organic compounds compounds containing carbon that make up living things
TRANSCRIPT
Organic Compounds
Compounds containing
carbon that
make up living things
Most of a living thing is water (40-92%)
The bulk of the remaining matter is organic compounds and contain carbon
4 Groups of Organic Compounds
CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
Carbohydratescomposed of C, H, and O; in
a 1:2:1 ratio (i.e. C6H12O6)
called the sugarsring shaped molecules
Structural formula of a simple carbohydrate
Abbreviated structural formula
CarbohydratesCan be:
• monosaccharides
• disaccharides or
• polysaccharides
Small monomers bond to form polymers
Polymers can be broken down into monomers
main energy source for all living things (used in cell respiration)
short-term energy storage Cellulose makes up plant cell
walls Complex carbohydrates
(polysaccharides) make up fiber in the human digestive system
Atoms in carbohydrates are used to make other compounds in the body
Glycogen is a carbohydrate made from long chains of glucose; stored in the liver
Starch is long chains of carbohydrates made by plants
When carbohydrates are consumed… Bonds between the larger carbohydrate
molecules are broken so that simple sugars can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
The bloodstream carries the simple sugars to cells throughout the body.
Once inside the cells, simple sugars are used as fuel in the process of cellular respiration, releasing energy which is stored as ATP.
Lipids composed of C, H and O (one type
contains phosphorus) formed by bonding glycerol and
fatty acids (3 fatty acids can bond to a glycerol molecule)
Examples of Lipids
wax (covering of plants to prevent evaporation of H2O)
oil (energy storage in plants; liquids at room temperature)
Examples of Lipids
fats (long term energy storage in animals and insulation; solid at room temperature)
phospholipids (make up cell membranes)
When fats are consumed…
Molecules are broken down absorbed into the bloodstream. The glycerol and fatty acid molecules are carried by the blood stream throughout the body.Once inside the cell, glycerol and fatty acids are stored for later use or used as fuel for cellular respiration if there are no carbohydrates available.
Proteinscomposed of C, H, O, N and
sometimes S there are 20 different types of
amino acids that bond in long chains
12 of the amino acids are made by the human body; the rest must be consumed in food
Basic structure of an amino acid
Amino Acids
Proteins are long chains of amino acids
The amino acids make bonds with each other to form a globular shape
Antibody and flu virus
Types of Protein• antibodies
• collagen
• enzymes
• contractile proteins found in muscle
• most hormones (such as insulin)
• transport proteins in membranes
• keratin in hair and nails
When proteins are consumed…
Bonds are broken and individual amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream.The amino acids are carried by the blood stream to cells throughout the body.Once inside the cell, they are used as raw materials to make all proteins required by the organism.Proteins are only used as energy AFTER carbohydrates and lipids are used. (Which doesn’t usually happen!)
Nucleic Acids• deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
• ribonucleic acid (RNA)
• makes up the genetics of a cell
Nucleotides
QUIZ TIME!
What are the monomers of proteins?
• amino acids
• nucleotides
• glycerol and fatty acids
• monosaccharides
DNA & RNA belong to which group of compounds?
• proteins
• lipids
• nucleic acids
• carbohydrates
What compounds are made from glycerol and fatty acids?
• proteins
• lipids
• nucleic acids
• polysaccharides
Most organic compounds are which type?
• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• nucleic acids