optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

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Op#mising irriga#on requirement of boro rice through #mely sowing and short dura#on varie#es ICARCentral Soil Salinity Research Ins#tute (CSSRI) RRS, Canning Town, India Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone 21 23 October, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh Sukanta K. Sarangi, D. Burman, S. Mandal, B. Maji, Elizabeth Humphreys, To Phuc Tuong, B. K. Bandyopadhyay and D. K. Sharma

DESCRIPTION

By Sukanta Sarangi, D. Burman, S. Mandal, B. Maji, Elizabeth Humphreys, TP Tuong, BK Bandyopadhyay, DK Sharma Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference 21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Op#mising  irriga#on  requirement  of  boro  rice  through  #mely  sowing  and  short  dura#on  varie#es  

 ICAR-­‐Central  Soil  Salinity  Research  Ins#tute  (CSSRI)  

RRS,  Canning  Town,  India    Revitalizing  the  Ganges  Coastal  Zone  

21  -­‐23  October,  2014,  Dhaka,  Bangladesh  

Sukanta  K.  Sarangi,  D.  Burman,  S.  Mandal,  B.  Maji,    Elizabeth  Humphreys,  To  Phuc  Tuong,  B.  K.  Bandyopadhyay  and  D.  K.  Sharma  

 

Page 2: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Agro-­‐climaCc  zones  of  WB  

N  

E  

Page 3: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Holding  Size  in  Coastal  Zone  (%)  

District   Marginal    (<  1ha)  

Small    (1-­‐2  ha)  

Semi-­‐medium    (2-­‐<4  ha)  

Medium  (4-­‐<10  ha)  

Large    (>10  ha)  

North  24  Parganas   88   9   2   0.1   <0.1  South  24  Parganas   86   12   1   0.1   Neg  East  Midnapur   93   6   0.7   <0.1   Neg  

Howrah   94   5   0.4   <0.1   Neg  Mean    (coastal  zone)  

90   8   1   <0.1   Neg  

Mean    (non-­‐coastal  zone)  

78   16   5   0.5   <0.1  

Neg  =  negligible  

Marginal  farmers  dominate  the  coastal  zone  of  West  Bengal  

Page 4: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Site   Net  Cropped  Area    

Boro  area    

Boro  area  %  of  NCA  

Coastal  N24  P   62   11   18  

Coastal  S24  P   232   25   11  

North  24  P   257   95   37  South  24  P   374   70   19  

Source:  District  Agriculture  Plan  North  24  Parganas  and  South  24  Parganas,  2010-­‐11  

Boro  Area  (000’  ha)  in  the  target  sites  

Page 5: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Rice  Produc#vity  (t  ha-­‐1):  Boro    vs  Aman    

Block/District/  State  

Salt-­‐affected  area*  

Boro     Aman  

Gosaba   100   2.1   1.6  

Sandeshkhali     100   2.8   2.0  

South  24  Parganas   92   3.0   2.2  

North  24  Parganas   58   3.3   2.8  

West  Bengal   14   4.1   3.6  

*  %  of  cul#vable  area  

Page 6: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

•   Rice  is  essen#al  for  food  security  •   Irriga#on  source  is  confined  aquifer    •   Source  is  finite,  scarcity  of    water  •   U#liza#on  is  likely  to  increase  

Need  &  Scope  for  Op#mising  Irriga#on  Requirement  for  Boro  

   

Scope  

Possibility  

Low   Medium   High    

Method  of  Irriga#on   √  

Establishment  method   √  

Alterna#ve  source   √  

Op#mising  sowing  date   √  

Short  dura#on  variety   √  

Page 7: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Month  

Season  Apr   May   Jun   Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec   Jan   Feb   Mar  

Aman                

Boro                    

 Present  Rice  Cropping  Calendar  

Month

Season Apr   May   Jun   Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec   Jan   Feb   Mar  

Aman                

Boro  

         

With  introduc#on  of  short  dura#on  varie#es  (<10  days  )  and  advancing  boro  nursery  sowing  (15-­‐20  days)    

>150  days  

135  -­‐140days  

 Suggested  Rice  Cropping  Calendar  

Page 8: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Experimental  Design  and  Treatments Nursery  Seeding  Date  D1:  Early  seeding  (First  week  of  November)  D2:  Normal  seeding/Farmers’  pracCce  (Last  week  of  Nov)    Varie#es/Lines  (Replicated  thrice  in  RBD)  BRRI  dhan  47    BRRI  dhan  53    BRRI  dhan  55  BINA  dhan  8    CSR  34    CSR  22  IR  10206-­‐29-­‐2-­‐1-­‐1      CSRC  (S)  50-­‐2-­‐1-­‐1-­‐4-­‐B  

Page 9: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Irriga#on  required  for  Land  Soaking  and  Puddling  

•  Early land preparation in December required 16 cm less irrigation water than in January

0  5  

10  15  20  25  30  35  40  

Early  Land  PreparaCon  (First  week  of  December)  

Late  Land  PreparaCon  (First  week  of  January)  

Irriga#

on  water  (cm)  

21.6  cm  

37.7cm  

Page 10: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Soil  is  weler  at  #me  of  land  prepara#on  for  early  sowing,  reducing  irriga#on  requirement  

Deposi#on  of  salts  and  crack  forma#on  in  January  

Residual  soil  moisture  in  December  

Page 11: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Number  of  irriga#on  required  for  Boro  from  transplan#ng  to  maturity  

•   Early  sown  boro  required  5  irriga#ons  less  than  late  sown  •   Shorter  dura#on  varie#es  required  4-­‐5  fewer  irriga#ons  than  longer  

0  

5  

10  

15  

20  

25  

Num

ber  o

f  irriga#

ons  

Early  Sowing  (1st  Week  of  Nov.)    Late  Sowing  (Last  Week  of  Nov.)    

