optimization of urban transport with “true blue” mini...

Optimization of Urban Transport with “True Blue” Mini Buses

Section I: Urbanization & Urban Transport a Global Perspective

Section II: Urbanization & Urban Transport in the Indian Context

Section III: Role of Mini Buses & Challenges in Urban Transport

Section IV: Product Introduction Module – “Force Traveller Smart Citi Bus” a True

Blue Mini Bus

Key Takeaways for Open House Discussions

26/11/2015

Section – I Urbanization & Urban Transport a Global Perspective

India is expected to add 404 Million Urban Dwellers as against 292 Million expected by China in next 25 Years

Source: 2014 World Urbanization Prospects - United Nations

Glo

bal R

ural

Urb

an S

plit

Cont

inen

t Spe

cific

Rur

al U

rban

Spl

it• 54% of the global population is Urban in 2014 asagainst 30% in 1950

•It is expected that 66% of the population will beUrban by 2050

•Asia and Africa are urbanizing at a Very High Rate•Asia is expected to Host 50% of the Worlds UrbanPopulation

•India, China and Nigeria – 3 Countries to account for37% 0f the growth from 2014-2050

Urbanization & Urban Transport – A Global Perspective

Fastest growing Urban Agglomerations:- Medium Sized Cities with 500,000 to 1 Mn Population Sizeable Urban Agglomerations:- with less than 500,000 people

• 12.5 % of the world urban dwellers live in Megacities(with populations more than 10 Million)

• 50% of the Urban Dwellers are living in habitats ofless than 500,000 population

•The proportion of urban dwellers in habitats lessthan 500,000 is expected to shrink but still thesehabitats will house 45% of the worlds urbanpopulation

Source: 2014 World Urbanization Prospects - United Nations


India may move in any of the directions of the developed world with increase in urbanization. In any case the role of Mini Buses cannot be overlooked

Source: Euromonitor, Worldbank, European Commission Statistical Year Book, National Statistics on Transportation, JAMA,SIAM

• 3500 Urban Agglomerations• Average City Size 71000 people• Urbanization:• Bus (%) Public Transport:• Mini Bus registrations:

• 732 Urban Agglomerations• Average City Size: 2,32,000 people• Urbanization:• Bus (%) Public Transport:• Mini Bus registrations:

• 163 Urban Agglomerations• Average City Size: 4,71,000 people• Urbanization:• Bus (%) Public Transport• Mini Bus registrations:

• 483 Urban Agglomerations• Average City Size: 5,52,000 people• Urbanization:• Dependency on Buses:• Mini Bus registrations':

20 %75%81% 93%

63 %

32%12%

50%90% 18%20 %

77%Dependency of Buses is calculated as a share of BillionPassenger Kms between Bus and Railways used forPublic Transport

Definition of Mini Buses:In USA: < 25 SeatsIn Europe: < 3.5T GVWIn Japan: < 29 SeatsIn India: As per SIAM < 5T GVW, ≥ 13+D Seats

As per UBS II ≤ 7M Overall Length, ≤ 21+D


Section – II Urbanization & Urban Transport in the Indian Perspective

Majority of the Urban Agglomerations in India are below 0.5 Mn Population

3 Large Cities with Population 5-10 Mnviz Ahmadabad, Hyderabad & Bangalore

2 Megacities with population more than 10Mn viz Mumbai & Delhi

43 Urban Agglomerations between 0.5 Mn– 1 Mn

41 Medium Sized Cities with Population 1-5Mn

399 Agglomerations with population < 0.5Mn

Urbanization & Urban Transport in Indian Perspective – Classification of Cities

Post JnNURM I, the fleet size of most of the CTUs increased. However, the Occupancy Ratios of 4 Cities fell indicating either excess buying or buying of buses with higher capacity

Urbanization & Urban Transport in Indian Perspective – JnNURM I

40783841

5715

966

3262

977

1614

4314

5341

6603

1036

3660

718

1841

6%

39%

16%

7%

12%

-27%

14%

-30%

-20%

-10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Mumbai Delhi Bangalore Ahmedabad Chennai Kolkata Pune2009-10 10-11 12-13 13-14 Growth

Change in fleet size of City Transport Undertakings Trend in Occupancy Factors (%)

74% 70%

65%

59%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

2009-10 10-11 12-13 13-14

80%

87%

76%75%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

2009-10 10-11 12-13 13-14

63%

88%

71%

66%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

2009-10 10-11 12-13 13-14

58%

66%

62%

52%

50%

52%

54%

56%

58%

60%

62%

64%

66%

68%

2009-10 10-11 12-13 13-14

Ahmadabad Chennai

BangaloreMumbai

Source: Reports on Performance of STUs as Released by MORTH for respective years

Total Funding allocation for 10,000 Buses

Only 4% (437 Nos) were allocated for Mini Buses

Technical regulations under UBS II made features like Air Brakes, Automatic Transmission & Air Suspensionwhich were inherently required only for bigger (12m) buses, mandatory for Mini Buses (where it was notrequired). The free finalization not only increased the acquisition cost but also the maintenance cost of the buses.

