optimalization filtering through the anions cations cartridge system and integrated uv lights

8/8/2019 Optimalization Filtering Through the Anions Cations Cartridge System and Integrated Uv Lights

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OPTIMALIZATION FILTERING THROUGH THEANIONS CATIONS CARTRIDGE SYSTEM AND

INTEGRATED UV LIGHTS

RESEARCH PAPERPresented at Indonesian Aquaculture 2008

YOGYAKARTA - INDONESIA

By :

ROMI NOVRIADIMUH KADARI

FERNANDO J.S

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE AFFAIRSDIRECTORATE GENERAL OF AQUACULTURE

BATAM MARICULTURE CENTRE DEVELOPMENT2008


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VALIDATION SHEET

OPTIMALIZATION FILTERING THROUGH THE ANIONSCATIONS CARTRIDGE SYSTEM AND INTEGRATED UV

LIGHTS

Prepared by :The Engineering Leader

( Romi Novriadi )

Approved by :

Engineering Manager Head of Batam MaricultureCentre Development

( Muh Kadari ) ( Dr. Djumbuh Rukmono, MP )


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OPTIMALIZATION FILTERING THROUGH THE ANIONS CATIONSCARTRIDGE SYSTEM AND INTEGRATED UV LIGHTS

By:

Romi Novriadi*, Muh Kadari, Fernando, J.S

Mariculture Centre Development of BatamJl. Raya Barelang, 3rd Bridges, Setokok-Batam Island

PO BOX 60 Sekupang, Batam - 29422E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Water is an essential requirement and is essential to support thesustainability of the whole process of life on earth, especially to aquaticorganisms. so that there would be no life on earth if there is no water. Today,the water becomes a problem that needs serious attention. To get good waterin accordance with certain standards, is now an expensive item, because the

water has been polluted by a lot of variety of wastes from various results ofhuman activity. Resulting in degradation of both the quality and quantity.

One technique that has been done to obtain the appropriate waterespecially for the fish rearing media is to use filtering with the anion cationCartridgesystem and integrated with UV lamp. This filtering system combinesthe Mechanical, Chemical and Ultraviolet filtering system. the mechanicalsystem function is to separate the solid material from the water (by size) bycapture / filter out these materials so they no longer found floating in thewater, while the chemical system that uses anion cation cartridge, zeolite andactivated charcoal has a role to: absorption, Ion Exchange, and adsorption.And for Ultraviolet systems has function to eliminate the microorganisms andmicrobial content in the water that passes through the ultraviolet system.

The observation result showed that the anion kation cartridge filtersystem with integrated UV lamp is quite effective to produce the optimal waterquality for aquaculture. with the capabilities to reduced few elements that aretoxic and interfere the aquatic organisms. From the engineering results showthat this system can reduce the presence of NH3 and NO3 78.58 to 100% and58.33 to 86.36%, The reduction of turbidity and TDS in the water as much as :92,75 98,12% and 71.59 to 77.1 %. And reduce the presence of the totalbacteria number until 72.81 - 83,1%.

Key words: Pollution, Water Quality, Cation Anion, Ultraviolet Integrated


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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION

I.1 Background

Fish culture both in the sea, lakes, rivers and in the ponds is strongly

influenced by environmental factors. Besides it also depends on the level ofthe fish culture knowledge. With Indonesia's territorial waters are veryspacious and has a diverse condition of water environment so as to developthe fish culture requires a different approach as well. That is why the earlyidentification of environmental conditions is very importance before starting afish farming business.

Water as a medium of fish live often fluctuate, both daily or seasonal,sometimes found in extreme conditions. Fluctuation of the factors contained inthe water will greatly affect to the lives of organisms, especially to the aquaticorganisms. The influence will have an impact on physiological processes,behavior and mortality. In order to reduce the bad by environmental factors,

we need a system to improve and maintain the water quality as a medium offish live.

Based on monthly and annual record are owned by the author, it isknown that in Batam island-Indonesia fish farm, always have fluctuations bothin the Nitrogen elements and their derivatives, such as Nitrite, Nitrate, andAmmonia, also happen to Phosphate, and Total Number of Bacteria in thewaters. This condition is also accompanied by the increased of turbidity andheavy metal content in the water. Fluctuations of N and P elements areassumed come from the accumulation of aquaculture waste through the fecesand food remains. In addition the texture of the bottom substrate consists ofmud that caused a lot of dissolved and suspended particles in water, so thewater become dirty faster. This environmental problem is compounded bydomestic sewage, industrial and mining. As a center of industry In Indonesia,Batam would produce waste in large quantities.

