Organic Compounds Four Groups of Organic Compounds A. The four groups of organic compounds found in living things are: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Composition A. Made up of the elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Universal Formula C 6 H 12 O 6 Functions A. Main source of energy for Consumers B. Structures (like the cell wall of plants or the exoskeleton of insects) Groups A.Monosaccharide 1 sugar molecule B. Disaccharide 2 sugar molecules C. Polysaccharide many sugar molecules MONNOSACCHARIDES 1.GLUCOSE- basic source of energy Ex: (fruits) C 6 H 12 O 6 2.FRUCTOSE- the sweetest of monosaccharides; found in fruits 3.GALACTOSE- a single molecule of milk DISACCHARIDES 1.MALTOSEfound in wheat and barley 2.LACTOSEmade up of galactose & glucose (milk sugar) 3.SUCROSEtable sugar POLYSACCHARIDES Supply long term energy PROVIDES STRUCTURE!!! EXAMPLES: 1. Starch-stored energy in plants (potatoes) 2. Glycogen- stored energy in animals (muscle & liver cells) 3. Cellulose- found in plant cell walls How it gets into our bodies Bread Sweets Fruit Vegetables Pasta Potatoes LIPIDS FATS, OILS, WAXES Composition Made up of the elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Made of mostly C & H hard to break down Functions A. Long Term Energy Storage B. Make up the cell membrane GROUPS 1. MONOMERS fatty acids 2. POLYMERStriglycerides, phospholipids, and waxes *** Triglycerides --UNSATURATED FATS liquid at room temperature (ex: vegetable oil) --SATURATED FATSsolid at room temperature (ex: butter) -- TRANS FAT the worst fat How it gets into our bodies Dairy products Fried Foods Cooking Oil Butter Nuts PROTEINS Composition Made up of the elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Sulfur (S) (sometimes) Nitrogen (N) **THE MOST DIVERSE GROUP OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS** Functions 1. PROVIDE STRUCTUREhelp to build organisms (ex: hair, lungs, heart) 2. TRANSPORTcarry important molecules throughout the organism (ex: hemoglobin carries oxygen) *HELPS WITH IMMUNITY* 3. ENZYMESproteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction collagen hemoglobin Groups Proteins are made of monomers known as Amino Acids (AA) Amino Acids can be joined to form Polypeptides (Proteins) How it gets into our bodies meat poultry fish dairy eggs legumes nuts Nucleic Acids Composition Made up of the elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (contain Phosphorous) Functions 1. carries information for the cell **GENETIC INFO FOR MAKING PROTEINS** Groups 1. monomers = NUCLEOTIDES 2. polymers = DNA and RNA How it gets into our bodies Inherited from our parents The Common Elements The common elements in living things are: C, H, O, P, N