Ultimately , procurement happened for 148 Nos Mini Buses only

Base Product(P1)

P2 = P1+ AirBrake

P3 = P2 + AirSuspension

P4 = P3 +AT/AMT

+ 20,000

+ 2,25,000

+2,25,000Impact of ~ 5,00,000 inacquisition cost

The importance of Mini Buses in improving Utilization Factor, reducing initial cost & improving operating efficiencywas not fully realizedActually, Mini Buses have a Big Role to play in the Modern Urban Transport Scenario

Urbanization & Urban Transport in Indian Perspective – JnNURM II

Urbanization & Urban Transport in Indian Perspective – 100 Smart Cities

India is expected to follow the global trend of urbanization with focus on Urban Agglomerations of 1-5 Million andSmall Cities with less than 0.5 Mn agglomerations For Such Smaller Urban Towns Mini Buses will have a greater role to play for Urban Transport

43 Medium Sized cities out of the nominated98 cities have a population of 1-5 Million

47 Small Agglomerations (have a population <0.5 Mn inhabitants)

1 Mega City Mumbai with 15 – 20 MillionPopulation

Only 2 Large Cities, Chennai & Hyderabadwith 5-10 Mn inhabitants

Section – III Role of Mini Buses in Modern Urban Transport

Role of Mini Buses in Urbanized Transport cannot be overlooked

Role of Mini Buses in Modern Urban Transport

Section – IV Product Introduction of a “True Blue Mini Bus”- TheForce Traveller Smart Citi Bus

• Get hassle free, quick, clean &frequent services

• Affordable cost of travelling• Experience international safety &security standards

• Comfort, less Fatigue and Convenience

• Provide best in class service tocommuters inline with rules definedby Government of India

• Maintaining higher profits margins &least operating cost

Operator

Government

Passenger

Society

• Cater to the needs of the stakeholders• Ensure Passenger Safety & Comfort• Conserve Natural Resources• Should meet the latest regulations asspecified by various authorities

• Pollution free environment•Safer transport system which ensuressafety of passengers & pedestrians

•Reduce the fatalities due to roadaccidents

Stakeholder Expectation

Introducing the Traveller Smart Citi Bus:- Option 1: Traveller 14+D with BSIII/BS IV Diesel, BS IV CNG Options- Option 2: Traveller 21+D with BS III/BS IV Diesel, BS IVCNG Options

Meeting the latestMOUD UBS II

Norms

Upgradable toBS V & BS VIStandards

Introducing the all New Traveller Smart Citi Bus

The all new Traveller Smart Citi Bus, redefining Comfort and Safety. Catering to the Modern need ofurban mobility in India

Mod

el

Diesel

Dim

ensio

ns (m

m) Overall Length 6770Overall Width 2225Overall Height 2670 mm (with AC 2870 mm)Wheelbase 4020Seating Capacity 21+DGVW (kgs) 5570

Type

Engi

ne

Emission BS IIIModel TD 2200 CRDi

Type4 Cyl , 16 V , TCIC DOHC , VGT , Dual Mass Flywheel

Displacement 2149 ccPower (kW) 95@3800 RPM (130 PS)Torque (Nm) 300@1600-2400

Gear

Box No of Speeds 5F+1R

Model G-32-M/5Type Synchromesh

Brak

e FrontDisc

Rear

Susp

ens

ion Front Semi Elliptical Leaf Spring with Hydraulic

Telescopic Shock absorbers and Anti Roll BarRear

Tyre No of Tyres 6Size 215/75 R 15“ (Tubeless)

Fuel Tank Capacity 70 Litres

Opt

ions Steering Power assisted

AC OptionalABS √

TRAVELLER : 21+D (Also available in 14+D)

TRAVELLER : 21+D

TRAVELLER : 14+D


• Performance:- 16 Valve CRDi, 130 HP 2.2 Litre Engine (Option: TD 2650 2.6 Litre CRDi Engine)- Best Durability- Computer Designed 1Tonne (800 - 1000 Kg) Lighter Optimized Monocoque Body- Highest Power to Weight Ratio as compared to Competition Buses

• Best in Class Fuel Economy:- due to least Kerb weight- & Most Efficient Driveline

• Safety:- All 4 Wheel Ventilated Disc Brakes : Class Leading Safety as compared to Drum Brakesused by Competition

- ABS + EBD: Only Product in its Category available with this feature- Security & Safety enhanced by Intelligent Transport System

• Reliability:- Best in Class Reliable Driveline (Engine, Gear Box and Axle) with Class Leading AggregateLife

