**identify three of the significant reform movements from the early 1800’s. temperance, public...
TRANSCRIPT
**Identify three of the significant reform
movements from the early 1800’s.
Temperance, public education, abolition,
women’s rights, 2nd Great Awakening
Why did many Americans settle in Texas in the early
1800s?
invited by Mexico, wanted chance to own land
Why did Santa Anna lay siege to the Alamo? What happened as a result of
fighting between Mexico & Texas?
settlers were refusing to follow Mexican Laws,
Texas won its independence
What is “Manifest Destiny”?
The belief that the U.S. would someday control the land from coast to coast.
What was the result of the Mexican American War?
The United States defeated Mexico and bought the land you’re sitting on
What was the result of giving Kansas and Nebraska
popular sovereignty over slavery?
Bleeding Kansas (fighting over slavery)
Why was the Dred Scott decision significant?
it maintained that slaves remained property regardless of the circumstances
What was John Brown hoping to do when he took
over the arsenal at Harpers’ Ferry?
arm slaves who would take part in a widespread revolt
Name two advantages the South had at the start of the
Civil War.
Better generals, defensive war, passion for their
cause
Name three advantages the North had at the start of the
Civil War.
larger population, more industry, better
transportation, more food production
What happened to the Southern industrial and agricultural production
facilities during the war?
They were almost totally wiped out
What was the official name of the South’s government?
Who was it’s President
CSA (Confederate States of America), Jefferson Davis
What was it about the style of fighting in the Civil War
that led to such huge numbers of casualties?
you would lead large #s of your men in an attempt to
break lines of large #s of the opposition (e.g. Picket's
Charge)
What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? What did it give the Union?
Free the slaves in rebellious states, moral cause for
fighting the war
What two Union victories happened on July 4, 1863? Why were they important?
Gettysburg (turned Lee back from DC) and
Vicksburg (control of the Mississippi)
What was Lincoln’s main point in the Gettysburg
Address?
no nation had ever been founded on the idea of the
equality of all men, and this was a cause well worth
fighting for
Who marched through the South in 1864-1865 with the
goal of forcing them to surrender? How?
Sherman, waging “total war”
**What was Lincoln’s philosophy on
reconstruction? Why was he unable to implement it?
Heal the wounds (malice toward none…), he was
assassinated 6 days after the war ended
What President did the Radical Republicans have a
major problem during Reconstruction? Why?
Andrew Johnson, he appeared to be
sympathetic to the South
Why did the Radical Republicans push for the
14th Amendment?
Southern States were passing Black Codes
**What was a carpetbagger? A scalawag?
a northerner who came south to help with reconstruction, a southerner that sympathized
with the north
**Name 2 things that kept freedmen from gaining true
equality during reconstruction.
sharecropping, KKK, black codes, racist attitudes
How did sharecropping keep many freedmen in the same basic conditions as slavery?
Put them in debt to landowners, locked to the
land living in poverty
Name 2 ways Southern states kept freedmen from
voting.
poll taxes, literacy tests, threats & violence
Why did Congress impeach Johnson? What was the
verdict in his trial?
fired Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act,
not guilty
What event of 1873 drew the attention of much of the
country away from reconstruction?
the Panic of 1873 (economic depression)
Why was homesteading attractive to people like
immigrants and freedmen?
gave them a chance to own land
Why did the lifestyle of the plains Native Americans
clash with the permanent fixtures (RRs, farms, etc.) of
the settlers?
the NAs were nomadic
What gov’t agency was in charge of handling
relationships with the Native Americans?
Bureau of Indian Affairs
**Give two examples of conflicts between Plains NAs
and the settlers/army.
Wounded Knee, Sand Creek, Little Big Horn, Chief
Joseph
Who led his people on a 3,000 mile journey in an attempt to avoid being
placed on a reservation?
Chief Joseph (Nez Perce)
**Identify three U.S. gov’t policies that were designed
to force the Native Americans to assimilate.
reservations, education, English, farming, supplies
What infrastructure was necessary for either of these industries to be successful?
the Transcontinental Railroad
**Give two examples of men who took advantage of these
new inventions to build powerful business empires.
Carnegie (Steel), Rockefeller (oil), Vanderbilt, Stanford,
Huntington (RR’s)
Why were companies able to pay low wages and maintain
poor conditions?
huge labor surplus (more workers than jobs)
Give 2 examples of poor working conditions.
heat/cold, unsafe machines, long hours, toxic
chemicals, low wages
What kind of organizations did workers form to try and
improve pay and conditions? How do these orgs get their
power?
unions, collective bargaining
What clash between labor and gov’t was wrongfully
blamed on “bomb-throwing anarchists”?
Haymarket Square Riot
Why would the gov’t always side with the owners against
the unions?
the owners had put them into the offices they held
**Identify 2 reasons why many immigrants came to
the U.S. between 1875-1925.
religious or political freedom, economic opportunity, land
ownership, seeking adventure
Where were most immigrants who came to the
U.S. in the late 1800’s & early 1900’s processed?
Ellis Island
Name 2 things that would have kept an immigrant
from getting into the U.S..
health problem, criminal record
Why were new immigrants subjected to so much
xenophobia?
different languages, religions, complexions,
illiteracy
**What are 2 characteristics of the “Gilded Age”?
new wealth, conspicuous spending, political
corruption, imitating Victorian lifestyle
What groups essentially stole the voting power away from the poor to use for their
own benefit?
political machines