To anticipate this, the writer, assisted by some staff from BatamMariculture Centre Development trying to design an economical filtrationsystem but effective and efficient. This system is called with a filtration systemwith Anion cation cartridge system and integrated UV light. This system is thecombination of mechanical system with a chemical, where the materials usedare anion cation that serves as the binding of positive and negative ions,Zeolite as an adsorbent in which Zeolite is one of the many minerals

contained in the Earth Indonesia is not optimally utilized. With relativelyregular shape of zeolite crystals with cavities that are interconnected in alldirections causing the surface of the zeolite to be very broad so it is best usedas an adsorbent (Arnelli et al, 1999). Other materials used are activatedcarbone as a Cleaner and UV light (UV) to reduce the presence of bacteria inthe water


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I.2 ProblemsBased on the background that has been presented above, some problem thatwe want to answer in this engineering are:

1. How much the reduction percentage in N and P elements and their

derivatives by using this filtration system?2. How much the reduction percentage in number of total bacteria by using

this filtration system?3. How is the relevance of water quality produced by this filtration system

when compared with the Water Quality Standards for Marine Life based onthe Environmental Ministry of Indonesia No.54/2004

1.3 Hypothesis

Suspected that the accumulation of fish farming activities, householdactivities, industry and mining has caused the water quality degradation, sowe need a filtration system to improve and maintain the water quality

optimization

I.4 Objectives

This Engineering aims to:1. Observe the effect of Anion cation cartridge system and integrated UV

light to the Posphate and Nitrogen and its derivatives (NO2, NO3 and NH3)in water.

2. Knowing the effect of this filtration system on the level of turbidity and thenumber of total bacteria in the water.

3. To produced an Applied, effective and economical technology to the fishfarmers.


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CHAPTER IIEXPERIMENT METHODOLOGY

II.1 Time and Place

This engineering was held in Batam Mariculture Centre Development,

starting from October 5th

2008 until December 22, 2008.But for the application of this tool will continue to be used along with thetreatment process through the backwash mechanism, cleaning materialsand replacement of filter material.

III.2 Tool and Material

III.2.1. Tool

PVC pipe with 10 diametre Waterbath

Tube for UV light Analytical balancepH meter model HACH SensIon Beaker glass

DO meter model Oxyguard ErlenmeyerHACH DR/890 Kolorimeter Sample bottleHANNA C203 Ion Spektrometer Oven

UV light for aquaculture IncubatorNephelometer Turbidity Unit Ose stick for bacterial

Colony counter Hot plateEquipment for filter pipe Petri disk for bacterial analysis

III.2.2Bahan

Zeolite PCA (Plate Count Agar)

Active carbon Free chlorine reagenAnion cation Posphat Low Range reagenSea sand Free chlorine reagen for HANNASponge NaOH 0,1 NAmmonia salycilate reagen HCl 0,1 NAmmonia cyanurate reagen KCl 0,2 NNitraVer reagen CH3COOH 0,5 NNitriVer reagen Phenolphtalein indicatorpH Buffer 7.00 Metil Orange indicatorpH Buffer 4.00 H2SO4 4 NpH Buffer 10.00 HNO3 4 N


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III.2.3 Engineering procedure

a. Manufacture and preparation of filtration system design.

The design of filtration systems with Anion cation cartridge system andintegrated UV light was held on the first and second week in October 2008.throughout the design pay attention to the location of filter material in thesystem so it can fit with the function of the filter material. The design of thissystem is prepared to water treatment for 2 (two) tank with 5 tons volume ofwater for each tank. Therefore in this design was studied indeed about thequantities of input and output water. The total volume of water produced foreach tank is adjusted at 20-25 L / min. This amount is in accordance with thevolume of water needed for fish culture in the tank. In this system is alsodesigned the backwash mechanism that lies at the bottom of the system, sothat when the tank was cleaned, the system can also be cleanedsimultaneously. So in conclusion, this filtration system design attempted to bean efisein, economically and effectively as possible.

b. Determining the location of the filter material.

The filter with anion cation filtration system and integrated UV lamps isa combination between the Mechanical, Chemical and Ultraviolet system.Mechanical, because it uses basic ingredients to separate the solid materialfrom the water physically by capture or filter out those materials that are nolonger found in a floating or hovering condition. In this case we used the seasand and rock reefs. And it is called by Chemical Filter because it has afunction as Absorption, Ion Exchange, and adsorption. Therefore in this

filtration system we used Anion Cation, Zeolite and Active carbon. And in theend, all the water that produced by this filter will be cleaned again from thepresence of bacteria using the UV filters.

