hydrocarbons. hydrocarbons simplest organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen
TRANSCRIPT
HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Simplest organic compounds containing only Simplest organic compounds containing only
carbon and hydrogen carbon and hydrogen
AlkanesAlkanes
Alkanes
A hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent A hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent
bonds. bonds.
•All C - C bonds are single covalent bondsAll C - C bonds are single covalent bonds
•All other bonds are C – H bondsAll other bonds are C – H bonds
Alkanes
NameName Molecular Molecular FormulaFormula
Structural FormulaStructural Formula
MethaneMethane CHCH44 CHCH44
EthaneEthane CC22HH66 CHCH33CHCH33
PropanePropane CC33HH88 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH33
ButaneButane CC44HH1010 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33
PentanePentane CC55HH1212 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33
HexaneHexane CC66HH1414 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33
HeptaneHeptane CC77HH1616 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33
OctaneOctane CC88HH1818 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33
NonaneNonane CC99HH2020 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33
DecaneDecane CC1010HH2222 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33
Functional Functional GroupsGroups
Functional Groups
A functional group is a specific arrangement A functional group is a specific arrangement
of atoms in an organic compound that is of atoms in an organic compound that is
capable of characteristic chemical reactions.capable of characteristic chemical reactions.
Functional Groups
The symbol R represents any carbon chains The symbol R represents any carbon chains
or rings attached to the functional group. or rings attached to the functional group.
HalocarbonHalocarbon
Compound StructureCompound Structure
R X ( X = F, Cl, Br, or I)R X ( X = F, Cl, Br, or I)
Functional GroupFunctional GroupHalogenHalogen
FreonFreon
AlcoholAlcohol
Compound StructureCompound Structure
R OHR OH
Functional GroupFunctional GroupHydroxylHydroxyl
Ethyl AlcoholEthyl Alcohol
EtherEther
Compound StructureCompound Structure
R O R’ R O R’
Functional Functional GroupGroup
EtherEther
Ethyl EtherEthyl Ether
AldehydeAldehyde
Compound StructureCompound Structure OO
R C H R C H
Functional GroupFunctional GroupCarbonylCarbonyl
KetoneKetone
Compound StructureCompound Structure OO
R C R R C R
Functional GroupFunctional GroupCarbonylCarbonyl
Methyl Isobutyl KetoneMethyl Isobutyl Ketone
Carboxylic AcidCarboxylic Acid
Compound StructureCompound Structure OO
R C OH R C OH
Functional GroupFunctional GroupCarboxylCarboxyl
EsterEster
Compound StructureCompound Structure OO
R C O R R C O R
Functional Functional GroupGroup
EsterEster
AmineAmine
Compound StructureCompound Structure
R NH2 R NH2
Functional GroupFunctional GroupAminoAmino
AmideAmide
Compound StructureCompound Structure O HO H
R C N R R C N R
Functional GroupFunctional GroupAmideAmide