k miso ; siutu; diving o shsh; t dinking; nd n o gutinous vitis oi nd it. H dus this utu ox uiignos utu. H nots tht its us-tos to hv inudd intious utakai inis, nd th wing o song-ikskits o wistoths sii to thos sti won in Mysi, Indonsi, Myn, nd ongth Ngs o Ass in nothst Indi.6 H knowdgs th ontiution o ythoogistyshi y o idntiying thi oonity o ood yths, ghost ts, ndi in ountins s th o th gods. 7 And h gus tht vstigs o this -iutu (i.., Jon iod) und isty sistd in Jn unti th s.

Sski osvs th ouishing o uiignos utu ginning in wstn Jn in thLt nd Fin Jon iod, i.., o . , bp. H osits two outs o tnsis-

sion to Jn: on o th gion o Hunn Povin in southn Chin vi th KonPninsu, nd th oth iti out with stong Indonsin onntions vi iwn,th Ai Isnds, nd Okinw. H ss this on so dins suh s th no ts in th o gion nd th doinn o nos in th tt . Futhsh is quid to tst whth th Chins out ons oigins o n Austo-Asi-ti utu ox nd th Pi out oigins o n Austonsin utu ox.Eith wy, though, Sskis nd Onhis osvtions ody ooot h oth,nd oth so ody od with th thust o Bndits onstution o n Austonsinontiution to th Jns ngug.

It is usi, thn, tht this utu ox oud hv n tkn nothwd to

th uiignos t in th st y ignts o SundShu, ing th oodingo thi hond. Tos o th wstn ins o Sundnd (Austo-Asiti o, -oding to Onhi) w hs dy fint gdns o s, whi thoso th st (Austonsin sks) w oint t toi inost oiutuot st th xoittion o ts o os. As xind ngs o ost oduts, it isnot iusi tht ny o ths ignts woud hv n tttd to th t o nwyxnding uidohyous ost tht ouishd in widning nd o th Hiys tosouthn Jn.

Jon iignts o SundShu woud hv dtd thi toi utivtionthniqus to th o tt ost nvionnthn th oonity o utiv-

tion thniqus nd utu ttiuts oss th uidohyous zon, inuding southnJn. Evidn o hing o ons, o x, st s in Kysh in th IniintJon iod (2,, bp), suggsting th sd o st i sd on nt oodso th south, whih onid ising ttu nd th uosn o th ttost.2 Indd, th ost undnt tu o Jon utu ws dttion to t-t osts.3

I th snt hyothsis is ot, w ight xt to s n ins in oution inth Jon iod so ti siy t 7, bp (th st jo is in s v), withth iv o ugs o Southst Asi. Indd, Sski s th n o ui-ignos utu t ound 6, bp, nd nots kd ins in oution ound ,

bp. Ahoogist Iu Kiji knowdgs kd ins in th nu-


13/30


s o it-dwings nd oution in th Knt distit nd Chu highnds,ginning ound 6, bp nd king shy just io to , bp. Tis h ttiutssoy to idy ioving onditions o ood odution. Howv, whi this suddnoution ins o o ss oinids with th Hoon xiu tht indd vodn ins in di vgttion, it is not io tht so, t st, o th ins inoution y ountd o y iigtion. On th sis o th ontiond studisin ioogi nthooogy, I suggst tht so o ths w o oiginting dity o in-dity o Southst Asi. Ts ignts woud hv tkn with th th who utugut o thi honds, inuding thi ngug(s), soi ogniztion, thnoogy,igion, ythoogy, ustos, nd diy isty.

Te Puzzle of imin

T disous is unty doggd y os o tiing, whih do not ow th two

snios to siy onid. W sntd with uzz. T Out o Sund s-nio suggsts tht o sttd ving SundShu in sons to th iss in s vtht oud y stgs ,, , nd 7, ys go stivy. It s tht soo thos ugs vntuy ound thi wy to Jn, tking with th thi utu ndngug, nd th noh sit in Kgoshi Ptu, dting o vn thousnd ysgo (itd) guy suots th ossiiity o suh snio. T ngugs o Joniod iignts ost tiny inudd nts o Austonsin, whih so inguistshv notd in Jns. And thi utu inudd sts o th utu oxs ssoi-td with oth Austonsin sks (suh s k i nd tttooing), uiignos utu(suh s qu w, t, nd gutinous i), o sts oon to oth (.g., song-sty

gnts).Howv, s things unty ontuizd, iwn ws th sou o Austonsin

ngugs nd ing tis, dissing southwd though Southst Asi ony t sixthousnd ys go. So ivs in Jn o Mid-Jon onwd oud tho hvn Austonsin sks o iwn o th Phiiins. But th ny ntso Jns utu tht td to o Sundnd, W nd nothn Shund.Logiy, i w ddu oding to th Out o iwn thoy, i ivs in Jn oth south woud oy hv n o -Austonsin-sking inhitnts o SundS-hu,nd th is no vidn t snt to suot suh ikihood. 6 T tt o ti-ing tho ins to sovd. I tnttivy onsid on ossiiity ow.

Conclusions

Tis ti sought to tst th otnti vn with gd to Jn o Onhisviw tht ising s vs t th nd o th Piston usd o to o oodingth. Non o th vidn xind utd th notion tht so woud hv hdd to J-n. On th onty, th ttn o ostgi vgttion nd th diss o uiignosutu ong with th xnsion o uidohyous ost stongy suotiv o th iki-hood o tht hving tuy hnd.

I hv so sought to nsw th qustion o th oosit stiv, goghiy

sking, owhySouthst Asins woud hv n otd to igt to Jn in th


14/30

Edwin Palmer6

Jon iod. I hv suggstd tht th in son ws in sons to th ostgi ood-ing o th ownd ins o th o ontinnt o Sundnd t th I Ags.7 Jn inth Jon iod ws oy ony on n dstintion out o ny ossiiitis.

I hv so tttd to in down o isywhen it ws duing th ong sn oth Jon iod tht iignts o Southst Asi ost iky to hv ivd. Sos to hv ivd y on in sons to th ood vnts o , nd , ys gostivy. Onhis gnti vidn o th Poynsin Moti in W ossiys uh s , ys go oud k th stt o this uttiv igtion, nd this ight oootd y th noh Sit s dstintion in Jn. Ty oud hv sttd ivingin s nus s s v os. Tn o ight hv ivd in sti s ut sowhtg nus, ound 6,, bp, in sons to th uth id is in s vound 7, go. So o ths ignts ight hv isnd-hod nothwd o thinundtd o Sundnd vi th Phiiins, iwn nd th Ryky Isnds.

Iigtion ight w hv kd ound , ys go s sut o th ti gin th gowth o ost ov whih so o th ignts stdiy xoitd s ood sous it sd nothwd vi southn Chin nd iwn into nd though Jn duing thHoon xiu. So ugs, thn, to hv stndood u th ost o thgnt My Pninsu, Vitn, nd southn Chin, nothwd into th xndingzon o uidohyous ost tht gd o ound , bp, stthing in t oth Hiys to southn Jn, susqunt to go wing. T ws invity tig twn th is in n nnu ttus nd s vs on th on hnd nd thgowth o th nw ost, whih woud hv n td in th ogss o ths igntsnothwd nd stwd though th uidohyous zon to h Jn ,, ys

go. Tis woud ount o th oonity o ttiuts osvd ong Austonsinutus nd so-d uiignos utu, inuding so sts o Jns utu, sosvd y Sski.