Cartridge design Making of cartridge


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In general, the filter material location can be seen in the picture below:

From the picture, literally can be explained as follows:

1. Water entry (See the arrow) through a cartridge containing anions andcations. Here the ion exchange process will occur, where the ions areadsorbed on a surface of filter media exchanged with other ions in thewater. This process is possible through a phenomenon of attractionbetween the charged media surface with polar molecules. When acharged molecule that has touched a surface of opposite charge, themolecule will be chemically bound to the surface. In certain conditionsthese molecules can be exchanged its position with other molecules thatare in water that has a higher tendency to be bound.

2. Subsequently the water out of the cartridge and into the first stage filtrationsystem that is, active sea sand and coral rock. Here the filter plays the roleof the mechanical system, where the process of material separation ofsolids from water physically (by size) with capture or filter out thesematerials.

3. From the first stage, the water then rises again to the second stage,namely Zeolite. Here there is a binding process of micro-and toxicsubstances that are soluble like nitrite, nitrate and ammonia

4. From the second stage, the water board continue upwards into the third-stage filter containing activated carbonel. At this stage, it is still a chemicalfiltration system that has a function as a purifier or cleaner, remove the

color and smell, and remove the toxic elements such as nitrogen andderivatives-derivation.5. After treated by mechanical and chemical treatments, then the water from

above (see arrow) come into the UV tube (ultraviolet) to reduce thenumber of total bacteria that exist in water and then water get into the fishculture tank.


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C. Analysis of water quality produced by the filtration system

To find out the optimization of water quality produced by this filtrationsystem, water quality analysis is carried out on the water generated by thisfiltration system. For comparison, test the water quality of the wateragainst the same water source but without going through this filtration

system (Control). Sampling was done as much as 1times in a week andstarting from the date October 19, 2008 until December 14, 2008. whichmeans there are 9 (nine) times of sampling activity.

All of The parameters : TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), NH3, NO2, NO3, pH,Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity, Turbidity, and General of Total Bacteria in thewater. Was analyzed and tested at Batam Mariculture CentreDevelopment Laboratory.

d. Maintenance of Filtration System

The maintenance of this filter system is very important to do for the

sustainability and durability of this filtering tool. Maintenance can be donein two phases: first) Daily Care, which is done by doing a backwash for theremnants of debris so it can flow out. And Second) Washing the filtermaterial, can be done periodically, but it is recommended for daily useafter cleaning 1times in 45 days. Laundering is intended for the dirt that fallor in the pores of the filter material can be cleaned. After the cleaningprocess is complete, all materials can be incorporated back into the filtertube in the hope of re-effectively as the initial condition of usage.

With good and routine maintenance, this filter can be used for long

time periode


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pH graphic between water after filtering and without

filtering

7.8

7.85

7.9

7.95

8

8.05

19Oktober

26Oktober

2-Nov

9-Nov

16-Nov

23-Nov

30-Nov

7Desembe

r

14Desembe

r

Date of analysis

pHvalue pH after filtering

pH control (withoutfiltering)

DO graphic between water after filtering and without

filtering

4.6

4.8

5

5.25.4

5.6

5.8

6

6.2

19Oktober

26Oktober

2-Nov

9-Nov

16-Nov

23-Nov

30-Nov

7Desembe

r

14Desembe

r

Date of analysis

DO(m

g/l)

DO after filtering

DO without filtering

CHAPTER IIIRESULTS AND DISCUSSION

III.1 Result

1. pH and Dissolved oxygen analysis

TEST RESULT

After Filterization Control (Without filtering)DATE OFANALYSIS pH D.O (mg/l) pH D.O (mg/l)

19 Oktober 7,94 5,7 7,89 5,3

26 Oktober 8,02 5,8 7,95 5,5

2 November 7,95 5,9 7,97 5,59 November 7,98 5,4 7,93 5,4

16 November 7,95 6,1 8,01 5,723 November 7,89 5,8 7,92 5,3

30 November 7,93 5,7 7,95 5,27 Desember 8,02 5,9 7,96 5,4

14 Desember 7,95 5,8 7,94 5,6


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Graphic of Turbidity

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

19Oktobe

r

26Oktobe

r

2-Nov

9-Nov

16-Nov

23-Nov

30-Nov

7Desembe

r

14Desembe

r

Date af analysis

Turbidity(NTU)

After filtering

Control (without

filtering)

Total Dissolved Solid Analysis

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

19Oktobe

r

26Oktobe

r

2-Nov

9-Nov

16-Nov

23-Nov

30-Nov

7Desembe

r

14Desembe

r

Date of Analysis

TDS(mg/l)

After filtering

Control (without

filtering)

