O R I G I N S O F T H E C I V I L WA R

ABOLITION TO REBELLION

GREAT AWAKENING PART II

• Second Great Awakening goes from the 1790’s-1830’s

• Emphasized individual responsibility for seeking salvation and improving society

• Outdoor revivals and individual study

• Unitarians believed in the faith of the individual and used reason and logic

AFRICAN AMERICANS • Groups like the AME Methodists sent missionaries to teach the

slaves but had mixed results in the south

• Hoped to make more obedient slaves• Ephesians 6:5 and Titus 2:9• Servants, be obedient to them that are your masters according to the

flesh, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto Christ;• Teach slaves to be subject to their masters in everything, to try to please

them, not to talk back to them, 10 and not to steal from them, but to show that they can be fully trusted,

• Many African Americans liked stories like Moses and became more unified under Christianity

• Nat Turners Revolt killed 60 people

ABOLITIONISTS

• Abolition (trying to get rid of slavery) became a popular movement at this time in the north

• William Lloyd Garrison urged immediate freedom of slaves in his newspaper “the Liberator”

• Frederick Douglas believed in non-violent abolition in his paper “the North Star”

• Women like Elizabeth Stanton link with slaves

TENSION IN THE UNION

• North: Industrialization led to factory life and wage slavery (capitalism)• Many northerners lived in poverty• Worked as many as 10-12 hours a day 7 days a week to

pay rents and bills• Mostly unskilled labor• Dangerous living conditions• Dependent on the south/ making the main profits

• South: Plantation south survived on Slave labor

WRITE UP

• Which civilization would you want to live under? Who is better off the impoverished northerners or African slaves?

WRITE UP

• Should the government have the power to force companies to give their workers more benefits? Clean workplaces? Less hours? Is it ok to outsource labor and force other countries poor to do this work?

• Does the government have the right to interfere with private business if that business deals with slaves?

RULES ON SLAVES

• Missouri Compromise: States south of 36’30 would be open to slavery

• California wants to join as a free state causes trouble

• Compromise of 1850: Cali=free state, Tighter fugitive laws, popular sovereignty for other states

NORTH CHEATS ON FUGITIVE LAW

• Punishment included 1000 fine, no trial by jury, imprisonment

• Underground Railroad:• Harriet Tubman• Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle

Toms Cabin

KANSAS AND NEBRASKA

• Kansas-Nebraska act: Allowed both states to choose their fate

• Bleeding Kansas: “border ruffians” come harass abolitionists in Kansas and vote illegally to win Kansas

DRED SCOTT

• Dred Scott, a slave, brought to Wisconsin by owner• Brought to the supreme court • Scott loses • Supreme court rules that being in a free state does not

free you! Also said he was not a citizen so held no rights in court! Slaves were deemed property and could not be released by the 5th Amendment

• Harpers Ferry: In Virginia John Brown leads a revolt but put down (more contention)1859

TENSION IN ILLINOIS

• Lincoln-Douglas Debates for the IL Senate in 1858

• Stephen Douglas was a two term senator• Abraham Lincoln a one term congressman

• Both believed slavery was wrong but differed on how to eliminate it• Douglas said popular sovereignty• Lincoln said an amendment needed to be made

LOST SENATOR TURNS PRESIDENT

• Lincoln ran in 1860 on the Republican ticket• Said he would halt slavery expansion but not interfere with

the southerners slaves• Ran against 3 other strong opponents but wins with no

electoral votes from the south and less than half the popular vote

• Southern Secession• South Carolina secedes Dec. 20, 1860• Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas

follow SC• Jefferson Davis elected the new president of the Confederacy

WHO WAS IN THE RIGHT

• 4:30 Am April 12, 1861 battle of Fort Sumter “starts” the Civil War with the South taking over the Union fort on Confederate land in Charleston

BATTLE OF BULL RUN

• Prior to Bull Run, Virginia, Arkansas, N. Carolina and Tennessee all seceded when Lincoln calls for troops

• July of 1861

• Battle goes back and forth but South wins with Stonewall Jackson

• Lincoln increases enlistments of soldiers, calls McClellan

• South morale is high maybe too high

ANTIETAM

• Sept 17, 1862

• Robert E. Lee was in charge of the South with Jackson but their armies were separated for a time

• McClellan finds a cigar with Lee’s plans wrapped around them and attacks Lee and succeeds!

• Bloodiest battle in the war with 26,000 dying

• McClellan does nothing to pursue Lee but Lincoln makes the Emancipation Proclamation Jan 1, 1863

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

• Pg 172

• Slaves in the south are freed but not in the north

• Conscription started officially in the North and South

• 54th Regiment (vid)• Robert Shaw and his group from Massachusetts at Fort

Wagner

GETTYSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA

• Lasts from July 1-3, 1863

• John Buford leads Union troops against the south and is assisted by George Meade

• General Lee of the Confederacy counters and after three days of fighting 51,000 are left dead

• Lee would leave never again to try to invade northern soil

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

• In Nov. of 1863 Lincoln came to Gettysburg and gave a two minute speech

• After the Gettysburg Address people started to refer to the United States is rather than are• Demonstrating a new unity felt by the Northern states

• Activity with the Address

VICTORY AT VICKSBURG

• April-July 1863

• Ulysses S. Grant of the Union leads an attack on one of the last Confederate strongholds at Vicksburg, Mississippi

• Puts an end to the Confederate chances of winning

TOTAL WAR LEADS TO THE END

• Grant appoints William Sherman to continue the fighting in Georgia while he takes Virginia

• Used total war (attacking and destroying cities with civilians)• Wanted to break the will of the people• “War is cruel, war is cruelty” – Sherman before he torched

Atlanta

• Appomattox: Lee and Grant meet to officially end the war• Lincoln was generous in the negotiations. . . Why?