On ths two outs w stishd, thy oy ontinud to usd y snus o voygs into t iods. Suh snio so onis with so o Bn-dits ids on th Austonsin nd Austo-Asiti oigins o so sts o th Jnsngug; nd it ts w with oth th Hnihun hyothsis nd Sskis uiignosutu hyothsis. T utu thy took with th ind vsiv w into th his-toi iod, nd vstigs o it idnti in Jn vn tody. In this sns, guy,w ight w gd th Jns s ing t st tiy out o Sund.

As o wh in SundShu, xty, thy wnt o, w sh hs nv know.I thos who igtd w doinnty thos who w xining th oss o thihond to th s, th vidn is oviousy ost to usunti xtnsiv suin xo-tion with oit thnoogy tks . Ty oy oigintd ov th og nd ss nd o SundShu, nd so uh o tht ws inundtd tht ttts tinointingthehond invity going to oxitions.

With gd to th disous on th toi, this xintion o th ittu nds thtOnhis ositd Out o Sund snio is not iusi with gd to JonJn. T snio ts with wht w know o th hnging nvionnt onditions oSouthst nd Est Asi in th Hoon. W know tht Sund o ntd Jn du-

ing th Jon iod. I o(s) o Sund-Shu ndd in Jnwhih w know thy


15/30


vntuy didit is not yt xty wh thy o, though thy w ostiky Austonsin-sking nd intodud nts o th Austonsin utu ox.Howv, on th sis o y nysis o yth, I ddu tht th gion o stn Indonsiis iky to wd uth sh.

Howv, suh hyothsis uns ount to th Out o iwn snio, whih sndsprevailingigtion in th oosit dition t oxity th s ti. I th Out oiwn snio is alsot st in tight (though th ti ins o-ti), thy ust hv n tving in th oosit dition o th ositd Austonsindiss nd ust hv od ountow. Tus I nd th Out o iwn snio sssusiv in th ontxt o Jon Jn unss th is ognition o o oitdows, inuding ountows, o hun outions, ngugs, nd utus duing thHoon in Southst nd Est Asi thn dd hithto.

A ossiiity tht is suggstd ghiy in Figu 2 nd y wd uth xo-

tion is tht s go wing oud nd s vs os, n initi igtoy ow took nothwd Out o Sundhs so , ys go o o. It is usitht so o ths o ight dy hv n ying th so-d Poynsin Motiin thi gns. Tn so ti ound th Hoon xiu o out 6, ys go, viing ountow o Austonsin ngug sks stdiy ovd southwd, s inth Out o iwn hyothsis, ssoitd hs with th Hoon xiu o gowing. Tus th two thois not nssiy ntiy inoti.

cnowledments

A iiny vsion o this ti ws sntd und th tit Fo Edn to Jon: T

Povnn o Jon Jns o Sundnd, with Si Rn to Gioogy nd Mythoogyt syosiu t th nivsity o Sydny in Nov 23. Tt vnt, Goiztion, Loiz-t th nivsity o Sydny in Nov 23. Tt vnt, Goiztion, Loiz-Nov 23. Tt vnt, Goiztion, Loiz-Tt vnt, Goiztion, Loiz-Goiztion, Loiz-tion, nd Studis o Jns Cutu in th PiRi Rgion, ws o-ognizd y th Intntiono-ognizd y th Intntiony th IntntionRsh Cnt o Jns Studis, Kyto, nd th Shoo o Euon, Asin nd Midd Estn, nd th Shoo o Euon, Asin nd Midd Estnnd th Shoo o Euon, Asin nd Midd EstnShoo o Euon, Asin nd Midd EstnLngugs nd Studis, nivsity o Sydny. I shoud ik to xss y gtitud to oth institutionsnivsity o Sydny. I shoud ik to xss y gtitud to oth institutions. I shoud ik to xss y gtitud to oth institutionsI shoud ik to xss y gtitud to oth institutionsnd th syosius ognizs o thi gnosity. I shoud so ik to thnk nonyous s ndPosso Susn Hny o thi hu onts on i vsions, Mny Bosnn o tog-, Mny Bosnn o tog-Mny Bosnn o tog-hy, nd Posso Js C. Bxt o diting., nd Posso Js C. Bxt o diting.nd Posso Js C. Bxt o diting.

EFEENCESBns 333

Gin L. Bns.Bns. China, Korea and Japan: Te Rise o Civilization in East Asia. London:Ts nd Hudson, 3.

Bwood 77Pt Bwood.Bwood.. Prehistory o the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago. nivsity o HwiiPss, ; v. d. 7.

Bwood 2222. Fs, Fogs, Lngugs, Gns: T Gnsis o Agiutu Soi-

tis. In: Bwood, Pt, nd Rnw, Coin (d.). Examining the Farming/Language


16/30

Edwin Palmer62

Dispersal Hypothesis. Cidg: MDond Institut o Ahoogi Rsh,nivsity o Cidg, 22, . 72.

Bwood nd Rnw 22nd Rnw 22

nd Coin Rnw, ds.Rnw, ds.ds.s.. Examining the Farming/LanguageDispersal Hypoth-esis. Cidg: MDond Institut o Ahoogi Rsh, nivsity o C-idg, 22.

Bndit Pu K. Bndit.Bndit.Japanese/Austro/ai. Ann Ao: Ko, .

B t . t . C. B t . Mionsins, Asins, Tis, nd Rtions: A Cnioi nd Odon-B t . Mionsins, Asins, Tis, nd Rtions: A Cnioi nd Odon-t . Mionsins, Asins, Tis, nd Rtions: A Cnioi nd Odon-to-ti Pstiv.Micronesia, Sunt, 2, (), . 3233.

Coutt, Jnsn, nd Kuku , Jnsn, nd Kuku Mtin Coutt, Mius Jnsn, nd Iso Kuku.Coutt, Mius Jnsn, nd Iso Kuku., Mius Jnsn, nd Iso Kuku.Mius Jnsn, nd Iso Kuku.Jnsn, nd Iso Kuku.Iso Kuku.Kuku. Cultural Atlas o Japan. Oxod:Phidon, .

Dnh 22i Dnh. T Roots o Agiutu nd Aoiutu in Nw Guin: LookingDnh. T Roots o Agiutu nd Aoiutu in Nw Guin: Looking. T Roots o Agiutu nd Aoiutu in Nw Guin: LookingByond Austonsin Exnsion, Noithi Pkgs nd Indignous Oigins. WorldArchaeology, 36, (2), . 662.

Fnz, Psi, nd Vihko 2, Psi, nd Vihko 2B. Fnz, M. Psi, nd A. A. Vihko, ds.Fnz, M. Psi, nd A. A. Vihko, ds., M. Psi, nd A. A. Vihko, ds.M. Psi, nd A. A. Vihko, ds.Psi, nd A. A. Vihko, ds.A. A. Vihko, ds.Vihko, ds.ds..Atlas o Paleoclimates and Palaeoenviron-

ments o the Northern Hemisphere: Late PleistoceneHolocene. Budst nd Stuttgt:Goghi Rsh Institut, Hungin Ady o Sins, Budst, 2.

Hu 22Junko Hu.Hu..Ancient Jomon o Japan. Cidg nivsity Pss, 2.

Hnih K. 6K. 6Hnih Kzu. T Oigin o th Jns in Rtion to Oth Ethni Gous inKzu. T Oigin o th Jns in Rtion to Oth Ethni Gous inEst Asi. In Rihd J. Pson, d.Rihd J. Pson, d.Pson, d. Windows on the Japanese Past: Studies in Archaeol-ogy and Prehistory. Ann Ao: Cnt o Jns Studis, nivsity o Mihign,6, . 73.