2. Turbidity and TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) Analysis

TEST RESULT

After Filterization Control (Without filtering)DATE OFANALYSIS Kekeruhan

(NTU)TDS(mg/l)

Kekeruhan(NTU)

TDS(mg/l)

19 Oktober 0,05 10.2 0.58 33,226 Oktober 0,05 9.8 0,63 30,4

2 November 0,03 9.5 0.57 35,19 November 0,02 8.4 0,56 29,8

16 November 0,03 8.5 0,61 27,423 November 0,03 7.4 0,63 30,9

30 November 0,01 7.8 0,58 32,6

7 Desember 0,02 6.3 0,53 31,8

14 Desember 0,02 6.9 0,69 35,9


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Graphic of NH3 concentration

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

19Oktober

26Oktober

2-Nov

9-Nov

16-Nov

23-Nov

30-Nov

7Desembe

r

14Desembe

r

date of analysis

NH3(mg/l)

NH3 After filtering

Without filtering

Graphic of NO3

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

date of analysis

NO3(mg/l)

NO3 after filtering

NO3 withou filtering

3. NH3 and NO3 Concentration analysis

TEST RESULT

After Filterization Control (Without filtering)DATE OFANALYSIS NH3

(mg/l)NO3

(mg/l)NH3

(mg/l)NO3

(mg/l)

19 Oktober 0.03 0.15 0.14 0.2926 Oktober 0.01 0.12 0.12 0.31

2 November 0.01 0.09 0.05 0.289 November 0 0.07 0.08 0.35

16 November 0 0.11 0.09 0.3623 November 0 0.08 0.11 0.28

30 November 0.01 0.08 0.07 0.22

7 Desember 0 0.09 0.06 0.25

14 Desember 0 0.03 0.09 0.25


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4. The Number of General Bacterial in Water analysis

TEST RESULTDATE OFANALYSIS After Filterization

(CFU/ml)Control (Without fil tering)

(CFU/ml)

19 Oktober 9,3 x 102 1,19 x 10326 Oktober 8,6 x 102 1,67 x 103

2 November 7,44 x 102 4,16 x 1039 November 6,93 x 102 7,2 x 102

16 November 7,58 x 102 5,5 x 103

23 November 5,9 x 102 10,19x103

30 November 7,1 x 102 38,7x102

7 Desember 6,6 x 102 43,9x102

14 Desember 6,35 x 102 21,7x102

Note : The sample was taken after the filter system turn on for 15 minute

III.2 Discussion

The Anion cation cartridge system and integrated UV light is acombination of filtration systems, ie, between the mechanical filtrationsystems, chemical and Ultraviolet. This system is expected to be the bestsolution for the farmers to get an effective tool to produce the optimal waterquality but affordable and economical.

From the observations during nine weeks of analysis, there weresignificant differences between the water after the filtration system when

compared with the control water (without going through the Anion cationcartridge system and integrated UV light).

For general parameters such as pH and DO (dissolved oxygen) there isno significant fluctuation both in water after through the filter system and thecontrol. But, the Dissolved Oxygen concentration in water after through thefiltering system for 9 weeks of observation is always better when comparedwith control water. This is possible due to the dewatering system is madethrough the cavities in the pipe caused the split in the chemical bonds ofwater. Thus causing the water coming out of this filtering system makes iteasy to bind the O2 ions in the air (Ralph H Petrucci, 1989).

While on the Turbidity and TDS parameters there is an obviousdifference. The range of turbidity in the water that passes through this filtersystem for 9 weeks of observation in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 NTU while onwater control in the range of 0.53 to 0.69 NTU. This means there is areduction of turbidity in the water at 92.75 until 98.12%. while for the TDS(Total Dissolved Solid) concentration, to the water that passing through thefiltration system, resulting the TDS concentration were: 6.3 to 10.2 mg / l whileon the water control are 27.4 to 35.9 mg/l. this means that this filtration


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system has reduced dissolved solids particles as much as 71.59 to 77.1%.This was possible because this system has a mechanical filtration system thatcan separate solid material from water physically (by size) by capture or filterout those materials that are no longer found in a state of floating or hovering.In this case the material used is sea sand, rock coral and sponge absorber ontop of the filter.

In the parameter of NH3 (Ammonia) and NO3 (Nitrate) which analyzedduring the observation, the difference between the water after the filter withwater control there is a striking difference. from the data obtained that in thewater after passing through the filtration system has a concentration of NH3are 0 to 0.03 mg/l. while on the control water: 0.05 to 0.14 mg/l. it means thefilter system can reduce the element of NH3 as much as 78.58 - 100%. As forthe parameters of NO3 in water passing through the filtration system is in theconcentration of 0.03 to 0.15 mg / l, while in the control water has a rangefrom 0.22 to 0.36 mg/l. it means this system also can reduce the NO3 from58.33 to 86.36%. Reduction of these elements and their derivatives, nitrogen(NH3 and NO3) is possible because the chemically system can work well when

using the anion cation, Zeolite and activated carbone, then that was a bindingprocess of micro-and toxic substances that are soluble, such as Nitrite, Nitrateand Ammonia .

