orientation to communication

8/6/2019 Orientation to Communication

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Orientation to

Communication


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Latin word communis meaningcommon

communication is to establishcommonness


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Definitions of communication

Oxford English dictionary :

The imparting , conveying orexchange of ideas knowledge etc.whether by speech writing or signs.

Columbia encyclopedia :

Communication is transfer of

thoughts and messages ascontrasted with transportation. thetransfer of goods and persons.


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Charles E. Osgood

In most general sense ,we havecommunication when one system

(source) influences another(destination) by manipulation of

alternative signals , which can betransmitted over the channelsconnecting them


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Principles of communication

Stimulus response process .

Inevitable and irreversible .

Involves content and relationship.

Happens in context.


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Classification

Interpersonal

Intrapersonal

Extra personal Mass communication


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Forms of Communication

Nonverbal communication

Nonverbal communication describesthe process of conveying meaning inthe form of non-word messagesthrough e.g. gesture, body languageor posture; facial expression and eye

contact, object communication suchas clothing, hairstyles, architectureetc.


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Speech also contains nonverbalelements known as paralanguage.

Written texts include nonverbalelements .


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Visual communication

Visual communication is theconveyance of ideas and informationthrough creation of visualrepresentations.

P

rimarily associated with twodimensional images, it includes: signs ,drawing, graphic design, illustration,colors, video and TV.


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Oral communication

Oral communication, while primarily

referring to spoken verbalcommunication, typically relies onboth words, visual aids and non-verbal elements to support the

conveyance of the meaning.


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Oral communication includesdiscussion, speeches, presentations,interpersonal communication and many

other varieties.

In face to face communication the bodylanguage and voice tonality plays a

significant role and may have a greaterimpact on the listener than theintended content of the spoken words.


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when conveying emotion, if bodylanguage, tone of voice, and wordsdisagree, then body language andtone of voice will be believed morethan words.


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Written Communication

Written communication is

communication by means of writtensymbols (either printed orhandwritten) .


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Components

Source

Encoding

Message Channel

Receiver

Decoding Feedback


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Communication noise

In any communication model, noiseis interference with the decoding ofmessages sent over a channel by anencoder. There are many examplesof noise.


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Physical Noise

Physical noise is external to the

speaker and listener.

Psychological Noise

Psychological noise is mentalinterference that prevents you fromlistening.


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Physiological Noise

Physiological noise is any

physiological issue that interfereswith communication.

Semantic Noise

Semantic noise occurs when there isno shared meaning in acommunication.


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Process


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Context of Interpersonal

communication Context is the setting in which a

communication occurs , includingwhat precedes and follows what issaid.

Physical Context

Social Context

Historical context


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Psychological context

Cultural context


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Ethics Of Interpersonal

Communication Ethical communicators are truthful

and honest

They act with integrity They behave fairly

They demonstrate respect for the

ideas, opinion and feelings of others. They are responsible


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orientation to communication

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