Hnih K. K. . Du Stutu Mod o th Poution Histoy o th Jns.Nichibunken Japan Review2 (), . 33.

Hnih K. 3K. 3. Nihonjin shdn no kisi: Nij kz odushdn no kisi: Nij kz oduhdn no kisi: Nij kz odukisi: Nij kz oduisi: Nij kz odu: Nij kz oduNij kz odukz oduz oduoduodu. In Hnih Kzu, d., d.. Nihonjin to Nihon bunka no keisei. Asku Shotn, 3, . 227.

Hnih . 3. 3Hnih sunhiko. nn Aji to ihiy hiiki no jinuishi to Nihon-

jin no gny. In Hnih


17/30


Kzu, d., d.. Nihonjin to Nihon bunka no keisei. AskuShotn, 3, . 23.

Hny 77

Susn Hny.Hny.. Everyday Tings in Premodern Japan: Te Hidden Legacy o Material Cul-ture. nivsity o Cioni Pss, 7.

Hows 66W. W. Hows. Physi Anthooogy o th Phistoi Jns. In Rihd J.Hows. Physi Anthooogy o th Phistoi Jns. In Rihd J.Physi Anthooogy o th Phistoi Jns. In Rihd J.Rihd J.Pson, d.d.. Windows on the Japanese Past: Studies in Archaeology and Prehistory. AnnAo: Cnt o Jns Studis, nivsity o Mihign, 6, . 6.

Hudson Mk Hudson.Hudson.. Ruins o Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands. nivsity oHwii Pss, .

Hudson 2222. Agiutu nd Lngug Chng in th Jns Isnds. In Pt B-Pt B-B-wood nd Coin Rnw, ds.Coin Rnw, ds.Rnw, ds.ds.. Examining the Farming/LanguageDispersal Hypothesis,Cidg: MDond Institut o Ahoogi Rsh, nivsity o C-idg, 22, . 33.

Iu 66Iu Kiji.Kiji. Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia. nivsity oHwii Pss, 6.

Iwin 22Goy Iwin.Iwin.. Te Prehistoric Exploration and Colonisation o the Pacifc. Cidgnivsity Pss, 2.

Johnston () ()Pu Johnston.Johnston.. Te Sea-Crat o Prehistory. 2nd d. London nd Nw Yok: Routdg,. London nd Nw Yok: Routdg,London nd Nw Yok: Routdg,.

Kty 22Kzuihi Kty. T Jns s n Asi-Pi Poution. In Dond D-Kty. T Jns s n Asi-Pi Poution. In Dond D-T Jns s n Asi-Pi Poution. In Dond D-noon, Mk Hudson, Gvn MCok, nd ss Mois-Suzuki, ds., nd ss Mois-Suzuki, ds.nd ss Mois-Suzuki, ds., ds.ds.s..Multicultural

Japan: Palaeolithic to Postmodern. Cidg nivsity Pss, 2, . 3.Kidd 33

J. Edwd Kidd, J. T Eist Soitis in Jn. In D M. Bown, d.Kidd, J. T Eist Soitis in Jn. In D M. Bown, d., J. T Eist Soitis in Jn. In D M. Bown, d.. T Eist Soitis in Jn. In D M. Bown, d.T Eist Soitis in Jn. In D M. Bown, d.Bown, d.d. TeCambridge History o Japan, vo. . Cidg nivsity Pss, 3, . .vo. . Cidg nivsity Pss, 3, . .o. . Cidg nivsity Pss, 3, . .. Cidg nivsity Pss, 3, . .Cidg nivsity Pss, 3, . .

Ku Ann Ku. An Indonsin Ent in th Yyoi? T Evidn o Bioogi An-Ku. An Indonsin Ent in th Yyoi? T Evidn o Bioogi An-An Indonsin Ent in th Yyoi? T Evidn o Bioogi An-thooogy.Anthropological Science6:3 (), . 26276.:3 (), . 26276.3 (), . 26276.

Ku 22. Jns Jvns Conntion. IIAS Newsletter3 (Juy 2), . 2.


18/30

Edwin Palmer6

Ku nd Ros 2nd Ros 2 nd Phi Ros. Lxi Evidn o Ey Contt twn Indonsin Ln-Phi Ros. Lxi Evidn o Ey Contt twn Indonsin Ln-Ros. Lxi Evidn o Ey Contt twn Indonsin Ln-. Lxi Evidn o Ey Contt twn Indonsin Ln-Lxi Evidn o Ey Contt twn Indonsin Ln-twn Indonsin Ln-twn Indonsin Ln-gugs nd Jns.. Oceanic Linguistics3:2 (2), . 22.:2 (2), . 22.2 (2), . 22.

LiujingLiujing htt://www-son.un.du.u/~own3/Liujing.ht Assd 3Jun 2.

MCuough 6767Wii H. MCuough. Jns Mig Institutions in th Hin Piod.MCuough. Jns Mig Institutions in th Hin Piod.Jns Mig Institutions in th Hin Piod.Mig Institutions in th Hin Piod.ig Institutions in th Hin Piod.Institutions in th Hin Piod.nstitutions in th Hin Piod. Har-vard Journal o Asiatic Studies27 (67), . 367.

Moi AnstyMoi Ansty d Bk to iwn htt://tvnz.o.nz/viw/g/36/6Assd Jnuy 26.

Mtsuu nd Hudson 2nd Hudson 2Hioui Mtsuu nd Mk Hudson. Dnt Pstivs on th PoutionMtsuu nd Mk Hudson. Dnt Pstivs on th Poutionnd Mk Hudson. Dnt Pstivs on th PoutionMk Hudson. Dnt Pstivs on th PoutionHudson. Dnt Pstivs on th PoutionHistoy o Southst Asi..American Journal o Physical Anthropology27 (2), .22.

Minto 7777Mso Minto, d.Minto, d.d.Japan and Its Nature. Hionsh, 77.

Nionjin Huk n i nNionjin Huk n i nhtt://www.khku.go.j

/si/st/jns/iix/3/3-7/ht Assd Jnuy 27.Muy 7676

Shihio Muy. T Myo-Poynsin Coonnt in th Jns Lngug.Muy. T Myo-Poynsin Coonnt in th Jns Lngug.. T Myo-Poynsin Coonnt in th Jns Lngug.Coonnt in th Jns Lngug.oonnt in th Jns Lngug.Lngug.ngug..Journal o Japanese Studies2:2 (76), . 336.:2 (76), . 336.2 (76), . 336.

NHK 2222NHK supesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Manmosu hant, Shiberia kara nosupesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Manmosu hant, Shiberia kara noupesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Manmosu hant, Shiberia kara noharuka na tabi dai- sh, Manmosu hant, Shiberia kara noaruka na tabi dai- sh, Manmosu hant, Shiberia kara notabi dai- sh, Manmosu hant, Shiberia kara noabi dai- sh, Manmosu hant, Shiberia kara nodai- sh, Manmosu hant, Shiberia kara noai- sh, Manmosu hant, Shiberia kara no- sh, Manmosu hant, Shiberia kara no sh, Manmosu hant, Shiberia kara no

tabidachiNHKNHK. NHK DVD, NHK, 22.22.

