Organic Molecules

Carbohydrates

• AKA Sugars

• Monomer: Monosaccharide (single sugar)

• Structure: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

1:2:1

Glucose Sucrose

C6H12O6 C12H22O11

***Dehydration synthesis

Carbohydrates (Cont.)

• Uses:

1) Energy source for living things

2) Structural purposes

Cell wall – Plants – Made of cellulose

Insect Exoskeleton – Chitin

Carbohydrates (Cont.)

• Types/Examples:

1) Monosaccharides – Single sugar

C6H12O6

2) Disaccharide – Two sugars

C12H22O11

3) Polysaccharide – Many sugars

Long chains of hundreds

Carbohydrates (Cont.)

• Examples of Polysaccharides 1) Starch (Plants) / Glycogen (Animals) Long chains of glucose – Short term sugar storage 2) Cellulose Thousands of glucose molecules Makes up the cell wall *Humans can’t digest

Lipids

• AKA Fats, Oils, Waxes• Monomer: Glycerol

and Fatty Acids• Structure: Non-polar

molecules

Composed of C, H,and O

Lipids (Cont.)

• Uses:

1) Energy storage

2) Make up cell membrane

3) Waterproof coverings

4) Chemical messengers

Lipids (Cont.)Saturated Fats: Maximum # of H NO DOUBLE BOND Clog arteries Come from animals

Unsaturated Fats: Not saturated with H Contains a double bond Do not clog arteries Come from plantsPolyunsaturated: More than one double bond

Proteins

• Monomer: Amino Acids• Structure: Long chains of amino acids Composed mostly of COHN There are only 20 different amino acids Works like the alphabet All are exactly the same except for the side group

Proteins (Cont.)

• Uses:

1) Control rate of reaction (Enzymes)

2) Regulate cell processes (Hormones)

3) Movement (Muscles)

4) Structure (Tendons/Cartilage)

5) Transport substances (Hemoglobin)

6) Fight disease (Antibodies)

Proteins (Cont.)

• Examples: See previous slide

Enzymes – Speed up chemical reactions

Lock and Key Model

Nucleic Acids

• Monomer: Nucleotides

• Structure:

Nucleic Acids (Cont.)

• Uses: Store and transmit genetic info

• Types/Examples:

DNA RNA

Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose

Function Blueprint for life Carries DNA info from nucleus out to other cell parts