To the sum of General Bacteria in the water, which has been analyzed,the number of General Bacteria in the water after the filtration system is 5.9 x102 to 9.3 x 102. while on the control water (without passing the filtrationsystem) the general bacteria in the water were: 2,17 x10 3 - 5.5 x 103. Thismeans there is a reduction in the total number of bacteria as much as 72.81 -83.1%. This situation is obtained due to the ultraviolet filter at the final stage ofthis filtration system.

Based on the above data analysis, then obtained a conclusion that theAnion cation cartridge system and integrated UV light is quite effective andefficient in providing the optimal water quality for aquaculture.


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CHAPTER IVCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

IV.1 Conclusion

1. The Anion cation cartridge system and integrated UV light is a

combination filtration system, because it combines the MechanicalSystems, Chemical and Ultraviolet.

2. This Anion cation cartridge system and integrated UV light can beeffectively to produce the optimal water quality for aquaculture.

3. This Filtration system is quite effective in reducing the levels of toxicelements such as NH3 and NO3 through the chemical system as muchas 78.58-100% for NH3 and 58.33 to 86.36% for NO3.

4. This Filtration system is quite effective in reducing the turbidity andTDS in the water through the mechanical system as much as 92,75-98.12% for Turbidity and 71.59 to 77.1% fot total dissolved solid.

5. This Filtration system is quite effective in reducing the number ofGeneral Bacteria in the water through UV system as much as 72.81

until 83.1%.

V.2 Suggestions

Need to do further study on the system's ability to reduce some otherparameters, such as the elements of heavy metals dissolved in the water.


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LITERATURE

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kelautan. Orasi ilmiah : Guru besar tetap bidang pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir dan lautan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan InstitutPertanian Bogor.

Honma, A. 1993. Aquaculture in Japan. Japan FAO Association. BajiChikusan-Kaikan, 1-2 Kanda Surugadai, CVhiyoda-Ku, Japan.

Jusuf, G.D.H. dan V.P.H. Nikijuluw. 1999. Arah kebijaksanaan dan strategidiseminasi teknologi dan penelitian budidaya laut dan pantai dalamA.Sudrajat, E. S.Heruwati, J. Widodo dan A. Poernomo (Penyunting).Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian dan Diseminasi TeknologiBudidaya laut dan Pantai di Jakarta Tanggal 2 Desember 1999.Badan Litbang Pertanian, Puslitbang Perikanan bekerjasama dengan

JICAKurnia, agus, 2006, Saatnya Indonesia menerapkan budidaya ikan ramah

lingkungan (2), artikel

Lee, C.S. 1997. Constraints and government intervention for thedevelopment of aquaculture in developing countries. AquacultureEconomics and Managements, 1(1) : 65 71.

Maan, M., Bachrein dan M. Rochiyat. 1999. Diseminasi teknologi budidayalaut dan pantai dalamA. Sudrajat, E. S.Heruwati, J. Widodo dan A.Poernomo (Penyunting). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian danDiseminasi Teknologi Budidaya laut dan Pantai di Jakarta 2Desember 1999. Badan Litbang Pertanian, Puslitbang Perikanan

bekerjasama dengan JICA.

Nikijuluw, Victor P.H., 2002. Rezim Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perikanan.Pusat Pemberdayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah dan PT. PustakaCidesindo. Jakarta.

Petrucci H.R, 1989, Kimia Dasar- Prinsip dan Terapan Modern, Edisi Ke-empat, Jilid Ke-1, Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.

Sugama, K. 1999. Inventarisasi dan identifikasi teknologi budidaya laut danpantai yang telah dikuasai untuk diseminasi dalam A. Sudrajat, E.S.Heruwati, J. Widodo dan A. Poernomo (Penyunting). ProsidingSeminar Nasional Penelitian dan Diseminasi Teknologi Budidaya lautdan Pantai di Jakarta Tanggal 2 Desember 1999. Badan Litbang

Pertanian, Puslitbang Perikanan bekerjasama dengan JICAwww.O-fish.com/water quality. htmwww.O-fish.com/filter mekanik.htmwww.O-fish.com/filter kimia.htmwww.O-fish.com/filter ultraviolet.htm

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