NHK 2222

NHK supesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Kyodai unka ni kieta Kuroshio nosupesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Kyodai unka ni kieta Kuroshio noupesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Kyodai unka ni kieta Kuroshio noharuka na tabi dai- sh, Kyodai unka ni kieta Kuroshio noaruka na tabi dai- sh, Kyodai unka ni kieta Kuroshio notabi dai- sh, Kyodai unka ni kieta Kuroshio noabi dai- sh, Kyodai unka ni kieta Kuroshio nodai- sh, Kyodai unka ni kieta Kuroshio noai- sh, Kyodai unka ni kieta Kuroshio no- sh, Kyodai unka ni kieta Kuroshio no sh, Kyodai unka ni kieta Kuroshio notamiNHK .NHK DVD, NHK, 22.22.

NHK 2222NHK supesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Umi ga sodateta mori no kokusupesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Umi ga sodateta mori no kokuupesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Umi ga sodateta mori no kokuharuka na tabi dai- sh, Umi ga sodateta mori no kokuaruka na tabi dai- sh, Umi ga sodateta mori no kokutabi dai- sh, Umi ga sodateta mori no kokuabi dai- sh, Umi ga sodateta mori no kokudai- sh, Umi ga sodateta mori no kokuai- sh, Umi ga sodateta mori no koku- sh, Umi ga sodateta mori no koku sh, Umi ga sodateta mori no koku

NHK. NHK DVD,NHK, 22.22.

NHK 22d22ddNHK supesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Ine, shirarezaru ichimannen nosupesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Ine, shirarezaru ichimannen noupesharu: Nipponjin haruka na tabi dai- sh, Ine, shirarezaru ichimannen noharuka na tabi dai- sh, Ine, shirarezaru ichimannen noaruka na tabi dai- sh, Ine, shirarezaru ichimannen notabi dai- sh, Ine, shirarezaru ichimannen noabi dai- sh, Ine, shirarezaru ichimannen nodai- sh, Ine, shirarezaru ichimannen noai- sh, Ine, shirarezaru ichimannen no- sh, Ine, shirarezaru ichimannen no sh, Ine, shirarezaru ichimannen no

tabiNHK .NHK DVD, NHK, 22.22.


19/30


Nih Cv PojtT Nih Cv Pojt htt://www...uk//nih.ht Assd 3 Jun 2.

Nisson 33

g Nisson.Nisson.. Te Pleistocene: Geology and Lie in the Quaternary Ice Age. Dodht,Boston nd London: D. Rid Puishing Co., 3.

Noi Dnnis Noi. Gnti Cus vis Viw o Jns Roots.Noi. Gnti Cus vis Viw o Jns Roots.. Gnti Cus vis Viw o Jns Roots. Science23, 7 (Mh ), . 2627.

yshi 77yshi yyy. Nihon shinwa jitenshinwa jitenhinwa jitenjiteniten. Yto Sho, 7.

Ono t . 22t . 22t . 22t . 22Ono Aki, Sto Hioyuki, khshi sutsui, nd Kudo Yuihio. RdioonAki, Sto Hioyuki, khshi sutsui, nd Kudo Yuihio. Rdioon, nd Kudo Yuihio. Rdioonnd Kudo Yuihio. RdioonDts nd Ahoogy o th Lt Piston in th Jns Isnds. Radiocarbon:2 (22), . 77.:2 (22), . 77.2 (22), . 77.

Onhi Sthn Onhi.Onhi.. Eden in the East: Te Drowned Continent o Southeast Asia.London: Widnd nd Nioson ; k dition Phonix (Oion Books),.

Onhi 22. T Exss in o iwn to Poynsi: On th Congun o Poxy

Lins o Evidn. World Archaeology, 36, (2), . 6.Onhi n.d.n.d.

. Conty. World Archaeological Bulletin (n.d.)(n.d.) htt://www.w.ut..z/utin/w/onhi.ht [si] 7 . Assd Jnuy 26.. Assd Jnuy 26.. Assd Jnuy 26.

Onhi nd Rihds 22nd Rihds 22 nd Mtin Rihds. Poynsins: Dvovd iwns Ri s o W-Mtin Rihds. Poynsins: Dvovd iwns Ri s o W-Rihds. Poynsins: Dvovd iwns Ri s o W-n Miti ds with Fishing, Foging nd Hotiutu Skis? In PtPtBwood nd Coin Rnw, ds.Coin Rnw, ds.Rnw, ds.ds.. Examining the Farming/LanguageDispersal Hypoth-esis. Cidg: MDond Institut o Ahoogi Rsh, nivsity o C-

idg, 22, . 2727.sk Fuitsu Yyoi Bunk Hkuutsukn

sk Fuitsu Yyoi Bunk Hkuutsukn, d.d. Yayoibunka: Nihon bunka no genry o saguruunka: Nihon bunka no genry o sagurubunka no genry o saguruunka no genry o sagurugenry o saguruenry o saguru.sk: sk Fuitsu Yyoi Bunk Hkuutsukn, .

Pwy 2222Andw Pwy. T Austonsin Diss: Lngugs, hnoogis nd Po.Pwy. T Austonsin Diss: Lngugs, hnoogis nd Po.. T Austonsin Diss: Lngugs, hnoogis nd Po.In Pt Bwood nd Coin Rnw, ds.Pt Bwood nd Coin Rnw, ds.Bwood nd Coin Rnw, ds.Coin Rnw, ds.Rnw, ds.ds.. Examining the Farming/LanguageDispersalHypothesis. Cidg: MDond Institut o Ahoogi Rsh, nivsity o

Cidg, 22, . 2273.


20/30

Edwin Palmer66

Pz 2222Vito Pz. Isnd Southst Asi: Sd o Fition on? In Pt Bwood ndPz. Isnd Southst Asi: Sd o Fition on? In Pt Bwood nd. Isnd Southst Asi: Sd o Fition on? In Pt Bwood ndPt Bwood ndBwood ndCoin Rnw, ds.Rnw, ds.ds.. Examining the Farming/LanguageDispersal Hypothesis. Cidg:MDond Institut o Ahoogi Rsh, nivsity o Cidg, 22, .272.

Pson 66Rihd J. Pson, d.Pson, d.d. Windows on the Japanese Past: Studies in Archaeology and Prehis-tory. Ann Ao: Cnt o Jns Studis, nivsity o Mihign, 6.

Pson n.d.n.d.. Nw Pstivs on Joon Soity. Bulletin o the International Jomon Cul-ture Conerence. (ndtd, ut ostd twn 22 nd 2),(ndtd, ut ostd twn 22 nd 2),ndtd, ut ostd twn 22 nd 2),, ut ostd twn 22 nd 2),ut ostd twn 22 nd 2), htt://www.joon.o.j/utin.ht. . Assd 3 Jnuy 26.

Pituswsky Mih Pituswsky. PiAsin Rtionshis: A Physi Anthooogi P-Pituswsky. PiAsin Rtionshis: A Physi Anthooogi P-. PiAsin Rtionshis: A Physi Anthooogi P-stiv. Oceanic Linguistics33:2 (), . 73.:2 (), . 73.2 (), . 73.

Possi Ey Joon Ri CutivtionPossi Ey Joon Ri Cutivtion htt://www.t-nt.n.j/~ky/Nws/A-hivs/joon22.ht Assd D 2.

Ryn nd Pitn nd Pitn Wii Ryn nd Wt Pitn.Ryn nd Wt Pitn.nd Wt Pitn.Wt Pitn.Pitn. Noahs Flood: Te New Scientifc Discoveries Aboutthe Event Tat Changed History. Nw Yok: Sion nd Shust, .

Sski 77Sski Kii. Inasaku izenizenzen. NHK Books 7. Nion HsKyki, 7.