Page 12: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

0.0  

0.5  

1.0  

1.5  

2.0  

2.5  

3.0  

3.5  

4.0  

4.5  

5.0  

0  

5  

10  

15  

20  

25  

30  

35  

40  

45  

Nov/13   Dec/13   Jan/14   Feb/14   Mar/14   Apr/14   May/14  

EvaporaCon   Max.  Air  temp.     Min.  Air  temp.  

Weather  becomes  drier  with  progress  of  Boro  season  

Air  tem

perature  (0C)  

Evap

ora#

on  (m

m  day

-­‐1)  

Early  sowing   Normal  sowing  

Early  Land  prepara#on  

Normal  Land  prepara#on  

Flowering  in  Early  Sowing  

Flowering  in  Normal  Sowing  

Early  Harvest   Normal  Harvest  

Page 13: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

0  20  40  60  80  

100  120  140  160  180  

Total  irriga#

on  water  (cm)  

Early  sowing   Late  sowing  

Total  Depth  of  Irriga#on  Required  for  Boro    (mean  of  2  years)  

•   BRRI  dhan  55  required  significantly  less  water  than  all  others  with                early  sowing  

•   Early  sown  crop  required  20  cm  lesser  water  than  late  sowing  

Page 14: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

105  110  115  120  125  130  135  140  145  

Maturity

 Dura#

on  (D

ays)   Early  sowing   Late  sowing  

Maturity  dura#on  of  boro  rice  (2  year  means)  

•   Dura#on  reduced  due  to  late  sowing  •   Early  to  mature  was  BRRI  dhan  55  

Page 15: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Effect  of  Sowing  Date  and  Variety  on  Spikelet  Fer#lity  and  Boro  Rice  Yield  

•   Spikelet  fer#lity  was  highest  in  BINA  dhan  8  (81-­‐89%)  •   7%  reduc#on  in  spikelet  fer#lity  due  to  late  sowing  •   Highest  grain  yield  in  BINA  dhan  8,  CSR  22,BRRI  dhan  47  &  IR  10206  •   Grain  yield  reduced  by  11%  due  to  late  sowing  

0  10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90  100  

Spikelet  fe

r#lity  %   Early  sowing   Late  sowing  

0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7   Early  Sowing   Late  sowing  

Grain  yield  (t  ha-­‐

1 )  

Page 16: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

Variety   Early  seeding   Normal  seeding  BRRI  dhan  47   47   37  BINA  dhan  8   46   40  IR  10206-­‐29-­‐2-­‐1-­‐1   45   37  CSRC(S)  50-­‐2-­‐1-­‐1-­‐4-­‐B   35   25  Means   42   34  LSD  (P=0.05)   1.5   1.3  

Irriga#on  Water  Produc#vity  (kg  ha-­‐1  cm-­‐1)

•   Early  sown  boro  has  higher  WP  

Page 17: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

0  

1  

2  

3  

4  

5  

6  

7  

20   30   40   50  

Grain  Yield  (t  ha-­‐

1 )  

Water  Produc#vity    (kg  ha-­‐1  cm-­‐1)  

y  =  -­‐12.97+  9.74x  r  =  0.92  

0  20  40  60  80  

100  120  140  160  180  

20   30   40   50  

Irriga#

on  water    (cm

)  

Water  Produc#vity    (kg  ha-­‐1  cm-­‐1)  

y  =  202.72  -­‐  1.63  x  r    =  -­‐0.87    

Water  Produc#vity  posi#vely  correlated  with  grain  yield  and  nega#vely  correlated  with  total  irriga#on  water  input  

Page 18: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

CONCLUSION  

•   Poten#al  to  increase  yield  of  boro  in  coastal  zone  of  West  Bengal  

•   Shorter  dura#on  variety  and  early  crop  establishment  reduced  irriga#on  water  input  and  increased  water  produc#vity  

•   Efforts  needed  to  ensure  #mely  availability    of  quality  seeds  of  improved  varie#es  to  farmers  

Page 19: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  

•   G2  project  on  “Produc#ve,  profitable,  and  resilient  agriculture  and  aquaculture  systems”,  a  project  of  the  CGIAR  Challenge  Program  on  Water  and  Food  (CPWF)  

•   Financial  support  by  the  Interna#onal  Rice  Research  Ins#tute  (IRRI)  

•   Facili#es  to  conduct  the  experiments  by  the  Central  Soil  Salinity  Research  Ins#tute  (CSSRI)  

Page 20: Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties

THANK  YOU  

Let  us  produce  more  crop  per  drop