Organs

Composed of 2 or more tissue types

DuctSweat, Saliva Ductless

Hormones

Epithelium?Connective Tissue?

Membranes-Epithelial and Connective Tissue-Sheet-like-Cover and line

Serous Membranes: line closed cavities, covers internal organs

1. What kind of epithelium?

Mucous Membranes: Line open tracts1. What kind of epithelium?

Cutaneous Membrane (Integument, Skin): Covers the body

1. What kind of epithelium?

Serous Membranes-Covers the outside of internal organs-Lines the inside of closed cavities-Simple squamous secretes a serous fluid for lubrication

(Mesothelium)

Layer of areolar(Sub-serous Fascia)

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Figure 1.10 Serous membrane relationships.

Outer balloon wall(comparable to parietal serosa) Peripheral

Air (comparable to serous cavity)

Inner balloon wall(comparable to visceral serosa)

Heart

Parietalpericardium

Pericardialspace with serous fluid (reduces friction)

Visceralpericardium

(a) A fist thrust into a flaccid balloon demonstratesthe relationship between the parietal and visceralserous membrane layers.

(b) The serosae associated with the heart.

Pg 19

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Esophagus(in mediastinum)

Right lung

Parietal pleuraVisceralpleura Pleural cavityPericardial membranesSternum

Anterior

Posterior

Root of lungat hilum

Left lung

Thoracic wall

Pulmonary trunk

Heart (in mediastinum)Anterior mediastinum

(c) Transverse section through the thorax, viewed from above. Lungs, pleural membranes, and major organs in the mediastinum are shown.

• Left main bronchus• Left pulmonary artery• Left pulmonary vein

Vertebra

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2 serous membranes

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(d)

Pancreas

LiverLesser omentum

Stomach

Duodenum

Transversemesocolon

Greater omentumMesentery

Jejunum

Visceral peritoneum

Urinary bladder

Transverse colon

Ileum

Parietal peritoneum

Rectum889

Mucous Membranes (mucosa)-Found lining the inside of our open systems (tracts)-4 locations?-Epithelium may make mucous (lubrication, protection, absorption)

lumen

Epithelium

Basement Membrane

Lamina Propria(areolar CT)

Muscularis Mucosa ?(smooth muscle)

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Figure 8.3 General structure of a synovial joint.

Periosteum

Ligament

FibrouscapsuleSynovialmembrane

Joint cavity(containssynovial fluid)

Articular (hyaline)cartilage

Articularcapsule

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Areolar & AdiposeSynovial Fluid - lubricates - provides nutrition

Synovial membranes line synovial joints (freely movable joints)

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Figure 5.1 Skin structure.

Epidermis Str. Sq.

Hair shaft

Dermis Reticularlayer

Papillarylayer

Hypodermis(superficial fascia)

Dermal papillae

Pore

Subpapillaryvascular plexus

Appendagesof skin • Eccrine sweat gland• Arrector pili muscle• Sebaceous (oil) gland• Hair follicle• Hair rootNervous structures

• Sensory nerve fiber• Pacinian corpuscle• Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus)

Cutaneous vascularplexus

Adipose tissueAreolar

Pg 151

Skin, Cutaneous Membrane, Integumentary System

Dense Irr

Areolar

ProtectionSensationThermoregulation

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Figure 5.2 The main structural features of the skin epidermis.

Melanocyte

Melanin granule

Tactile(Merkel)cellSensorynerve ending

Epidermaldendritic cell

Dermis

Dermis

Keratinocytes

Desmosomes

(b)

(a)

Stratum corneumMost superficial layer; 20–30 layers of dead cells represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin. Glycolipids in extracellular space.

Stratum granulosum (3-5)Three to five layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellated gran-ules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules.

Stratum spinosum (8-10)Several layers of keratinocytes unified by desmosomes. Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin.

Stratum basaleDeepest epidermal layer; one row of actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers. See occasional melanocytes and epidermal dendritic cells.

Pg 153

Stratum Lucidum?

Stratum Germinativum

Langerhan’s Cell

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Figure 5.1 Skin structure.

Epidermis Str. Sq.

Hair shaft

Dermis Reticularlayer

Papillarylayer

Hypodermis(superficial fascia)

Dermal papillae

Pore

Subpapillaryvascular plexus

Appendagesof skin • Eccrine sweat gland• Arrector pili muscle• Sebaceous (oil) gland• Hair follicle• Hair rootNervous structures

• Sensory nerve fiber• Pacinian corpuscle• Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus)

Cutaneous vascularplexus

Adipose tissueAreolar

Pg 151

Skin, Cutaneous Membrane, Integumentary System

Dense Irr

Areolar

ProtectionSensationThermoregulation

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Figure 5.3 The two regions of the dermis.

Dermis

(a) Light micrograph of thick skin identifying the extent of the dermis, (50x)

(b) Papillary layer of dermis, SEM (22,700x)

(c) Reticular layer of dermis, SEM (38,500x)

FingerprintsAreolarVessels, receptors

80%Dense Irr.Tension linesStrength, binds waterSkin

Superficial FasciaDeep Fascia

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Clicker Question: A patient taking a drug that inhibits cell division (such as certain chemotherapy drugs) would expect

which layer of the epidermis to be affected first?

A. Stratum corneumB. Stratum basaleC. Stratum spinosumD. Stratum granulosum