Sski . T W Po nd thi Cutu in Anint Jn: T Cutus oPo nd thi Cutu in Anint Jn: T Cutus oo nd thi Cutu in Anint Jn: T Cutus oCutu in Anint Jn: T Cutus outu in Anint Jn: T Cutus oAnint Jn: T Cutus onint Jn: T Cutus oCutus outus oSwiddn Cutivtion nd Pdi-i Cutivtion.widdn Cutivtion nd Pdi-i Cutivtion.Cutivtion nd Pdi-i Cutivtion.utivtion nd Pdi-i Cutivtion.Pdi-i Cutivtion.di-i Cutivtion.i Cutivtion.i Cutivtion.Cutivtion.utivtion.Acta Asiatica6 (), . 26.

Sski 77. Nihon bunka no taj kz: Ajia-teki shiya kara Nihon bunka o saik surubunka no taj kz: Ajia-teki shiya kara Nihon bunka o saik suruunka no taj kz: Ajia-teki shiya kara Nihon bunka o saik surutaj kz: Ajia-teki shiya kara Nihon bunka o saik suruaj kz: Ajia-teki shiya kara Nihon bunka o saik surukz: Ajia-teki shiya kara Nihon bunka o saik suruz: Ajia-teki shiya kara Nihon bunka o saik surushiya kara Nihon bunka o saik suruhiya kara Nihon bunka o saik surubunka o saik suruunka o saik surusaik suruaik suru

. okyo: Shgkkn,7.

Sski 2222. Studis o Vgutu in Jn: Ti Oigins nd Dvont. In Yosh-id Shji nd Pt Mtthws, ds.Pt Mtthws, ds.Mtthws, ds.ds.. Vegeculture in Eastern Asia and Oceania. JCAS(Jn Cnt o A Studis) Syosiu Sis No. 6. Osk: Ntion Musuo Ethnoogy, 22, . .. ..

Shint 2626Shint Kihi .Minami Kysh ni sakaeta Jmon bunka: Uenohara isekibunka: Uenohara isekiunka: Uenohara iseki

. Shiiiizu Iski o nu 2727. okyo: Shinsnsh, 26.okyo: Shinsnsh, 26.


21/30


Szo nd OConno 2nd OConno 2Conno 2Conno 2Kthin Szo nd Su OConno. Migtion nd Coxity in Hoon IsndSzo nd Su OConno. Migtion nd Coxity in Hoon Isndnd Su OConno. Migtion nd Coxity in Hoon IsndSu OConno. Migtion nd Coxity in Hoon IsndOConno. Migtion nd Coxity in Hoon IsndSouthst Asi. World Archaeology36: (2),: (2), (2), pp. 6262.

kiy 2222kiy Hioto. Poing o Wstn Jn, Fousing on Kyushu, Shikoku, ndHioto. Poing o Wstn Jn, Fousing on Kyushu, Shikoku, ndRyukyu Ahigo. Radiocarbon :2 (22), . 2.:2 (22), . 2.2 (22), . 2.

22John Edwd . T Sing Gint Hyothsis nd Nw Guins P in th. T Sing Gint Hyothsis nd Nw Guins P in th. T Sing Gint Hyothsis nd Nw Guins P in thPhistoy o Gt N Oni, World Archaeology, 36, (2), pp. 66.

Ti 77B Ti. Ey Sttnt o th Phiiins, Estn Indonsi, nd AustiTi. Ey Sttnt o th Phiiins, Estn Indonsi, nd Austi. Ey Sttnt o th Phiiins, Estn Indonsi, nd AustiNw Guin: A Nw Hyothsis.. Current Anthropology2:2 (7),:2 (7),2 (7), pp. 2362.

Ton nd Ryond An Ton nd Rot Ryond.Man on the Rim: Te Peopling o the Pacifc. NothRyd, NSW, Auknd nd London: Angus nd Rotson Puishs, .

sukd 66sukd Mtsuo. Vgttion in Phistoi Jn: T Lst 2, Ys. In RihdMtsuo. Vgttion in Phistoi Jn: T Lst 2, Ys. In RihdYs. In Rihds. In RihdRihdJ. Pson, d.Pson, d.d.. Windows on the Japanese Past: Studies in Archaeology and Prehistory. AnnAo: Cnt o Jns Studis, nivsity o Mihign, 6, . 6.

unu 22

Dvid unu.unu..Masons, ricksters and Cartographers: Comparative Studies in the Soci-ology o Scientifc and Indigenous Knowledge. Astd: Hwood Adi Puish-s, 2.

un 22Chisty G. un II. Sunddonty nd Sinodonty in Jn: T Dnt Bsis oun II. Sunddonty nd Sinodonty in Jn: T Dnt Bsis oII. Sunddonty nd Sinodonty in Jn: T Dnt Bsis o Du Oigin Hyothsis o th Poing o th Jns Isnds. In HnihKzu, d., d.d.Japan as a Member o the Asian and Pacifc PopulationsMember o the Asian and Pacifc Populationsember o the Asian and Pacifc Populations. Kyoto: Intn-tion Rsh Cnt o Jns Studis, 2, . 62.

un

. Shiting Continuity: Modn Hun Oigin. In Sydny Bnn ndSydny Bnn ndBnn ndHnih Kzu, ds., ds.ds.s.. Te Origin and Past o Modern Humans as Viewed rom DNA.Singo, Nw Jsy, London nd Hong Kong: Wod Sinti, , . 2623.

noh iskinoh Iski htt://inous.nt/uins/unoh.ht Assd 3 D 2.

Vovin Axnd Vovin. Is Jns Rtd to Austonsin?Vovin. Is Jns Rtd to Austonsin?. Is Jns Rtd to Austonsin? Oceanic Linguistics33:2:22(), . 363.


22/30

Edwin Palmer6

Wkit Wkit Huko. Mig nd Poty in Podn Jn o th Pstiv oHuko. Mig nd Poty in Podn Jn o th Pstiv oWons Histoy.Journal o Japanese Studies: (), . 73.: (), . 73. (), . 73.

Wtson (7) (7)Roxn Wtson.Wtson.. Te Living House: An Anthropology o Architecture in South-EastAsia. Oxod: Oxod nivsity Pss, ; k dition Ts nd Hudson,7.

Yond t . 22t . 22Yond Minou, Hiot Msshi, hid Mso, nk Atsushi, Shit Ysuyuki,Minou, Hiot Msshi, hid Mso, nk Atsushi, Shit Ysuyuki,Moit Mstoshi, nd Akzw ku. Rdioon nd St Isoto Anyss on, nd Akzw ku. Rdioon nd St Isoto Anyss onnd Akzw ku. Rdioon nd St Isoto Anyss onth Eist Joon Sktons o th ohi Roksht, Ngno, Jn. Radio-carbon :2 (22), . 7.:2 (22), . 7.2 (22), . 7.

