osh risk assessments & risk management

RISK ASSESSMENT & MANAGEMENT

Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598

Know definitions of Hazard, Risk, significant Hazard Recognize importance of significant Hazard to the

OSHMS Learn OSHMA requirements for Hazard

identification

Objectives of this Session


HAZARDA hazard is simply a condition or a set ofcircumstances that present a potential for harm.Hazards are divided into two broad categories:

Health hazards (cause occupational illnesses)

Safety Hazards (cause physical harm injuries)


RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT


SUPERVISORSUPERVISOR

Cost of Accidents

SufferingLost of earning

Extra expenses

Effect on familyContinuing disability

Effect onsport & hobbies

VICTIM AND DEPENDENTSVICTIM AND DEPENDENTS

Worry RecriminationReport, extra work, training new staff

Loss prestige

SECTION OR DEPARTMENTSECTION OR DEPARTMENT MoraleCapacitytoproduce

FIRM OR ORGANISATIONFIRM OR ORGANISATIONLoss of earningCompensation

Extra insurancepremium

Lost of clientDamage tothe equipmentand materials

Loss in payingin legal action Penalty

NATIONNATIONLoss ofincome ina form ofincome tax

Loss ofmorale


The Heart of Safety Management is the Control of Risk.HOW?

● The removal of the Hazard where possible.● Controlling the residual risk arising as a

consequence of the remaining hazard.



Risk Assessment Requirement from OSHAS 18001

Requirement from Laws and regulation bodies



● Look for the Hazards.● Decide who might be harmed and in what circumstances.● Evaluate the Risks and the adequacy of existing Controls.● Record the significant findings● Review the assessment.

5 steps to Risk Assessment



● Physical.● Chemical.● Biological.● Ergonomic.● Psychological.


Step-1-Identify the Hazards


GENERAL HAZARDS Conditions of access paths, roads & working area floors. Fire / Explosion. Confined Spaces. Work at height (Falling Objects Fall from height). Pressure Systems. Hazardous substances: Dust/fume &vapour/liquid/gas/ powder. Noise & Vibration. Electricity – Live / Capacitive / Static Heavy materials handling by manual labour.



GENERAL HAZARDS Work in proximity to mechanical handling equipment e.g.

Fork Lift,Truck’s etc. Work in proximity to mobile plant and heavy vehicles, Work with external energy sourced machinery e.g. wood

working cutting and forming. Metal turning, bending, pressingand drilling etc.

Ambient Temperature – (Heat stroke,Heat exhaustion).



GENERAL HAZARDS Weather conditions – Wind / Rain, Humidity etc. Poor or inadequate lighting. Poor or inadequate ventilation. Insufficient working space (Ergonomics / Location, etc.). Inadequate supervision:

Work out of normal hours- nights / weekends /holidays / overtimeand lone working etc.



GENERAL HAZARDS Inexperienced / untrained / unskilled operatives. Radioactive isotopes and X-Rays Poor Storage of hazardous / flammable materials etc. Bad Housekeeping. Violent behaviour




● Consider groups who may be especially at Risk.

● the disabled, pregnant workers, children and youngworkers.



● Consider the likelihood and Severity● Are existing controls adequate?● Is there anything else that can be done to make it safer?(ERICPD)



• the significant hazards• The existing control measures.• Identification of workers affected.• Reference to other guidance.



The new work place Change in method New process or plant Competency of individuals New legal requirements


● The potential severity of harm; and● The likelihood that harm will occur.


Determination of Risk


● Not Harmful (NH)● Slightly Harmful (SH)● Harmful (H)● Extremely Harmful (EH)● Multiple Casualties (M)● Catastrophic (C)

RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENTSeverity of Harm (S)


Superficial injuries; minor cuts and bruises; eye irritation fromdust; Nuisance and irritation e.g. headaches; ill-health leadingto temporary discomfort .


Severity of Harm (S)


Lacerations; burns; concussion; serious sprains; minorfractures; Deafness; dermatitis; asthma; work-related upper limbdisorders; ill-health leading to permanent minor disability.




Amputations; major fracture; poisoning; multiple injury to anindividual; fatal injuries; Occupational cancer; other severely lifeshortening diseases; acute fatal disease.




Multiple injury, fatal injuries, Occupational cancer, other severelylife shortening diseases acute fatal disease likely to affect agroup of workers simultaneously.




RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENTSeverity of Harm (S)

A Major industrial incident affecting the general public over alarge area. Multiple fatalities and injuries, Occupational disease& other severely life shortening diseases acute fatal disease.



Likelihood of Harm (L)

No.

Exp

osed

100 + 6 6 5 4 3

50 -100 6 5 4 3 3

25 – 50 6 4 3 2 2

15 – 25 6 3 3 2 1

5 –15 6 3 2 1 1

1 – 5 6 2 1 1 1

Time Continuous 5 hrs + 2 to 4 hrs .25 to 1hr 10min or less


Severity

Lik

elih

ood

36302418126

30252015105

2420161284

181512963

12108642

654321

RISK ASSESSMENT & RISKMANAGEMENT

Murray &RobertsMurray &

Roberts

Murray &Roberts

TAKENAKA


Roberts

Murray &Roberts


Roberts

Murray &Roberts

TAKENAKA

Risk Rating (R)


R6 = 1 to 6 = Trivial

LOWR5 = 8 to 10 = Tolerable

R4 = 12 = Moderate

MEDIUMR3 = 15, 16 & 18 = Substantial

R2 = 20-25 = High

HIGHR1= 30 – 36 Intolerable

Risk Can Vary Between 1 & 36

RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENTRisk Rating (R)


Put efforts to reduce risk. Carefully measure the cost for the presentation. Limit the risk Reduce Risk within a defined time period.



Further assessment required. Establish more precisely the likelihood of the harm. Improve control measures. Apply permit to work.



Do not start the work until the risk is reduced. Allocate considerable resources to reduce the work. If work already in progress stop the work and initiate

urgent action.



Do not start the work until the risk is reduced. Do not continue if the work is in progress. Work has to remain prohibited even if it is impossible to

reduce risk with unlimited resources.




REVIEW YOUR ASSESMENT & REVISE IT IF NECESSARY.

RECORD YOUR FINDINGS

EVALUATE THE RISKS & DECIDE WHETHER THE EXISTINGPRECAUTIONS ARE ADEQUATE OR WHETHER MORE SHOULDBE DONE.

DECIDE WHO MIGHT BE HARMED AND HOW

STEP 1 LOOK FOR THE ‘HAZARDS’

STEP 2

STEP3

STEP4

STEP5


osh risk assessments & risk management

Leadership & Management