• Comfort:- Least NVH (Noise, Vibration & Harshness) enabling Fatigue Free Rides as compared to Chassisbuilt Buses

- Best in Class Ride Comfort- Passenger Information System & Driver Assistance through Intelligent Transport System

• Elegance:- 6th Generation CED Dip Painting to have best Paint Life & Rust Protection- Robotic Top Coat Application to have Car Like Gloss Finish- Ultra Modern Styling & Factory Built Body Quality


Feature – Advantage – Benefit Analysis

Performance & Reliability

High Low End Torque and Flatter Torque Curves enable best in class Driveability ensuring least GearChanges in City Traffic


In a Mini Bus where the distance between the shifter and Gear Box is negligible and with only 5 Gears to Shift, usingan AT/AMT gives no added advantage but increases cost The Dual Mass Fly Wheel (DMFW) Technology is one of its kind and the most optimal solution to give the advantages

of an automatic/automated manual transmission at lower costs

In a 12 M Long Bus AT/AMT is neededbecause:

• Long Length with Gear Box Mountedat Rear

• Gear Shifter Position in Front• 8-12 Speed Gear Box requirescontinuous shifting

• High Clutch Effort due to heavy dutyengine clutch


The DMFW technology coupled with a Special Clutch with MCC lining marginalizes the requirement ofan AT/AMT delivering best drivability experience by ensuring least Gear Changes and Gear ChangeEfforts


Chassis built Buses

Economy

New Generation Common RailEngine

Engine

CatalyticConvertor

Muffler

12% Lower Cost

The All Wheel Disc Brakes deliver s best in class Braking efficiency and thus eliminates the need of AirBrakes (Use of which increases acquisition and Running Cost)

Safety

Comfort

Acceptance Criteria as per ISO 2631 (Index shall be less than 0.6 m/s2)

The Traveller Suspension Systems deliver least fatigue which is well below the acceptance standards

Seat Mount –Feet position

Seat BackRest Position

Seat BasePosition

DataAcquisitionSystem

In the case of Mini Buses the Engine is Mounted in the front and the variation on the front Axle fromunladen to rated load condition is minimum.Mandating the use of Front Air Suspension in actual condition does not add any value, but increases

the cost incase of Mini Buses , as a rear Air Suspension itself can increase the ride comfort.

Comfort

Seat Mount –Feet position

Seat BackRest Position

Seat BasePosition

DataAcquisitionSystem

Driver Fatigue has a all new low with the best ergonomically designed seat

Comfort

Designed for Best Reliability & Durability for Long Life and Ageless Looks

Durability

Other UBS II Compliances

Mini Buses have a central Role to play in Urban Transport in either a principal mode or complimentary to the other modes oftransport like Metro Rail, based on the City Population.

Regulations should emphasize on Performance criteria for Vehicles , rather than specifying Technology to meet these criteria

The Mini Buses like Force Traveller should be viewed as distinct from Large Buses. The following technologies may be required forbigger buses but should not be mandatory for Mini Buses:

1) Air Brakes:-a) Mini Buses with Hydraullic Brakes meet notified standards under CMVR 1996b) The Braking System is sufficient for a Light weigh Mini Bus like Traveller which is 1000 Kgs lighter than Chassis built Busesc) Cost Effective Technologies like All Wheel ventilated Disc Brakes deliver the same Braking Performance at a much lower

Acquisition and Running Cost than Air Brakes

2) Front & Rear Air Suspension:-a) The acceleration and ride frequency define the type of suspension selection for a bus.b) In Case of Mini Buses where the engine is in the front the variation of load from Unladen to laden condition on the front axle is

minimum & hence acceleration & ride frequencies can be achieved with leaf spring at front and Air Suspension at the rear. Thisenables comfortable ride comfort (within norms) in the most cost effective way.

3) Automatic/Automated Manual Transmissions:a) In Mini Buses where Engines are mounted in the frontThe gear shift effort is less due to Short Distance ergonomically placed lever,

cable shift and double synchro mechanism. The clutch pedal effort is less due to lower clamp loads and spring assisted clutchpedal.

b) Cost Effective Technologies like Dual Mass Fly Wheel (DMFW) deliver the required performance to facilitate lesser Gear Changesand Gear Shift Effort, and hence eliminate the need of expensive Automatic/Automated Manual Transmission

4) 24 V Electrical System:a) Unlike the 12m Heavier Buses wherein given the mass of vehicle & high displacement engines, the Electrical Loads for Engine

Start are higher due to bigger Flywheel Inertias. The Mini Buses have a small Dual Mass Flywheel and Lesser electrical loads.b) Mandating a 24V Electrical System for Mini Buses will lead in Electrical losses and overall rise in Acquisition and Maintenance Cost

Points for Open House Discussion

Thank You

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