NOES

T dting o th Jon iod is in its oti, s is xind y Ono t (22) nd Hu(2, . 2627 nd 372). In i, Jns hoogists hv tndd to y on (unitd)sttighi stits o th g o tts (tiuy otty) in n to dts itd ydioon dting. Hu s itd dting, y whih sh quts 3,7 unitd bp with6, itd bp (Hu 2, . 3). Cition shits th who iodiztion o histoi Jnk in honoogi ti.2 T iod und disussion dts Jn s stt o th Jns s ntion. Fo uoss oT iod und disussion dts Jn s stt o th Jns s ntion. Fo uoss ovity ht, Jn s to th Jns higo, nd Jns indits ontonous

inhitnts o th isnds, unss othwis sid.3 B t . ; Bndit . Nty suizd y Pituswsky , . . Tis oinion ws ound to untn y Pituswsky, o x, on th sis o his niotistudy (, . 2). Hu uts th stt o th Yyoi iod, s dnd y th n o i utivtion, t ., . bce (Hu 2, . 27).6 sk Fuitsu Yyoi Bunk Hkuutsukn , , . 2.7 Poution stits o Jon Jn vy widy o 7, to . iion. S, o x,Iu 6, . . sukd gus on th sis o viiity o ood sous tht th totoution did not xd sv hundd t ny on ti in th u-gi nd th y t-giiods (sukd 6, . 3), whih w n hs tk s th stting oint o oution gowth

in th Jon iod. Kidd, iting Koy Shuzo, stits 2, in th Eist Jon, ising to6, in th Ey Jon, nd king t 262, in Midd Jon, oowd y id outiondin to out h its xiu y th nd o th Jon iod (Kidd 3, . 6, 63, 6, 6).Hudson kons 7, in th Fin Jon (22, . 32). Fo nt disussion, inuding gionviiity, s Hu 2, . 6, who is on Koy (). Noi () ots th ndings o Mih H, whos sh into DNA suggsts thtigtions doinnty owd in th oosit ditions o thos suosd hithto: i.., tht

Jon o oigintd in Cnt Asi whi Yyoi o Southst Asi. Fo n x oth oniting us o th vidn: whs Chisty uns w known studis o tth o oundth AsiPi gion usuy inttd s inditing Jon Jns to gntiy inkd toSouthst Asins, nd Yyoi Jns to innd noth o nt Asins, Ku () gus on th


23/30


sis o is o uns vidn tht th Yyoi w os to Indonsins. Howv, it is gn-y td tht th viing vidn oints to stdy dixtu o Yyoi s thy intid withxisting Jon ounitis. So i suh gns w dy snt, th Yyoi oution woud in-vity hv ontind n nt o Sund gns tht hd n tnsittd o th Jon iod

onwds. Mo oing, hst st on th o itis th s onusion sd on vi-dn o i utivtion nd inguistis. Ku (), nd Ku nd Ros (2) not tht J-ns i, Oyzjaponica, hs n ound to gntiy divd o Indonsin i, Oyzjavanica(Ku nd Ros 2, . 22.) T ivd wisdo is tht i utivtion ntd Jn duing th

Yyoi iod (o ound th th ntuy bce); ipso acto, thy gu, Indonsin inun on Jnust dt o no i thn th Yyoi iod. Ku nd Ros suot this viw with oisono Od Jvns nd Od Jns inguisti vidn td to i utu. Ty ddu tht th in-un ws unidition, o Indonsi to Jn. Ty k no n to th wok o Bndit(), who ikwis nots n Austonsin inguisti s to th vouy o Jns i utu.T vidn o n Austo-i oigin o th y Jns [i-td] giutu tinoogy is o thn sustnti (Bndit , . . S so . 23323). Ku nd Ross vidnnd ogi sound, ut thi intttion hings on th tiing o th intodution o i into Jn,whih thy sing on outdtd ssutions. I thy tk Yyoi to to th ti o ound bce3 ce, thn I ust disg with thi onusion. Sski (7) osvs tht iin so o o noth ws dy known to Jon Jns (Sski 7, . 2, 27327). Hso nots Southst Asin nts in Jns i utu (Sski 7, . 27). Ahoogists idy ushing k in ti th suosd dts o th intodution o i into Jn, though thissu is sti und dt. So now snt vidn tht i y vn hv d s y s thEy Jon iod, ound 6, bp, sd on th disovy o nt o o Oyz sativaLinn.i t th Asnn Shound sit in Oky Ptu, . S Possi Ey Joon RiCutivtion htt://www.t-nt.n.j/~ky/Nws/Ahivs/joon22.ht Assd D

2. Tis oughy oinids with th tiing o th iv o Sund ignts in y disussion h.In oth wods, I g tht th st i nd th ngug ssoitd with it ight w hv n tknto Jn o Southst Asi (hs Indonsi), ut I ontnd tht it ws duing wht w sti gds th Jon iod, not s t s Yyoi. Tus, th xi vidn tuy suots y gunt. It isnot iossi (ut y iossi to ov) tht i ws dy ing utivtd on th gssndins o Sundnd o thos gions w inundtd; nd outignts woud iky hv tknstoks o gin with th on voyg, ong with to nd ys, vntuy s s Jn. S so Mtsuu nd Hudson, 2. Tis hs so n dud th Exss tin o iwnto Poynsi (EP) y Onhi (2). Bwood 7, . 6, 627, 2236; Pwy 22, . 272. Pz 22, . 276277; Szo nd OConno 2, . 62362.

2 T tdition o Joon otty odution gos k . . . to oxity 6, ys go(3,7 unitd ) (Hu 2, . 3).3 Pz 22; Dnh 2; Szo nd OConno 2; 2. T tt th s, yontst, suggst th ossiiity tht giutu nd oiutu ond vn i in Wnd/o Nw Guin. Szo nd OConno ighty ution us ginst onusing o who sk Aus-tonsin ngugs nd th ont o Austonsinsn i-dnd ont (2, . 623). Onhi ; 22; 2. Onhi 2, . .6 o onvy u undstnding o this oitd dt woud qui ngthy xntion,nd h I wi ontnt ys with th ogoing i suy, hoing tht it is inditiv o th in

ositions. No issnttion o ny tiints in th dt is intndd.


24/30

Edwin Palmer7

7 By this I n to xo whth th is vidn to suot it, th thn tht whih suggstsothwis, sin thois in this d o histoy onjtu nd uttiv to so xtnt. Evnin ss wh ts hv n iuty stishd, th (is)intttion o thos s ts ysti ontstd.

Ti 7. Onhis thoy on hun oigins, uishd in Out o Eden (Const nd Rots, 2),gv is to Chnn dounty o th s n nd Disovy Chnn T R Ev(22), nd t with i. H is so notd o his onoghs Out o Eden:Te Peopling o theWorld (London: Const, 23; Roinson, 2) nd Te Real Eve: Modern Mans Journey Out o

Arica(Co nd G, 2).2 sk Fuitsu Yyoi Bunk Hkuutsukn , . 2; Hnih ; Pituswsky ; Hud-son , . oii Ryz (73) notd utu siiitis twn Indonsins nd th

Yo o o Chin, nd th Hyto o southn Kysh s dsid in y Jns honis(itd in Sski 7, . ), ut th xtnt to whih Jon Jns w td to Southst

Asins y dvonts in ioogi nthooogy ws nvthss suising whn thy w stvd. T in onsnsus is tht th Jon w o osy td to Ainu nd Southst Asins,nd th Yyoi to ontinnt Est, Cnt, nd Noth Asins.2 Hows 6, . 7.22 Pson n.d., . 2.n.d., . 2., . 2.23 Evn in Poithi tis, gous o huns w to ov t st s uh s , k ntuy (Hnih 6, . 76). T hysi htistis o th Jns disy ixtu o south-n nd nothn Mongooid nts, whih stongy indit tht igtions took ov ongiod o ti nd o o thn on dition (Hnih 6, . 77).2 Bns 3, . ; Iu 6, . . Tis dt is unqustion. kiy nd Otnot dioon dts t 33,723 bp o hun oution o Kysh (22, . 6). Hnih

(, . 6) nd Ono t . (22, . 2) it , bp o Nojiiko. Howv is o uh od. Howv is o uh odvidn o hun sn in Jn dting to , BP o i ust t with so utionsin th disovy in t 2 o Poithi iod tts hving n ntd t sv ho-ogi sits y hoogist Fujiu Shinihi.2 Hudson , . 6; sk Fuitsu Yyoi Bunk Hkuutsukn , . 2. S so wsitsnd.26 Hnih , . 7. S so Bwood 7, . 3.27 NHK, 22. S so Nionjin Huk n i nNHK, 22. S so Nionjin Huk n i nhtt://www.khku.go.j/si/st/jns/iix/3/3-7/ht. Assd Jnuy 27.2 kiy nd Ot 22, . .2 NHK, 22.

