ormagi daniSnulebis bioeTikis zrda

leqcia # 13

1. mimoxilva

•ormagi daniSnuleba, rogorc eTikuri sakiTxi– slaidebi 2 – 3

•ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi

– slaidebi 4 – 9•daZabuloba sargebelsa da riskis analizs Soris

– slaidebi 10 – 12•gamafrTxilebeli principi

– slaidebi 13 – 16•samecniero publikaciebisa da usafrTxoebis debuleba

– slaidebi 17 - 18 •gadawyvetilebis miReba ormagi daniSnulebis dilemebisaTvis

– slaidebi 19 - 20

2. ormagi daniSnuleba, rogorc eTikuri sakiTxi (i)

ormagi daniSnulebis dilema wamoiWreba biologiur da sxva mecnierebebSi kvlevis konteqstSi, rogorc im faqtis Sedegi, rodesac samecniero kvlevis erTidaigive nawils aqvs potenciali gamoyenebul iyos rogorc zianis, aseve sargeblis mosatanad.

3. ormagi daniSnuleba, rogorc eTikuri sakiTxi (ii)

ormagi daniSnuleba warmoSobs eTikur SekiTxvas: unda viqonioT Tu ara agenti, romelic moralurad aris pasuxismgebeli im qmedebis Sedegebze, rodesac es Sedegebi mosalodneli ar iyo, da, rodesa, zog SemTxvevaSi, agentis kontrols scdeboda?

is gvekiTxeba, aris Tu ara piri moralurad dakavSirebuli upirates gafrTxilebasTan Tavidan aicilos arasasurveli momavali Sedegebi.

4. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi

(i)

• zianis ar-miyenebis bioeTikuri principis (valdebulebis, rom ar daazianoT) ambobs, rom zianis ar miyeneba exeba ara marto gamiznul qmedebebs, aramed zianis riskis Seqmnasac.

• amrigad, individebma SeiZleba miayenon ziani an daayenon riskis qveS meore adamiani boroti ganzraxvebis gareSe – da, Sesabamisad, moralurad iyvnen amaze pasuxismgebeli.

5. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi

(ii)arsebobs zianis ar miyenebis valdebulebis xuTi kriteriumi. mkvlevarebi unda cdilobdnen, rom ar miayenon ziani, rac niSnavs:

- Tavisi profesiuli pasuxismgeblobis farglebSi- Tavisi profesiuli unarebis da SesaZleblobebis farglebSi- gaazrebulad ganWvretadi riski - proporciulad ufro didi, vidre sargebeli - sxva saSualebebiT ufro advilad miRweva ar SeiZleba.

6. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (iii)

avtorebi gvTavazoben Semdeg eTikur valdebulebebs:- moaxdinon bioterorizmis prevencia- CaerTon bioteroristuli Setevebis sapasuxo saqmianobaSi- gansazRvron Tavisi kvlevebis uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba- ar gamoaqveynon an gaaJReron mgrZnobiare informacia- gaakontrolon da SezRudon saSisi masalebis xelmisawvdomoba- moaxsenon saeWvo qmedebebis Sesaxeb

7. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (iv)

avtorebi askvnian, rom: “ufro gaazrebuli valdebulebebi aris movaleobebi gaiTvaliswinon kvlevis potenciuri uaryofiTi ganviTareba, daicvan mgrZnobiare masalis, teqnologiisa da codnis xelmisawvdomoba, da moaxsenon saeWvo qmedebebis Sesaxeb. pasuxismgebloba agreTve moicavs valdebulebas Tavidan aicilon mosalodneli da maRali albaTobis ziani.”

8. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (v)

“aq sakiT xi dgas ara imaSi, ramdenadaa mecnieri pasuxismgebeli Tavisi qmedebis mosalodnel Sedegebze, aramed ramdenadaa is pasuxismgebeli Tavisi kvlevis Sedegebis ganWvretaze, maT prevenciaze, da agreTve Zalisxmevaze iwinaswarmetyvelos amgvari Sedegebi.”

9. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (vi)

es avtori gvTavazobs, rom zogadi movaleobebi ar Sedis ormag daniSnulebaSi, rac aris damRupveli, da ramdenadac kontrolirebadia, saWiroebs daxmarebas mis prevenmciaSi. amas mivyevarT ufro specifiur movaleobebamde, rac moicavs:- ar awarmoon romelime garkveuli tipis kvleva- sistematiurad gaiTvaliswinon ormagi daniSnulebis sakiTxebi, raTa gafrTxildnen maTgan gamowveuli zianisagan- auwyon oficialur pirebs amgvari safrTxis Sesaxeb- ar gaacnon Sedegebi sazogadoebas, saidumlod Seinaxon saSiSi mecnieruli codna

10. daZabuloba sargebelsa da riskis analizs Soris (i)

rac dgas riskis qveS, aris akademiuri Tavisuflebis da samecniero progresis Tavisufleba sazogadoebis uflebis winaaRmdeg ar dadges kvlevis gamo riskis qveS.

11. daZabuloba sargebelsa da riskis analizs Soris (ii)

eTika moiTxovs davicvaT balansi uflebebsa da movaleobebs Soris.

biologiur mecnierebebSi ormagi daniSnulebis kvlevebis eTikuri analizi cdilobs gazomos realuri da potenciuri sargebeli da riskebi, da am sargeblebisa da riskebis realuri da potenciuri recipientebi/ mtareblebi.