3 Hows 6, ssi.3 Pituswsky , . 2.32 Mtsuu nd Hudson 2, . 232, Figs , 6 7. Ti intttion o thi suts s who suots th viw tht o ovd o southn Chin to Southst Asi. T ous o thi ing on Southst Asi, thy sy nothing with gd to Jon y wy o xining its inthis usting, whih s to to go ginst thi gn intttion.33 Wtson , 7.3 Bwood 7, . 2; Onhi , . 737, iting Sthn C. Jtt, Futh In-otion on th Goghy o th Bowgun nd its Iitions o Ey nsoni Contt,An-nals o the Association o American Geographers: (), . 2. Bowis thought to hv: (), . 2. Bowis thought to hv (), . 2. Bowis thought to hvoigintd in Bono, nd it is odd tht th ws isotd us o owis in Southn Kysh.3 Bndit , . 7; Kidd 3, . 7; Bwood 7, . ; Onhi ,


25/30


. 7; Ku nd Ros 2, . 23. Bk ws on o sv os s usd in Jn o othingunti th intodution o otton in th sixtnth ntuy (Hny 7, . ). Muy k is stith d o th nutu o Jns washi.36 Bwood 7, . , 3; Onhi , . 77, , 63. Sski , . 2627. S

so .37 MCuough 67; Wkit , . 77; Wtson , . 6. Bndit gos so s to in7; Wkit , . 77; Wtson , . 6. Bndit gos so s to in; Wkit , . 77; Wtson , . 6. Bndit gos so s to in oon y Austonsin oto-syst o [tiin] dsnt gous with sitiv oss-ousin ig, on th sis o inguisti onstution (, . ).3 E.g., Bndit . Bwood disisss vidn tht Jns ngug hs ny Austonsinoots, osition whih ss to untn (Bwood 7, . 2). H ss his undstndingon Vovins () itiis o so sts o Bndits wok, ut I think w shoud u not tothow out th y with th th wt.3 I tt this in n ti to uishd y Nihiunkn in 27, Out o Sundnd: T Pov-nn o Std Jns Myths. Oth sts o th Austonsin utu ox disussdund uiignos utu ow. C. , bp (Hu 2, . 2). Wtson , Pt 3 nd Figs 3; Bwood 7, Pt 6.2 Ey Jon Ht Found, Te Japan imes, 27 My 7; Hu 2, . 2.3 noh Iski wsit itd. Shint 26, ; noh Jon no Moi Sit ws visitd y th snt utho Nov 23 26.visitd y th snt utho Nov 23 26. NHK, 22.NHK, 22. Fnz t , . 3, .6 It is sti un whth o not Jn ws joind to th Kon ninsu. Minto (77) istht duing th W xiu (. 2, bp) n s v ws 3 ow thn t snt ound

Jn, nd tht th sugu Stits (sting Honsh o Hokkid) nd th Kon Stits od

soon twds, whi th Soy Stits twn Hokkid nd Skhin did not o unti ound3, ys go, nd th tskii Stit twn Skhin nd innd Sii not unti t sti(Minto 77, . 3.) Mintos Figu 7 indits tht nd idgs joind Jn to thinnd t so oint thoughout th iod o 7, to ound , ys go. Aoding tosukd (6, 22), th ou in isnds w inkd, Hokkid ws so onntd to Skhin in thnoth, nd oy Kysh to th Kon Pninsu. Hnih ddus tht ost o th stits ot-tos w not und wt (Hnih 6, . ). Coutt t suggst tht th ws dy nd ossth snt-dy sushi Stits, joining Jn to Ko (, 33, inst ). T s in Fnzt () tining to th iod 2,, bp indit tht th snt higo ws onnd ss joind to Eusi in th noth ony (. 3). T in Bns (3, . 6, Fig. 7)suggsts tht Jn ws joind t nith nd. [I]t is difut to judg whth o not th sugu nd

sushi stits w d y nd idg t th owst in th s v (Iu 6, 3.)Howv, Iu onds tht vn i thy w not joind, thy woud hv n vy onsidynowd nd siy nvig.7 Hnih , . 7. Bwood 7, . 7; Onhi , . 2. Bwood 7, . 2; Onhi , . 2. Hnihs stit is sd on n s.. t wood 7, . 2; Onhi , . 2. Hnihs stit is sd on n s.. t ow thn t snt (Hnih 6, . ). Known s th Od nd Young Dys vnts, stivy ,, bp nd 3,,bp. Fo x, [I]n ss thn 3 ys, . . . th s hd isn so 3. ts to ts owo x, [I]n ss thn 3 ys, . . . th s hd isn so 3. ts to ts ow[I]n ss thn 3 ys, . . . th s hd isn so 3. ts to ts own ss thn 3 ys, . . . th s hd isn so 3. ts to ts owits snt v. At th k dishg o igs nd twt, go s vs w ising o thn7 ntits y. Onhi , . 3, iting Pu Bnhon nd John Shw, R Downing


26/30

Edwin Palmer72

duing th Lst Dgition: Evidn o Ctstohi S-v Ris nd I Sht Cos, Geology,23, (), . .2 [P]ossiy th sing gst ood o th [st two iion ys]. Onhi , . 33, iting[P]ossiy th sing gst ood o th [st two iion ys]. Onhi , . 33, itingossiy th sing gst ood o th [st two iion ys]. Onhi , . 33, iting. Onhi , . 33, iting Onhi , . 33, itingChs H. Fth III nd Ck E. Shn, Sugd Shoins on Ohu, Hwii: Ahiv oFth III nd Ck E. Shn, Sugd Shoins on Ohu, Hwii: Ahiv oIII nd Ck E. Shn, Sugd Shoins on Ohu, Hwii: Ahiv oCk E. Shn, Sugd Shoins on Ohu, Hwii: Ahiv oShn, Sugd Shoins on Ohu, Hwii: Ahiv o

Eisodi nsgssion Duing th Dgition?,,Journal o Coastal Research, Si issu 7 (),. 2.3 Ryn nd Pitn , ssi. Ryn nd Pitn , . 3. Pitn , itd in Rot Bd, D Bk S,, itd in Rot Bd, D Bk S,, itd in Rot Bd, D Bk S,, itd in Rot Bd, D Bk S,itd in Rot Bd, D Bk S,Rot Bd, D Bk S,Bd, D Bk S,, National Geographic(My 2), . 6;Ryn nd Pitn , . 23.6 It hs n stitd tht ound th Bk S, o x, ost inhitnts woud hv snth wt v is y qut to h i dy (Ryn nd Pitn , . 6). Lss stuy,ut nvthss visiy, ts o th Shu sh y hv n downd t ts o 2 to tshoizont igtion y, with vti s v is xiizing t .. ts y (B-wood 7, . 33).7 Onhi , . . Bwood 7, . 222. Fnz t , . . Bwood 7, . , 3.6 Onhi , . 62, .6 Onhi , ssi. Ryn nd Pitn gu tht th ooding o th Bk S ws ht-nd o Noithi igtion into Euo, th Midd Est nd Cnt Asi (, . 22).62 T Ong Lut. S Bwood 7, . 336: hs this isty ontins tntizingod o o nint Myo-Poynsin dttions ong st.63 Onhi , . .6 Onhi , . 667. S so un , . 2223.

6 S so NHK, 22.S so NHK, 22.66 In Out o Sundnd: th Povnn o Std Jns Myths (s not 3, ov), I tst-ing Onhis viws on Southst Asin ythoogy ginst th Jns ythi ountt.67 Iwin 2, . 3. It hs n stitd tht vn th gtst distn o Sundnd to

Austi [i.., Shu], so , k, oud hv n tvd in ound outn dys (Ti 7,. 23).6 Iwin 2, . 23. Ton intins tht with o thn thousnd vitis o oo indig-nous to Southst Asi, it ws tivy sy to onstut vituy unsink ts (, . 33,nd intviw in NHK, 22).6 Ti 7, . 23.7 I dout whth o who hd th thnoogy to tv to visi isnd woud hv hosn

nv to do so.7 Iwin 2, . 27; un , . 22722.72 It is y ttiuting ditionity to th htognous inuts o th sun, sts, winds, wvs,s, ids, wth, ndks, sks nd si, tht th nvigto is to onstnty wo his osition nd ointtion (unu 2, . 36).73 Onhi , . 22.7 T nt hoogi disovis o nt o in ins in southn Kysh hv isd thT nt hoogi disovis o nt o in ins in southn Kysh hv isd thdistint ossiiity tht gins w ing uosuy utivtd th s y s out , bp (un-itd) (NHK, 22). I Onhis hyothsis is ot, this ski oud hv n tkn tosouthn Jn oiginy o th downd gssnd ins o Sundnd.7 Bwood 7, . 72.

76 Bwood 7, . ; Mtsuu nd Hudson, 2, . 3. Rnty, Ad Whyt nd Go


27/30


Chs, though studying n oho gn k, hv stishd gnti inks twn th indig-nous Austonsin-sking Bunun, Ais nd Yi o iwn nd Nw nd Moi. It ss thtth onusion jud to is tht Moi oigintd in iwn (Moi Ansty d Bk to iwn,wsit itd). I woud suggst, th, tht th ossiiity tht both th indignous iwns andth

Moi oigintd uth south in so now-downd ous in o SundShus, o ous,quit is ossi with gd to th onstution o th Poto-Austonsin ngug.77 Bwood 7, . 6. Bwood stts: []h otion o Poto-Austonsin is st d iniwn . . . twn nd 3. . . twn nd 3twn nd 3 bc o Initi Austonsin sttnt. My soning h is siytht otty, known utu nd inguisti k o t st Poto-Myo-Poynsin ounitis. . . st s in iwn t out this tihs , ys o its n in ny o thisnds to th south (7, . 7). Tis is uious ssution, us () it s to st on thdting o otty on, whih ss sh, nd () h ks no ntion o th t tht otty nds tuy od in Jn nd Estn Sii, i.., to th north.7 Bwood 7, . 2.7 Muy, 76; Bndit, . o disiss whos Bndits inguisti wok on Austo-i-

Jns is in y viw tu. Bwood 7, . 27. Onhi 2, . 7.2 Onhi 22, . 2223.3 Onhi , . 23. At xiu gition, vn i it w not th nt o n i sht, s so gu, it wsoy n gound ying ost-shttd gvs nd st tund vgttion oosd, i. .,oArtemisiand dw ushs (Nisson 3, . 37). Bns 3, . 6667.6 S, o x, Sski, 7; , . 2; 7.

7 Fnz t , . ; Bns 3, . 6; Iu 6, . 2, Fig. 3.. sukd 6, . 3. sukd 6, . 3. Pson n.d., . 3.n.d., . 3., . 3. Sighty sow thn tht xind in Euo (sukd 6, . 27, 33).2 Minto 77, . 3. T in tnsgssion hd its xiu duing Ey Jon iod,i.., 6,7, bp (sukd 6, . ).3 T jo t sis o whih ths osts oosd th vgn ok (Cyclobalanopsis),ts o th gnus Castanopsis, tabu, (Machilus spp.), ho (Cinnamonum spp.), nd i. (S-. (S- (S-ski , . 2). sukd 6, . 7, 37.

Iid., . 3.6 Iid., . .7 In Chin utivtion o i in th south nd oxti it in th noth s to hv sttd7,, bp (Iu 6, . 3). Fo disussion, s Sski 7, . 32; NHK22d. Dnh 2, . 6. o utivtion nd yths ssoitd with it in Jn, suh s th i in marebito (gust siits),hv n inkd to Okinw, Nw Guin, Mnsi, nd swh in th south Pi (Mtsu3, . 33). Sski 22, . 6.

sukd gs tht shiting utivtion took in Jn o th Midd Jon iod on-


28/30

Edwin Palmer7

wds (,,3 bp) (sukd 6, . ). His ist stit o ssh-nd un giutudts to . 7,7 bp) (sukd 6, . 2, ). Shiting utivtion gn t th iottion outigns tht w not indignous to Jn (sukd 6, . 6).2 sukd disusss th ginnings o it s utign in Jn (6, . 2).

3 S so Iu 6, . 7. S so Pson n.d., . .n.d., . ., . . Sski , . 2.6 Iid., . 2. Onhi osvs tht ths gous Austo-Asiti o Austonsin inIid., . 2. Onhi osvs tht ths gous Austo-Asiti o Austonsin in, . 2. Onhi osvs tht ths gous Austo-Asiti o Austonsin inoigini.., oiginting in Sundnd (, . .).7 Sski 7, . 7. Sski 6. Sski 7, . 2.Sski 7, . 2. Iid., . 7. As y s 2, Nishiu gud tht th t ws ost iky th t y whihIid., . 7. As y s 2, Nishiu gud tht th t ws ost iky th t y whihIid., . 7. As y s 2, Nishiu gud tht th t ws ost iky th t y whih, . 7. As y s 2, Nishiu gud tht th t ws ost iky th t y whihhistoi o ound thi wy to Jn (S. Nishiu, Ancient Rats in Japan, okyo: 2, .22, itd in Johnston , . ). Hu ots tht to dt out ty dugout nos hv nound dting o Ey to Fin Jon, inditing tht th us o nos ws iti oonntin tnsottion (2, . 236). T gny td thoy is tht i ws st gown n th Yngtz Riv in Chin hss y s , bp, ut Onhi its ontovsi vidn o th ist i-gowing disov-d to dt, t th Ski Cv sit on th My ninsu in Tind, dting o ,267,62 bp.H nots tht this quis ontion (Onhi, , 6; undtd wsit itd, . 2).2 Iu 6, . 7.3 Iid., . 3.Iid., . 3., . 3. Sski 7, . , 3; . 2. Iu 6, . 66.

6 hy ind to hv n Pun-ngug sks with Pun hysi htistis.hy ind to hv n Pun-ngug sks with Pun hysi htistis.7 I knowdg tht this y wht un s nu hyothsistht is to sy, on tht n-not ovn, ony disovn (, . 27). But tht dos not nuiy its ing onsidd. P, Out o Sundnd: th Povnn o Std Jns Myths (s not 3, ov).Out o Sundnd: th Povnn o Std Jns Myths (s not 3, ov).


29/30



30/30

out of sunda by jomon japanese

Documents