12. daZabuloba sargebelsa da riskis analizs Soris (iii)

“saRi azris pozicia mdgomareobs imaSi, rom miRweul unda iqnas kompromisi erTis mxriv gavrcelebisa da mecnieruli progresis uflebasa da usafrTxoebis/sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis moTxovnebs Soris, meores mxriv. am TvalsazrisiT Cven drodadro unda mogvindes patara Sewirvebis gakeTeba sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobisa da/an usafrTxoebis mxares, rodesac saWiroa miviRoT udidesi sargebeli mecnierebaSi progresis mxridan; da zogjer mainc unda gvindodes sul cota patara Sewirvebis gakeTeba, , rodesac saWiroa miviRoT udidesi sargebeli mecnierebaSi progresis mxridan sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis da /an usafrTxoebisaTvis.”

13. gamafrTxilebeli principi (i)

gamafrTxilebeli principi (gp) Sedgeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis principisagan, romelic exeba im SemTxvevebs, rodesac ucnobi albaTobiT SeiZleba warmoiSvas seriozuli gverdiTi movlenebi. gp-s fundamenturi mesiji aris, rom “zog SemTxvevaSi unda miviRoT SesaZlo saSiSroebis sawinaaRmdego zomebi maSinac ki, rodesac xelmisawvdomi mtkicebuleba ar adasturebs amgvari saSiSroebis arsebobas, rogorc mecnierul faqts'.

14. gamafrTxilebeli principi (ii)

gamafrTxilebeli principi Cadebulia biologiuri dacvis mraval qcevis kodeqsSi. magaliTad,

“yvela piri da instituti, romlebic CarTuli arian sasicocxlo mecnierebebis romelime aspeqtSi. . . unda ecados akrZalon ormagi daniSnulebis informaciis da codnis gavrceleba mxolod im pirebze, romelTa Sesaxebac aris seriozuli safuZveli sjerodeT, rom informacia an codna SeiZleba advilad iqnas gamoyenebuli bioterorizmis an ibologiuri saomari saSualebebisaTvis.”

15. gamafrTxilebeli principi (iii)

arsebobs oTxi ZiriTadi konceptualuri ganzomileba, romlebic Cveulebriv Cndeba gamafrTxilebeli principis sxvadasxva versiebSi: safrTxe, gaurkvevloba, direqtiva da qmedeba.

amrigad: “Tuki arsebobs (1) safrTxe, romelic (2) gaurkvevelia, maSin zogierTi (3) qmedeba aris (4) savaldebulo”.

16. gamafrTxilebeli principi (iv)

avtorebi gvTavazoben gamafrTxilebeli princips ormagi daniSnulebisaTvis:

“rodesac da sadac arsebobs seriozuli da safuZvliani eWvi, rom kanonierad miRebuli biologiuri masala, teqnologia an codna sasicocxlo mecnierebebSi atarebs safrTxes adamianis JanmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebisaTvis, samecniero sazogadoeba valdebulia SeimuSavos, gaataros, da miiRos gamafrTxilebeli zomebi am eWvis sawinaaRmdegod.”

17. samecniero publikaciebisa da usafrTxoebis debuleba (i)

“Cven vaRiarebT, rom SemTxveviTredaqtorma SeiZleba daaskvnas, rom publikaciis Sedegad potenciuri ziani gadawonis sazogadoebisaTvis potenciur sargebels. amgvar pirobebSi statia unda gadakeTdes an saerTod ar qveyndeba. Jurnalebma da samecniero sazogadoebebma seiZleba iTamaSos mniSvnelovani roli mkvlevarebis mowodebaSi gamoaqveynon Tavisi kvlevebis Sedegebi ise, rom is sazogadoebis sargebels maqsimalurs gaxdis da minimumamde daiyvans arasworad gamoyenebis risks.”

18. samecniero publikaciebisa da usafrTxoebis debuleba (ii)

“debuleba ambobs, rom zogjer redaqtori iRebs gadawyvetilebas mgrZnobiarobis Sesaxeb, magram aranairi safuZveli ar gvaqvs vifiqroT, rom redaqtorebi, an saerTod samecniero sazogadoeba am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT kvalificirebuli arian, raTa gansajon usafrTxoebis riskebi. am sakiTxebis garkvevis dros mniSvnelovania, Tu ramdenad unda iyvnen mTavroba, bioeTikis specialistebi da/an usafrTxoebis specialistebi CarTuli samecniero mgrZnobiarobis sakiTxebSi.”

19. gadawyvetilebis miReba ormagi daniSnulebis dilemebisaTvis (i)

 - calkeuli mecnieris sruli avtonomia- instituciuri kontroli- instituciuri da samtavrobo kontrolis narevi- damoukidebeli avtoriteti- sruli samTavrobo kontroli

20. gadawyvetilebis miReba ormagi daniSnulebis dilemebisaTvis (ii)

bioeTikis mraval specialists miaCnia, rom mxolod Sereulma mmarTvelobam, romelic Sedgeba samecniero sazogadoebisagan samTavrobo struqturebTan erTad SeiZleba gadaWras ormagi daniSnulebis dilema. imis gadawyveta Tu vin aris pasuxismgebeli mocemul SemTxvevaSi, iqneba “konteqstidan gamomdinare”.

sanimuSo SekiTxvebi1. ratom aris ormagi daniSnuleba eTikuri problema?

2.romlebia eTikuri pasuxismgeblobebi, romlebsac eTikosebi aweseben im mecnierebisaTvis, romlebic ormagi daniSnulebis sakiTxebze muSaoben? eTanxmebiT Tu ara maT da tatom/ratom ara?

3. ra aris gamafrTxilebeli principebi da ra kavSirSia is ormag daniSnulebasTan?

4. ra variantebi arsebobs eTikuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebisaTvis ormagi daniSnulebis konteqstSi da romeli variantebia saukeTeso Tqvenis azriT?

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